Oil palm trunk is an excellent raw material for thermally compressed wood board.However,improvements to dimensional stability during water absorption and reduced thickness swelling has been tied to losses in other mec...Oil palm trunk is an excellent raw material for thermally compressed wood board.However,improvements to dimensional stability during water absorption and reduced thickness swelling has been tied to losses in other mechanical properties,especially as the compression temperature is increased.Toward solving this trade-off,we analyzed the effects of a 48 h pre-soak in citric acid solutions(0,5,15,25,or 35%w/v in distilled water)on the physical and mechanical properties of oil palm board compressed at 140℃.The reference benchmark case was compressed at 200℃without pretreatment.The oil palm board raw materials were obtained from outer,middle and inner parts of trunk.The results showed that the oven-dry density of compressed oil palm board made from different parts of trunk increased with thermal compression(maximum pressure 12.26 MPa for 8 min).The citric acid pretreatment improved water absorption and thickness swelling properties of oil palm board thermally compressed at 140℃,consistent with the citric acid concentration.The carboxyl groups in citric acid cross-link with the hydroxyl groups in the wood.However,no significant difference was found between the benchmark(200℃)and pretreatments with 5 or 15%citric acid.The citric acid altered the wood chemistry during hot compressing at 140℃.Static bending strength,modulus of rupture(MOR),and modulus of elasticity(MOE)slightly decreased with the citric acid pretreatment,matching the effects of high temperature compression at 200℃.展开更多
Traditionally, meat has been marinated to improve yield, flavor, tenderness, and may increase product shelf life. Sa-tay is a popular dish in Thai restaurant. Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities ...Traditionally, meat has been marinated to improve yield, flavor, tenderness, and may increase product shelf life. Sa-tay is a popular dish in Thai restaurant. Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities after the oyster meat treated with garlic 0, 2 ml of garlic juice then marinated with Sa-tay condiment (8%, wt/wt) were monitored during chilled storage, 4℃ ± 2℃. pH and glycogen content of all treatments decreased while TVB, lactic acid content, ammonia content and K-value increased as storage time. A TBARS, rancidity indicator, of the control was higher compared with other treatments. Mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria of all treatments particularly the oyster treated with the juice increased as storage time increased. However, psychrophilic bacteria, coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. were low throughout the storage. Consumer acceptability scores of all treatments were higher than borderline (>5) at the end of the storage, 12 days.展开更多
The effect of lipids on antioxidant activities of tested antioxidants and Tom-Kha paste extract was determined in the food system. 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulf...The effect of lipids on antioxidant activities of tested antioxidants and Tom-Kha paste extract was determined in the food system. 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) scavenging activity, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and p-anisidine value (AV) were methods for determining. The result showed that heating at 121°C for 15 min caused decreasing on DPPH scavenging activity of lauric acid but didn’t affect ABTS scavenging activity of both lauric acid and virgin coconut oil. DPPH scavenging activity of all mixtures was significantly decreased (p p-hydroxycinnamic acid and Tom-Kha paste extract in both lauric acid and virgin coconut oil systems increased after thermal processing. In food systems of lauric acid, PV of almost mixtures except lauric acid-Tom-Kha paste extract 2:1 and lauric acid-Trolox 15:1 was increased after heating. TBARS value of the mixtures was not significantly different (p?≥ 0.05) after thermal processing. AV of only lauric acid-gallic was enhanced after heating. PV of virgin coconut oil added with all tested antioxidant was not changed after heating. TBARS of virgin coconut oil added with antioxidant samples seemed to slightly increase after heating. AV of virgin coconut oil with added gallic acid and Tom-Kha paste extract were not changed by heat treatment while AV of virgin coconut oil with added p-hydroxycinnamic acid and Trolox seemed to decrease after heating.展开更多
The discharge of industrial effluent containing heavy metal ions would cause water pollution if such effluent is not properly treated.In this work,the performance of emerging nanofiltration(NF)like-forward osmosis(FO)...The discharge of industrial effluent containing heavy metal ions would cause water pollution if such effluent is not properly treated.In this work,the performance of emerging nanofiltration(NF)like-forward osmosis(FO)membrane was evaluated for its efficiency to remove copper ion from water.Conventionally,copper ion is removed from aqueous solution via adsorption and/or ion-exchange method.The engineered osmosis method as proposed in this work considered four commercial NF membranes(i.e.,NF90,DK,NDX and PFO)where their separation performances were accessed using synthetic water sample containing 100 mg·L-1 copper ion under FO and pressure retarded osmosis(PRO)orientation.The findings indicated that all membranes could achieve almost complete removal of copper regardless of membrane orientation without applying external driving force.The high removal rates were in good agreement with the outcomes of the membranes tested under pressuredriven mode at 1 MPa.The use of appropriate salts as draw solutes enabled the NF membranes to be employed in engineered osmosis process,achieving a relatively low reverse solute flux.The findings showed that the best performing membrane is PFO membrane in which it achieved N 99.4%copper rejection with very minimum reverse solute flux of<1 g·m-2·h-1.展开更多
Acrylonitrile rubber(NBR)composites filled with barium titanate(BT)were prepared using an internal mixer and a two-roll mill.Also,a secondary filler,namely carbon nanotubes(CNT),was added in order to find a potential ...Acrylonitrile rubber(NBR)composites filled with barium titanate(BT)were prepared using an internal mixer and a two-roll mill.Also,a secondary filler,namely carbon nanotubes(CNT),was added in order to find a potential synergistic blend ratio of BT and CNT.The cure characteristics,tensile and dielectric properties(dielectric constant and dielectric loss)of the composites were determined.It was found that NBR/BT composites with CNT secondary filler,at a proper BT:CNT ratio,exhibited shorter scorch time(ts1)and cure time(tc90)together with superior tensile properties and reinforcement efficiency,relative to the one with only the primary filler.In addition,the NBR/BT-CNT composite with 80 phr BT and 1–2 phr CNT had dielectric constant of 100–500,dielectric loss of 12–100 and electrical conductivity below 10−4 S/m together with high thermal stability.Thus,with a proper BT:CNT mix and filler loading,we can produce mechanically superior rubber composites that are easy to process and low-cost,for flexible dielectric materials application.展开更多
基金supported by the Prince of Songkla University for funding this project(SIT580810S)
文摘Oil palm trunk is an excellent raw material for thermally compressed wood board.However,improvements to dimensional stability during water absorption and reduced thickness swelling has been tied to losses in other mechanical properties,especially as the compression temperature is increased.Toward solving this trade-off,we analyzed the effects of a 48 h pre-soak in citric acid solutions(0,5,15,25,or 35%w/v in distilled water)on the physical and mechanical properties of oil palm board compressed at 140℃.The reference benchmark case was compressed at 200℃without pretreatment.The oil palm board raw materials were obtained from outer,middle and inner parts of trunk.The results showed that the oven-dry density of compressed oil palm board made from different parts of trunk increased with thermal compression(maximum pressure 12.26 MPa for 8 min).The citric acid pretreatment improved water absorption and thickness swelling properties of oil palm board thermally compressed at 140℃,consistent with the citric acid concentration.The carboxyl groups in citric acid cross-link with the hydroxyl groups in the wood.However,no significant difference was found between the benchmark(200℃)and pretreatments with 5 or 15%citric acid.The citric acid altered the wood chemistry during hot compressing at 140℃.Static bending strength,modulus of rupture(MOR),and modulus of elasticity(MOE)slightly decreased with the citric acid pretreatment,matching the effects of high temperature compression at 200℃.
文摘Traditionally, meat has been marinated to improve yield, flavor, tenderness, and may increase product shelf life. Sa-tay is a popular dish in Thai restaurant. Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities after the oyster meat treated with garlic 0, 2 ml of garlic juice then marinated with Sa-tay condiment (8%, wt/wt) were monitored during chilled storage, 4℃ ± 2℃. pH and glycogen content of all treatments decreased while TVB, lactic acid content, ammonia content and K-value increased as storage time. A TBARS, rancidity indicator, of the control was higher compared with other treatments. Mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria of all treatments particularly the oyster treated with the juice increased as storage time increased. However, psychrophilic bacteria, coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. were low throughout the storage. Consumer acceptability scores of all treatments were higher than borderline (>5) at the end of the storage, 12 days.
文摘The effect of lipids on antioxidant activities of tested antioxidants and Tom-Kha paste extract was determined in the food system. 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) scavenging activity, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and p-anisidine value (AV) were methods for determining. The result showed that heating at 121°C for 15 min caused decreasing on DPPH scavenging activity of lauric acid but didn’t affect ABTS scavenging activity of both lauric acid and virgin coconut oil. DPPH scavenging activity of all mixtures was significantly decreased (p p-hydroxycinnamic acid and Tom-Kha paste extract in both lauric acid and virgin coconut oil systems increased after thermal processing. In food systems of lauric acid, PV of almost mixtures except lauric acid-Tom-Kha paste extract 2:1 and lauric acid-Trolox 15:1 was increased after heating. TBARS value of the mixtures was not significantly different (p?≥ 0.05) after thermal processing. AV of only lauric acid-gallic was enhanced after heating. PV of virgin coconut oil added with all tested antioxidant was not changed after heating. TBARS of virgin coconut oil added with antioxidant samples seemed to slightly increase after heating. AV of virgin coconut oil with added gallic acid and Tom-Kha paste extract were not changed by heat treatment while AV of virgin coconut oil with added p-hydroxycinnamic acid and Trolox seemed to decrease after heating.
基金the financial support provided by the Malaysian Ministry of Education(Mo E)under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(Grant No.R.J130000.7851.5F017)Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)under the UTMSHINE Signature Grant(Grant No.Q.J130000.2451.07G79).
文摘The discharge of industrial effluent containing heavy metal ions would cause water pollution if such effluent is not properly treated.In this work,the performance of emerging nanofiltration(NF)like-forward osmosis(FO)membrane was evaluated for its efficiency to remove copper ion from water.Conventionally,copper ion is removed from aqueous solution via adsorption and/or ion-exchange method.The engineered osmosis method as proposed in this work considered four commercial NF membranes(i.e.,NF90,DK,NDX and PFO)where their separation performances were accessed using synthetic water sample containing 100 mg·L-1 copper ion under FO and pressure retarded osmosis(PRO)orientation.The findings indicated that all membranes could achieve almost complete removal of copper regardless of membrane orientation without applying external driving force.The high removal rates were in good agreement with the outcomes of the membranes tested under pressuredriven mode at 1 MPa.The use of appropriate salts as draw solutes enabled the NF membranes to be employed in engineered osmosis process,achieving a relatively low reverse solute flux.The findings showed that the best performing membrane is PFO membrane in which it achieved N 99.4%copper rejection with very minimum reverse solute flux of<1 g·m-2·h-1.
基金financially supported by the Higher Education Research Promotionthe National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education (Contract No. ENG580529S)+2 种基金Center of Excellence in Materials Engineering (CEME)the Graduate Engineer Scholarship and the Graduate School ScholarshipPrince of Songkla University, including Surat Thani Campus (2016)
基金by a grant from the government budget of Prince of Songkla University and Natural Rubber Innovation Research Institute(NR-IRI)(No.SIT610284S)the graduate school of Prince of Songkla University and by Prince of Songkla University,Surat Thani Campus。
文摘Acrylonitrile rubber(NBR)composites filled with barium titanate(BT)were prepared using an internal mixer and a two-roll mill.Also,a secondary filler,namely carbon nanotubes(CNT),was added in order to find a potential synergistic blend ratio of BT and CNT.The cure characteristics,tensile and dielectric properties(dielectric constant and dielectric loss)of the composites were determined.It was found that NBR/BT composites with CNT secondary filler,at a proper BT:CNT ratio,exhibited shorter scorch time(ts1)and cure time(tc90)together with superior tensile properties and reinforcement efficiency,relative to the one with only the primary filler.In addition,the NBR/BT-CNT composite with 80 phr BT and 1–2 phr CNT had dielectric constant of 100–500,dielectric loss of 12–100 and electrical conductivity below 10−4 S/m together with high thermal stability.Thus,with a proper BT:CNT mix and filler loading,we can produce mechanically superior rubber composites that are easy to process and low-cost,for flexible dielectric materials application.