AIM: To summarize research regarding the motor abilities of children and adolescents who suffer from a common psychiatric condition.METHODS: In order to outline the current knowledge regarding the motor abilities of c...AIM: To summarize research regarding the motor abilities of children and adolescents who suffer from a common psychiatric condition.METHODS: In order to outline the current knowledge regarding the motor abilities of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders(ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), disruptive behavior disorders(DBD) and depression, a comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out using Pub Med, Medline and ERIC databases. The databases were searched for relevant English language articles published between January 1990 and April 2014. Only studies that conducted a quantitative evaluation of motor ability and concerned individuals aged 0-18 years were included. A separate search was conducted for each disorder(ASD, ADHD, DBD, depression) in conjunction with each of the following keywords:(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement skill(s),(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement abilities,(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement impairment,(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement problem(s), motor function, motor coordination, motor performance, motor deficit(s). To detect supplementary relevant literature, the reference lists of the retrieved articles were examined. RESULTS: The search strategy yielded 51 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. In total, 28 studies were included that examined the motor abilities of children and adolescents with ASD. All studies indicated that they performed below average on various standardized motor assessment instruments. The overall prevalence rate for impairment in motor abilities ranged from 33% to 100%. Twenty-seven studies examined the motor abilities of children and adolescents with ADHD. Depending on the type of motor assessment tool and the cut-off points used by different researchers, prevalence rates of impairment in motor abilities are highly variable and ranged from 8% to 73%. Remarkably, there is a paucity of research addressing the motor abilities of individuals with DBD or depression. Furthermore, methodological problems, such as measurement and comorbidity issues, complicate the generalization of the findings. CONCLUSION: Research suggests that motor impairment is highly prevalent in some psychiatric conditions, particularly ASD and ADHD. However, future work is necessary to draw sound conclusions.展开更多
Background:Vacuum massage is a non-invasive mechanical massage technique invented to treat burns and scars.To date,no effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of human scar tissue have been reported.The proc...Background:Vacuum massage is a non-invasive mechanical massage technique invented to treat burns and scars.To date,no effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of human scar tissue have been reported.The process in which external stimuli are converted into biochemical responses in the cell is known as mechanotransduction.In the skin endothelial cells,fibroblasts and myofibroblasts embedded in the extracellular matrix(ECM)sense mechanical stimuli(created by vacuum massage)and may promote intracellular processes leading to matrix remodelling.Since mechanotransduction could be a plausible working mechanism for vacuum massage as an anti-scarring therapy,this study aims to investigate the short-term effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of epidermis and dermis in burn scars in order to find proof of ECM remodelling.Methods:A one group experimental study was performed.Patients with burn scars on upper extremities,lower extremities,and trunk were recruited for participation in this study.The DUB?cutis 22 MHz ultrasound scanner was used to assess thickness and density of the epidermal and dermal skin layers.After baseline measurements,vacuum massage was performed according to a pre-defined protocol.Measurements were carried out at 5 min,30 min,1 h,and 2 h post-intervention.Results:Thirteen scar sites from 9 different patients were investigated.In 8 out of the 13 scar sites,a disruption of the epidermis was noticed after the vacuum massage.Five minutes after the intervention,epidermal density decreased statistically significantly(p=.022)and dermal thickness increased(p=.018).Both changes lasted for more than 1 h,but after 2 h,the changes were no longer statistically significant.Dermal density decreased significantly(p=.048)immediately after the intervention,and this decrease was still present after 2 h(p=.011).Conclusions:Preliminary results show that the disruption of the epidermis may indicate that vacuum massage could be able to actually breach the skin barrier.The statistically significant changes in the dermal layers could suggest an increased ECM production after vacuum massage.展开更多
文摘AIM: To summarize research regarding the motor abilities of children and adolescents who suffer from a common psychiatric condition.METHODS: In order to outline the current knowledge regarding the motor abilities of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders(ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), disruptive behavior disorders(DBD) and depression, a comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out using Pub Med, Medline and ERIC databases. The databases were searched for relevant English language articles published between January 1990 and April 2014. Only studies that conducted a quantitative evaluation of motor ability and concerned individuals aged 0-18 years were included. A separate search was conducted for each disorder(ASD, ADHD, DBD, depression) in conjunction with each of the following keywords:(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement skill(s),(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement abilities,(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement impairment,(psycho/perceptuo) motor/movement problem(s), motor function, motor coordination, motor performance, motor deficit(s). To detect supplementary relevant literature, the reference lists of the retrieved articles were examined. RESULTS: The search strategy yielded 51 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. In total, 28 studies were included that examined the motor abilities of children and adolescents with ASD. All studies indicated that they performed below average on various standardized motor assessment instruments. The overall prevalence rate for impairment in motor abilities ranged from 33% to 100%. Twenty-seven studies examined the motor abilities of children and adolescents with ADHD. Depending on the type of motor assessment tool and the cut-off points used by different researchers, prevalence rates of impairment in motor abilities are highly variable and ranged from 8% to 73%. Remarkably, there is a paucity of research addressing the motor abilities of individuals with DBD or depression. Furthermore, methodological problems, such as measurement and comorbidity issues, complicate the generalization of the findings. CONCLUSION: Research suggests that motor impairment is highly prevalent in some psychiatric conditions, particularly ASD and ADHD. However, future work is necessary to draw sound conclusions.
文摘Background:Vacuum massage is a non-invasive mechanical massage technique invented to treat burns and scars.To date,no effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of human scar tissue have been reported.The process in which external stimuli are converted into biochemical responses in the cell is known as mechanotransduction.In the skin endothelial cells,fibroblasts and myofibroblasts embedded in the extracellular matrix(ECM)sense mechanical stimuli(created by vacuum massage)and may promote intracellular processes leading to matrix remodelling.Since mechanotransduction could be a plausible working mechanism for vacuum massage as an anti-scarring therapy,this study aims to investigate the short-term effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of epidermis and dermis in burn scars in order to find proof of ECM remodelling.Methods:A one group experimental study was performed.Patients with burn scars on upper extremities,lower extremities,and trunk were recruited for participation in this study.The DUB?cutis 22 MHz ultrasound scanner was used to assess thickness and density of the epidermal and dermal skin layers.After baseline measurements,vacuum massage was performed according to a pre-defined protocol.Measurements were carried out at 5 min,30 min,1 h,and 2 h post-intervention.Results:Thirteen scar sites from 9 different patients were investigated.In 8 out of the 13 scar sites,a disruption of the epidermis was noticed after the vacuum massage.Five minutes after the intervention,epidermal density decreased statistically significantly(p=.022)and dermal thickness increased(p=.018).Both changes lasted for more than 1 h,but after 2 h,the changes were no longer statistically significant.Dermal density decreased significantly(p=.048)immediately after the intervention,and this decrease was still present after 2 h(p=.011).Conclusions:Preliminary results show that the disruption of the epidermis may indicate that vacuum massage could be able to actually breach the skin barrier.The statistically significant changes in the dermal layers could suggest an increased ECM production after vacuum massage.
