A community-based friendly health clinic:An initiative adolescent reproductive health project in the rural and urban areas of Indonesia

Objective:This study aims to examine the effects of a community-based friendly health clinic(CFHC)program that adopts manual participatory learning(MPL)intervention on the adolescents living in the rural and urban areas of Indonesia to gain further insights into their knowledge,attitudes,and skills related to adolescent reproductive health(ARH).Methods:A quasi-experimental design was used to obtain information on the ARH knowledge,attitudes,and skills of adolescents.Two intervention studies that used similar protocols and measures were conducted.A total of 192 adolescents(96 adolescents from urban and rural areas)participated in the project,and the participants from each area were divided into eight groups.A questionairre was adopted to measure the ARH knowledge,attitudes,and skills of these participants.A content analysis of the logbook entries of these respondents was conducted to identify their ARH-related problems.The questionnairre and self-reported ARH data were collected before and after the eight-week program.Results:The CFHC program significantly increased the ARH attitudes(p=0.045)and skills(p=0.009)of adolescents in the rural area,but only improved the ARH knowledge(p<0.001)of adolescents in both rural and urban areas.Fourteen themes were identified in three dominant categories,namely,schools,families,and communities.Conclusions:The CFHC with MPL intervention can improve the ARH knowledge,attitudes,and skills of adolescents in the rural area,but can only improve the ARH knowledge of adolescents in the urban area.The ARH program must be designed based on the characterictics of these adolescents to improve their life skills during puberty.

School health promotion:A cross-sectional study on Clean and Healthy Living Program Behavior(CHLB)among Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

Objective:This study aims to identify the knowledge,attitude,and behavior of students using eight indicators of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior(CHLB)in relation to the health education and grade levels in Islamic Boarding Schools(IBS)in Jember regency,East Java Province,Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional school-based survey design was used.About 114 students(mean age of 13.17 years old)selected through a multi-stage random sampling completed a selfadministered questionnaire to measure the eight indicators of CHLB,such as washing hands with running water and soap,eating healthy snacks,using clean and healthy latrines,exercising regularly and measurably,eradicating mosquito larvae,not smoking at school,weighing and height measurement every 6 months,and disposing garbage properly.The data analyses included descriptive and comparative analyses of the difference in knowledge,attitude,and behavior toward CHLB by health education and grade level.Results:About 66.7% students received health education.Significant knowledge in CHLB in relation to health education and grade was observed(P<.05),including in-depth knowledge of exercises,measurable weight and height,smoking,and healthy latrines.Meanwhile,no significant difference was observed between the attitude toward CHLB and health education in different grade levels.Furthermore,CHLB was associated with health education,including habitual exercise and using of clean and healthy latrines.

Prevalence and associated factors of health problems among Indonesian farmers

Objective： This study examined the prevalence of health problems and their associated factors among Indonesian farmers.Methods： A cross-sectional study was conducted among 179 farmers who completed a self-administered questionnaire and physical examination. The data were analyzed using descriptive, comparative, and multinomial logistic regression analyses.Results： The prevalence of varying health problems was 28.5% underweight, 10.6% overweight, 62.6% anemia, and 50.3% joint and bone pain. These results showed that being older and drinking coffee increased the likelihood of being underweight, while having less than 30 min of recess per working period and working for more than 5 days per week decreased the likelihood of being overweight.Meanwhile, being a younger male and working for less than 5 days per week decreased the risk of anemia. Furthermore, older age and less than 30 min of recess per working period were associated with increased joint and bone pain.Conclusions： We recommend the provision of screening programs and health education programs,including dietary programs and physical and exercise programs, by the occupational health nursing（OHN） program, to prevent and reduce health problems in the agricultural sector.

Prevalence of underweight and overweight among school-aged children and it's association with children's sociodemographic and lifestyle in Indonesia

Objectives:Underweight remains a health problem among Indonesian children,and the incidence of overweight continuously increases.This study aims to determine factors associated with underweight and overweight in school-aged children in Indonesia.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional investigation on parents and children aged 6e13 years in elementary schools in Makassar,Indonesia.The participants included 877 children and their parents.Anthropometric data were obtained using standardized equipment,and sociodemographic and lifestyle data were determined using a questionnaire.The nutritional status of the children was assessed based on the child growth standard prescribed by the WHO.Results:The prevalence rates of underweight and overweight among the children were 14.5%and 20.4%,respectively.Underweight was more prevalent in boys.Factors such as mother's level of education,having an underweight father,and playing outdoors on weekends for more than 2 h were significantly associated with underweight children.By contrast,mothers with high levels of education,overweight parents,sleeping for less than 9 h,and playing outdoors on weekends for less than 1 h were significantly associated with overweight children.

Validation of the relationship consciousness of Japanese Patients with type 2 diabetes scale

Objectives:The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be improved for individuals by developing relationships with other patients with diabetes.We created the Relationship Consciousness of Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus scale to measure the relationship consciousness of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for other patients based on the Health Belief Model.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(n-289).Data were analyzed via exploratory factor analyses,reliability tests,concurrent validity.Results:The final scale obtained for the Relationship Consciousness of Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus scale comprised a six-factor structure with 36 items.All 36 items had a Cronbach'sαcoefficient of 0.893 and explained 59.38%of the total variance.The scale was significantly correlated with a related reciprocity consciousness scale.Conclusions:The Relationship Consciousness of Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus scale may be an important tool for nurses to assess the relationship consciousness of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.In addition,by understanding patients'relationship consciousness for others who share their disease,nurses can begin to recommend ways to establish relationships between patients that suit patients'particular relationship.consciousness levels and to provide better care in their clinical practice.