厨余垃圾堆肥蓬松剂技术研究

为解决厨余垃圾好氧堆肥过程中含水率高、有机物含量大等问题 ,分别添加锯末、树叶、秸杆和干马粪为蓬松剂进行厨余堆肥技术研究。采用翻转式堆肥设备 ,利用出口气体检测仪、温度计及扫描电镜 ,研究添加蓬松剂堆肥过程中耗氧速率 ,温度 ,出口 CO2 、H2 S、O2浓度 ,堆料结构及微生物群落变化。试验结果表明 ,添加蓬松剂堆肥 ,堆料所能达到的高温及其停留时间、好氧速率、产 CO2 气体能力均明显优于对照组 ,并能很好地控制出口 H2 S气体浓度。特别是以干马粪和锯末作为蓬松剂 ,可明显改善堆料孔隙率 ,吸收多余水分 ,加速氧和有机物的传输速率 ,改善好氧堆肥微环境。因此 ,厨余垃圾堆肥过程中加入干马粪、锯末等蓬松剂是保证堆肥顺利进行。

固体废物管理行业的环境投入产出模型及其应用

论述了在固体废物管理行业中应用环境投入产出模型的理论依据；研究了固体废物管理行业的投入产出模型的建模、展开及其预期的结果；并以长沙市为例讨论其应用模型的结果能直接或间接反映区域经济和环境关系。

喷射成形技术的发展概况及展望

喷射成形工艺流程短、成本低、沉积效率高、制造系统灵活柔性,是一种极富有发展前景的近终形成形快速凝固技术。介绍了喷射成形技术的发展历程;叙述了喷射成形在铝合金、钢铁材料、镁合金、铜合金、高温合金、金属基复合材料的研究与应用情况;阐述了多层喷射成形技术和原位反应雾化喷射沉积成形技术,对喷射成形技术进行了评价和展望。

鼠李糖脂发酵液强化蔬菜基质好氧降解研究

通过对比实验考察了在罐状批式生物反应装置中由一株铜绿假单胞菌产生的生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂的发酵液对蔬菜基质好氧生物降解过程的影响。结果显示鼠李糖脂发酵液能够在一定程度上促进蔬菜基质的降解(尤其是在降解过程的中期和中后期)。加速的原因可能是鼠李糖脂对基质液相的水分保持功能以及对有机物微粒在液相中的分散加强作用。鼠李糖脂本身在降解过程的末期也基本被分解完全。

软件需求定量分析及其映射的模糊层次分析法

在用数量化理论 3 类(quantification theory of type 3,简称 QT3)定量地分析软件需求的基础上,以质量功能展开(quality function deployment,简称 QFD)中的质量屋(house of quality,简称 HOQ)系列矩阵为纲领,基于由模糊技术改进后的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,简称 FAHP),提出了一种软件需求定量分析及其向设计实现过程模糊映射的方法.将该方法具体应用于 CD-R/RW 光盘刻录机软件的开发过程,其有效性得到了验证.

河流水质灰色规划(英文)

基于河流水质灰色模型 ,可以对河流水质进行灰色规划 .灰色规划考虑了实际河流水质系统中客观存在的不确定因素和偶然因素影响 .概述了河流水质系统的灰色规划模型的构造、河流水质系统灰色规划模型的求解及其实际应用 .

Effect of Ultrasonic Output Power on Refining the Crystal Structures of Ingots and Its Experimental Simulation

In this study, a series of tests were conducted by using aluminum-based alloy to determine the formation of grain refining structure based on the ultrasonic vibration (UV). Furthermore, the simulation test and effect of ultrasonic output power were studied using ammonium chloride. Finally, the mechanism of grain refinement was investigated. The results show that: (1) By applying the UV to aluminum-base alloy, the grain refining rate of ingots tended to increase with the increase of the output value of UV. (2) It was confirmed that time from after the pour to the beginning of crystallization as well as cloudiness tended to decrease with increasing the ultrasonic power value of UV. Moreover, it can be seen from each cooling curve that a uniform temperature gradient existed in the melt as the power of UV increased, that made the melt strongly stirred. (3) It was also considered that the grain refining effect of ingots, which was observed from the simulation tests, resulted from nucleation action and stirring division action by applying the UV.

Mechanical Properties of Sialic Foamed Ceramic and Applications in Defense Structure

结束细胞的 sialic 的机械性质起泡沫陶器被压缩测试调查。sialic 起泡沫在应力与紧张率增加的单轴的压力压缩表演易碎物和流动下面陶器。在单轴的紧张压缩下面的设计压力工程紧张曲线能被划分成三个阶段：线性弹性，折叠高原和 densification。卸掉的有弹性的模量，泊松比率和精力吸收能力被讨论。sialic 做的壳的细胞的材料起泡沫陶器在防卫结构被使用进压力分发层。地爆炸实验被执行因为沙基于压力分发层，壳的细胞的材料基于层。与沙相比，壳的细胞的材料减少强风波浪的山峰压力。

Finding of Gray Points on the Surface of the Sn-Fe Alloy Layer and Its Effects on the Corrosion Resistance of the Alloy Layer

After removing tin coating of tinplates offered by some steel works, we discovered massive, highly disperse gray points outspreading along rolling direction on the surface of the alloy layer. Morphology of the alloy layer was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and many cavities of the alloy layer were found out in the gray point. After analyzing the composition of the alloy layer, we found that content of Fe in the gray points was more than that in the normal alloy layer. Moreover, corrosion resistance of the alloy layer declines with increase of amount of gray points. In addition, the hot-humidity testing was carried out for some plates whose surface has many gray points. After 14 days, there were many rust points occurring in the edge of gray points and in the small gray points. The morphology of rust points was observed by atomic force microscope (AFM). The reason why rust points generated in the edge of gray points and in the small gray points was discussed.

Pneumatic active suspension system for a one-wheel car model using fuzzy reasoning and a disturbance observer

This paper presents the construction of a pneumatic active suspension system for a one-wheel car model using fuzzy reasoning and a disturbance observer. The one-wheel car model can be approximately described as a nonlinear two degrees of freedom system subject to excitation from a road profile. The active control is composed of fuzzy and disturbance controls, and the active control force is constructed by actuating a pneumatic actuator. A phase lead-lag compensator is inserted to counter the performance degradation due to the delay of the pneumatic actuator. The experimental result indicates that the proposed active suspension improves much the vibration suppression of the car model.

A parametric study on the contact stress of half toroidal continuously variable transmission

The most general contact in mechanical transmission is the elliptical one. In particular, a toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) has an elliptical shape in the contact area under the elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime, where the shearing of the fluid subjects to high contact stress and transmits the power. Many parameters affect the contact service performance of the half toroidal CVT, which include the properties of the contacting material (Young抯 modulus), operating parameters (input torque and maximum traction coefficient) and geometrical parameters (aspect cavity ratio, curvature ratio and half cone angle of the power roller). In this paper, the contacts between the input disk, the power roller and the output disk are formulated using the classical Hertzian contact theory. Based on the formulated equations, different system parameters, which affect the maximum Hertzian stresses, are compared. The comparative results will provide some observations of the relations between the maximum Hertzian stresses and transmission ratios in the form of graphs. These graphs give useful information for designer to know the maximum Hertzian stress during operation in such systems.

Two stages kinetics of municipal solid waste inoculation composting processes

In order to understand the key mechanisms of the composting processes, the municipal solid waste(MSW) composting processes were divided into two stages, and the characteristics of typical experimental scenarios from the viewpoint of microbial kinetics was analyzed. Through experimentation with advanced composting reactor under controlled composting conditions, several equations were worked out to simulate the degradation rate of the substrate. The equations showed that the degradation rate was controlled by concentration of microbes in the first stage. The degradation rates of substrates of inoculation Run A, B, C and Control composting systems were 13 61 g/(kg·h), 13 08 g/(kg·h), 15 671 g/(kg·h), and 10 5 g/(kg·h), respectively. The value of Run C is around 1 5 times higher than that of Control system. The decomposition rate of the second stage is controlled by concentration of substrate. Although the organic matter degradation rates were similar to all Runs, inoculation could reduce the values of the half velocity coefficient K \-m and could be more efficient to make the composting stable. Particularly, for Run C, the degradation rate is high in the first stage, and K \-m is low in the second stage. The results indicated that the inoculation was efficient for the composting processes.

SURFACE TENSION OF MOLTEN IF STEEL CONTAINING Ti AND ITS INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES WITH SOLID ALUMINA

Surface tension of molten IF steel containing Ti and contact angle between the liquid steel and solid alumina were measured with sessile droplet method under Ar gas atmosphere at 1500, 1575 and 1600°C. The results show that titanium decreases the surface tension of the molten IF steel and the contact angle. The interfacial tension between the molten IF steel containing Ti and solid alumina decreases with increase in titanium content. The work of adhesion between molten IF steel containing Ti and solid alumina decreases slightly at 1550°C, but increases at 1600°C with increasing titanium content. It can be deduced that fine bubbles and fine alumina inclusions are easily entrapped in solidifying interface for IF steel containing Ti.

APPLICATION OF UBIQUITOUS JOINT MODEL IN NUMERICAL MODELING OF HILLTOP MINES IN JAPAN

Numerical modeling of three cases(Fuka Mine,Okayama;Shouda Mine,Okayama;Tokiwa Mine,Fukushima)of mining in Japan using FLAC(fast Lagrangian analysis of continua)is introduced to evaluate the stability of hilltop excavation.Ubiquitous joint model is adopted to account for the presence of weak planes,such as weathering joints,bedding planes,in FLAC Mohr-Coulomb mode.By studying the distribution of stress,displacement and safety factor,the stability of excavation can be evaluated and new suggestions based on the numerical modeling process can be presented.Further consideration and methodology of the numerical modeling method are also discussed.

A coastal acoustic tomography experiment in the Tokyo Bay

Eight sets of coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems were deployed during November 29 to December 10, 2002 at the coasts on both sides of Tokyo Bay to measure tidal current structures at 15-min interval.Sound transmission across the Tokyo Bay (between Yokohama and Chiba)was successfully traced,even under severe interference from ship generated wakes and bubbles.Tidal current fields changing from northward to southward flow are well reconstructed by the inverse analysis of travel-time difference data for a period with the best sound transmission condition. It is suggested that the CAT is the most powerful tool to continuously map tidal current fields in the coastal seas with heavy shipping traffic and fisheries activity.

Stabilization effects of surplus soft clay with cement and GBF slag

Utilization of industrial waste and surplus construction soft clay as construction material was recommended, and many attempts at geotechnical waste utilization were undertaken. This study aimed at the application of cement and a kind of industrial wastes, i.e. granulated blast furnace slag, on stabilization of surplus soft clay. The results showed that the cement and slag can successfully stabilize Ariake clays even though this high organic clay fails to be stabilized by lime and cement. Addition of slag in cement for stabilization induces higher strength than cement alone for longer curing time. The application of the cement with slag is more suitable than cement alone for stabilization because of economical consideration.

Computation of Unsteady Flow Past a Biomimetic Fin

The unsteady hydrodynamics of a biomimetic fin attached to a cylindrical body has been studied numerically using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulator based on an in-house solver of the Navier-Stokes equations, combined with a recently developed multi-block, overset grid method. The fin-body CFD model is based on a mechanical pectoral fin device, which consists of a cylindrical body and an asymmetric fin and can mimic flapping, rowing and feathering motions of the pectoral fins in fishes. First the multi-block, overset grid method incorporated into the NS solver was verified through an extensive study of unsteady flows past a single fin undergoing rowing and feathering motion. Then unsteady flows past the biomimetic fin-body model undergoing the same motions were computed and compared with the measurements of forces of the mechanical pectoral fin, which shows good agreement in both time-varying and time-averaged hydrodynamic forces. The relationship between force generation and vortex dynamics points to the importance of the match in fin kinematics between power and recovery strokes and implies that an optimal selection of parameters of phase lags between and amplitudes of rowing and feathering motions can improve the performance of labriform propulsion in terms of either maximum force generation or minimum mechanical power.