Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-associated gastric cancer(EBVaGC)cells originate from a single-cell clone infected with EBV.However,more than 95%of patients with gastric cancer have a history of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)i...Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-associated gastric cancer(EBVaGC)cells originate from a single-cell clone infected with EBV.However,more than 95%of patients with gastric cancer have a history of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,and H.pylori is a major causative agent of gastric cancer.Therefore,it has long been argued that H.pylori infection may affect the development of EBVaGC,a subtype of gastric cancer.Atrophic gastrointestinal inflammation,a symptom of H.pylori infection,is observed in the gastric mucosa of EBVaGC.Therefore,it remains unclear whether H.pylori infection is a cofactor for gastric carcinogenesis caused by EBV infection or whether H.pylori and EBV infections act independently on gastric cancer formation.It has been reported that EBV infection assists in the oncogenesis of gastric cancer caused by H.pylori infection.In contrast,several studies have reported that H.pylori infection accelerates tumorigenesis initiated by EBV infection.By reviewing both clinical epidemiological and experimental data,we reorganized the role of H.pylori and EBV infections in gastric cancer formation.展开更多
Platelet transfusion is one of the most reliable strategies to cure patients suffering from thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction.With the increasing demand for transfusion,however,there is an undersupply of donors...Platelet transfusion is one of the most reliable strategies to cure patients suffering from thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction.With the increasing demand for transfusion,however,there is an undersupply of donors to provide the platelet source.Thus,scientists have sought to design methods for deriving clinical-scale platelets ex vivo.Although there has been considerable success ex vivo in the generation of transformative platelets produced by human stem cells(SCs),the platelet yields achieved using these strategies have not been adequate for clinical application.In this review,we provide an overview of the developmental process of megakaryocytes and the production of platelets in vivo and ex vivo,recapitulate the key advances in the production of SC-derived platelets using several SC sources,and discuss some strategies that apply three-dimensional bioreactor devices and biochemical factors synergistically to improve the generation of large-scale platelets for use in future biomedical and clinical settings.展开更多
基金Supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research From the Ministry of Education,Culture,Science and Technology of Japan,No.21K07054(Hironori Yoshiyama)and No.22K07101(Hisashi Iizasa).
文摘Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-associated gastric cancer(EBVaGC)cells originate from a single-cell clone infected with EBV.However,more than 95%of patients with gastric cancer have a history of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,and H.pylori is a major causative agent of gastric cancer.Therefore,it has long been argued that H.pylori infection may affect the development of EBVaGC,a subtype of gastric cancer.Atrophic gastrointestinal inflammation,a symptom of H.pylori infection,is observed in the gastric mucosa of EBVaGC.Therefore,it remains unclear whether H.pylori infection is a cofactor for gastric carcinogenesis caused by EBV infection or whether H.pylori and EBV infections act independently on gastric cancer formation.It has been reported that EBV infection assists in the oncogenesis of gastric cancer caused by H.pylori infection.In contrast,several studies have reported that H.pylori infection accelerates tumorigenesis initiated by EBV infection.By reviewing both clinical epidemiological and experimental data,we reorganized the role of H.pylori and EBV infections in gastric cancer formation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants,No.31600683 and No.U1738103Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA15014000
文摘Platelet transfusion is one of the most reliable strategies to cure patients suffering from thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction.With the increasing demand for transfusion,however,there is an undersupply of donors to provide the platelet source.Thus,scientists have sought to design methods for deriving clinical-scale platelets ex vivo.Although there has been considerable success ex vivo in the generation of transformative platelets produced by human stem cells(SCs),the platelet yields achieved using these strategies have not been adequate for clinical application.In this review,we provide an overview of the developmental process of megakaryocytes and the production of platelets in vivo and ex vivo,recapitulate the key advances in the production of SC-derived platelets using several SC sources,and discuss some strategies that apply three-dimensional bioreactor devices and biochemical factors synergistically to improve the generation of large-scale platelets for use in future biomedical and clinical settings.
