This paper lists difficult railway construction conditions that are typical for the northern areas of the Russian Far East.Permafrost-bound issues of railway and highway construction and operation are described.Some o...This paper lists difficult railway construction conditions that are typical for the northern areas of the Russian Far East.Permafrost-bound issues of railway and highway construction and operation are described.Some of the authors'developments for subgrade stabilization in the foregoing conditions are given as examples.展开更多
The goal of a predictive thermotechnical calculation is to model the behavior of the top permafrost boundary under current operational conditions as well as increasing average annual air temperatures that results in d...The goal of a predictive thermotechnical calculation is to model the behavior of the top permafrost boundary under current operational conditions as well as increasing average annual air temperatures that results in degradation of the permafrost layer. Numerical modeling was used to assess the efficient application of construction measures to create sustainable operation of the railroad. The numerical modeling was carried out in the programming complex FEM-models developed by geotechnical engineers of St. Petersburg, Russia under Prof. V. M. Ulitsky's guidance. The Termoground Program as a part of the FEM-models enables the research of freezing, heaving and thawing in different design solutions. Research was carried out in space resolution for a year cycle. The performed model has shown that the designing measures accepted for permafrost protection from retreat in the subrade support were generally effective.展开更多
This paper summarizes an analysis of consequences of railway subgrade construction and maintenance solutions in northern areas of the Russian Far East. An idea of the natural long-term stabilization of the subgrade-ba...This paper summarizes an analysis of consequences of railway subgrade construction and maintenance solutions in northern areas of the Russian Far East. An idea of the natural long-term stabilization of the subgrade-base geotechnical system is presented. Proposals to improve the decision-making of construction and engineering solutions are formulated.展开更多
In this study, in-situ testing results are given, and the analytical relationship of the vibrations' amplitudes inside an em- bankment by the thawing of the subgrade surface of seasonably deep frozen soils is provide...In this study, in-situ testing results are given, and the analytical relationship of the vibrations' amplitudes inside an em- bankment by the thawing of the subgrade surface of seasonably deep frozen soils is provided. The peculiarities of the vi- bration waves' propagation during the springtime thawing of soils compared to those during the summertime period and the correlation of the vibrations with the under-rail basement moduln~ nf ala^tieitv nro dofinod展开更多
The paper presents some methods of numerical modeling and a study of moisture changing in frozen clay soils considering rates of freezing in the base of construction.An impact assessment of moisture changes in clay so...The paper presents some methods of numerical modeling and a study of moisture changing in frozen clay soils considering rates of freezing in the base of construction.An impact assessment of moisture changes in clay soils affecting strength characteristics during thawing was carried out in stability tests.展开更多
The paper presents the results of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) application for the detection of ground ice. We com- bined a reflection traveltime curves analysis with a frequency spectrogram analysis. We found s...The paper presents the results of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) application for the detection of ground ice. We com- bined a reflection traveltime curves analysis with a frequency spectrogram analysis. We found special anomalies at specific traces in the traveltime curves and ground boundaries analysis, and obtained a ground model for subsurface structure which allows the ground ice layer to be identified and delineated.展开更多
The photorefractive properties of lithium niobate crystals depend strongly on the kind of doping admixture. Study of LiNbO3 crystals with various doping admixtures using photorefractive light scattering allows insight...The photorefractive properties of lithium niobate crystals depend strongly on the kind of doping admixture. Study of LiNbO3 crystals with various doping admixtures using photorefractive light scattering allows insight into the processes taking place in the crystals. This paper presents new experimental results of non-selective and selective photorefractive light scattering investigations into rhodium-doped lithium niobate crystals and proposes a model to explain the experimental data.展开更多
The paper presents some methods of numerical modelling and a study of moisture changing in frozen clay soils considering rates of freezing in the foundation. An impact assessment of moisture changes in clay soils affe...The paper presents some methods of numerical modelling and a study of moisture changing in frozen clay soils considering rates of freezing in the foundation. An impact assessment of moisture changes in clay soils affecting strength characteristics during thawing was carried out in stability tests.展开更多
We report on the novel heterometallic quaternary selenide EuCeCuSe3,the fabrication of which has been a challenge until this work.The structure of the reported selenide was elucidated from the powder X-ray diffraction...We report on the novel heterometallic quaternary selenide EuCeCuSe3,the fabrication of which has been a challenge until this work.The structure of the reported selenide was elucidated from the powder X-ray diffraction data,which revealed the formation of EuCeCuSe3with excellent yield(96.7%)accompanied with a minor fraction of CeSe2(3.3%),and was best solved in orthorhombic space group Pnma with the BaLaCuS3structural type.Thus,the crystal structure of the title compound completes the row of the heterometallic quaternary selenides EuRECuSe3(RE=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Y),of which the cerium-based derivative exclusively belongs to the BaLaCuS3structural type.The distortion of the CuSe4polyhedron was compared for the whole series of EuRECuSe3compounds using theτ4-descriptor for four coordinated ions,which revealed the highest degree of distortion for the Ce3+-containing selenide,followed by the La3+-based derivative.Furthermore,the crystallographic and geometrical parameters of the reported selenide were discussed in comparison to the Ce3+-based sulfides SrCeCuS3and EuCeCuS3.Ab initio calculations of the crystal structure,a phonon spectrum and elastic constants for the crystal of EuCeCuSe3were also performed.The types and wavenumbers of fundame ntal modes were determined and the involvement of ions participating in the phonon modes was assessed.The experimental IR spectrum of the reported selenide was interpreted and found to be in agreement with the calculated spectrum.The experimental direct band gap of EuCeCuSe3was measured to be 1.36 eV that is consistent with the concept of its origin due to interband transitions between orbitals emerging mainly from 4f(valence band)and 5d(conduction band)levels of the Eu2+cation.The dependence of the Young’s modulus on the direction demonstrates the anisotropy of the elastic properties,while the Vickers hardness for EuCeCuSe3was calculated to be 5.2 GPa.Finally,the title compound is paramagnetic above 4 K.展开更多
Phosphor-converted white LEDs rely on combining a blue-emitting InGaN chip with yellow and red-emitting luminescent materials.The discovery of cyan-emitting(470-500 nm)phosphors is a challenge to compensate for the sp...Phosphor-converted white LEDs rely on combining a blue-emitting InGaN chip with yellow and red-emitting luminescent materials.The discovery of cyan-emitting(470-500 nm)phosphors is a challenge to compensate for the spectral gap and produce full-spectrum white light.Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)Li_(3)SiO_(4):Eu^(2+)(NKLSO:Eu^(2+))phosphor was developed with impressive properties,providing cyan emission at 486 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum(FWHM)of only 20.7 nm,and good thermal stability with an integrated emission loss of only 7% at 150℃.The ultra-narrow-band cyan emission results from the high-symmetry cation sites,leading to almost ideal cubic coordination for UCr_(4)C_(4)-type compounds.NKLSO:Eu^(2+) phosphor allows the valley between the blue and yellow emission peaks in the white LED device to be filled,and the color-rendering index can be enhanced from 86 to 95.2,suggesting great applications in full-spectrum white LEDs.展开更多
Eu^2+/Eu^3+ mixed-valence couple co-doped material holds great potential for ratiometric temperature sensing owing to its different electronic configurations and electron-lattice interaction. Here, the correlation of ...Eu^2+/Eu^3+ mixed-valence couple co-doped material holds great potential for ratiometric temperature sensing owing to its different electronic configurations and electron-lattice interaction. Here, the correlation of nonstoichiometry in chemical composition, phase structures and luminescence propertis of Ca2 Al2 Si1-xO7:Eu is discussed, and controlled Eu^2+/Eu^3+ valence and tunable emission appear with decreasing Si content. It is found that the 2 Ca^2++ Si^4+←→ Eu^2++ Eu^3++ Al^3+ cosubstitution accounts for the structural stability and charge balance mechanism. Benefiting from the diverse thermal dependent emission behaviors of Eu^2+ and Eu^3+, Ca2 Al2 Si1-xO7:Eu thermometer exhibits excellent temperature sensing performances with the maximum absolute and relative sensitivity being 0.024 K-1(at 303 K) and 2.46% K-1(at 443 K) and good signal discriminability. We propose that the emission quenching of Eu^2+ is ascribed to 5 d electrons depopulation through Eu^2+/Eu^3+ intervalence charge transfer state, while the quenching of Eu^3+ comes from multiphonon relaxation. Our work demonstrates the potential of Ca2 Al2 Si1-xO7:Eu for noncontact optical thermometry, and also highlights mixed-valence europium-containing compounds toward temperature sensing.展开更多
The mechanochemical route is a facile and fast way and has received much attention for developing versatile advanced functional materials. Herein, we reported a mechanochemical synthesis for incorporating divalent man...The mechanochemical route is a facile and fast way and has received much attention for developing versatile advanced functional materials. Herein, we reported a mechanochemical synthesis for incorporating divalent manganese ions (Mn^Ⅱ) into a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskite (C4H9NH3)2PbCl4. The mild external stimuli originating from the grinding at room temperature enabled the formation of Mn^Ⅱ-doped 2D hybrid perovskites, and rapidly changed the luminescence characteristics. The photoluminescence analyses show that the violet and orange emissions are attributed to (C4H9NH3)2Pb1-xMnxCl4 band-edge emission and the T1→^6A1 transition of Mn^2+ resulting from an efficient energy transfer process, respectively. Site preference and distribution of the doped Mn^2+ cations on the locations of Pb^2+ were analyzed. The formation energy calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) indicates that the Mn^2+ ions can rapidly enter the crystal lattice due to the unique 2D crystal structure of the hybrid perovskite. Such a case of mechanochemical synthesis for the 2D hybrid perovskite motivates many novel emerging materials and the related applications.展开更多
Lead-free halide double perovskite Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6 )has become the research hotspot in the optoelectronic fields.It is a challenge to utilize the lattice doping by different lanthanide ions with rich and unique photol...Lead-free halide double perovskite Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6 )has become the research hotspot in the optoelectronic fields.It is a challenge to utilize the lattice doping by different lanthanide ions with rich and unique photoluminescence(PL)emissions for emerging photonic applications.Here,we successfully incorporated Dy^(3+),Sm^(3+),and Tb3+ions into Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6) nanocrystals(NCs)by the hot-injection method,bringing diverse PL emissions of yellowish,orange,and green light in Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6):Ln^(3+)(Ln^(3+)=Dy^(3+),Sm^(3+),Tb^(3+)).Moreover,benefiting from the energy transfer process,Sm^(3+)and Tb^(3+)ion-codoped Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6) NCs achieved tunable emission from green to yellow orange and a fluorescent pattern from the as-prepared NC-hexane inks by spray coating was made to show its potential application in fluorescent signs and anticounterfeiting technology.This work indicates that lanthanide ions could endow Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6) NCs the unique and tunable PL properties and stimulate the development of lead-free halide perovskite materials for new optoelectronic applications.展开更多
A double holmium-silver sulfate was obtained for the first time.The temperature intervals for the formation and stability of the compound were determined by differential scanning calorimetry.The crystal structure of A...A double holmium-silver sulfate was obtained for the first time.The temperature intervals for the formation and stability of the compound were determined by differential scanning calorimetry.The crystal structure of AgHo(SO_(4))_(2)was determined by Rietveld method.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis showed that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic syngony,space group P2_1/m,with the unit cell parameters a=4.71751(4)A,b=6.84940(6)A and c=9.89528(9)A,β=95.1466(4)·,V=318.448(5)A^(3),Z=2,R_B=1.55%,T=303 K.Two types of sulfate tetrahedra were found in the structure,which significantly affected the spectral properties in the infrared range.In the temperature range of 143-703 K,a negative thermal expansion along the b direction accompanied by a positive thermal expansion along the a and c directions was observed.It was established that negative thermal expansion is the result of the deformation of sulfate tetrahedra,which is affected by the movement of holmium and silver atoms.The excitation in the blue spectral range(457.9 nm)produces a luminescence in light blue(489 nm),green(545 nm)and red(654 nm)spectral ranges,and the latter two were of comparable intensity that is favorable for WLED sources.The observed luminescent band distribution is ascribed to the specific crystal field at Ho^(3+)ion sites rather than a variation of radiationless probability.展开更多
文摘This paper lists difficult railway construction conditions that are typical for the northern areas of the Russian Far East.Permafrost-bound issues of railway and highway construction and operation are described.Some of the authors'developments for subgrade stabilization in the foregoing conditions are given as examples.
文摘The goal of a predictive thermotechnical calculation is to model the behavior of the top permafrost boundary under current operational conditions as well as increasing average annual air temperatures that results in degradation of the permafrost layer. Numerical modeling was used to assess the efficient application of construction measures to create sustainable operation of the railroad. The numerical modeling was carried out in the programming complex FEM-models developed by geotechnical engineers of St. Petersburg, Russia under Prof. V. M. Ulitsky's guidance. The Termoground Program as a part of the FEM-models enables the research of freezing, heaving and thawing in different design solutions. Research was carried out in space resolution for a year cycle. The performed model has shown that the designing measures accepted for permafrost protection from retreat in the subrade support were generally effective.
文摘This paper summarizes an analysis of consequences of railway subgrade construction and maintenance solutions in northern areas of the Russian Far East. An idea of the natural long-term stabilization of the subgrade-base geotechnical system is presented. Proposals to improve the decision-making of construction and engineering solutions are formulated.
文摘In this study, in-situ testing results are given, and the analytical relationship of the vibrations' amplitudes inside an em- bankment by the thawing of the subgrade surface of seasonably deep frozen soils is provided. The peculiarities of the vi- bration waves' propagation during the springtime thawing of soils compared to those during the summertime period and the correlation of the vibrations with the under-rail basement moduln~ nf ala^tieitv nro dofinod
文摘The paper presents some methods of numerical modeling and a study of moisture changing in frozen clay soils considering rates of freezing in the base of construction.An impact assessment of moisture changes in clay soils affecting strength characteristics during thawing was carried out in stability tests.
文摘The paper presents the results of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) application for the detection of ground ice. We com- bined a reflection traveltime curves analysis with a frequency spectrogram analysis. We found special anomalies at specific traces in the traveltime curves and ground boundaries analysis, and obtained a ground model for subsurface structure which allows the ground ice layer to be identified and delineated.
文摘The photorefractive properties of lithium niobate crystals depend strongly on the kind of doping admixture. Study of LiNbO3 crystals with various doping admixtures using photorefractive light scattering allows insight into the processes taking place in the crystals. This paper presents new experimental results of non-selective and selective photorefractive light scattering investigations into rhodium-doped lithium niobate crystals and proposes a model to explain the experimental data.
文摘The paper presents some methods of numerical modelling and a study of moisture changing in frozen clay soils considering rates of freezing in the foundation. An impact assessment of moisture changes in clay soils affecting strength characteristics during thawing was carried out in stability tests.
基金Project supported by the Tyumen Oblast Government,as part of the West-Siberian Interregional Science and Education Center’s(89-DON(3))The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation project(No.FEUZ-2023-0017)。
文摘We report on the novel heterometallic quaternary selenide EuCeCuSe3,the fabrication of which has been a challenge until this work.The structure of the reported selenide was elucidated from the powder X-ray diffraction data,which revealed the formation of EuCeCuSe3with excellent yield(96.7%)accompanied with a minor fraction of CeSe2(3.3%),and was best solved in orthorhombic space group Pnma with the BaLaCuS3structural type.Thus,the crystal structure of the title compound completes the row of the heterometallic quaternary selenides EuRECuSe3(RE=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Y),of which the cerium-based derivative exclusively belongs to the BaLaCuS3structural type.The distortion of the CuSe4polyhedron was compared for the whole series of EuRECuSe3compounds using theτ4-descriptor for four coordinated ions,which revealed the highest degree of distortion for the Ce3+-containing selenide,followed by the La3+-based derivative.Furthermore,the crystallographic and geometrical parameters of the reported selenide were discussed in comparison to the Ce3+-based sulfides SrCeCuS3and EuCeCuS3.Ab initio calculations of the crystal structure,a phonon spectrum and elastic constants for the crystal of EuCeCuSe3were also performed.The types and wavenumbers of fundame ntal modes were determined and the involvement of ions participating in the phonon modes was assessed.The experimental IR spectrum of the reported selenide was interpreted and found to be in agreement with the calculated spectrum.The experimental direct band gap of EuCeCuSe3was measured to be 1.36 eV that is consistent with the concept of its origin due to interband transitions between orbitals emerging mainly from 4f(valence band)and 5d(conduction band)levels of the Eu2+cation.The dependence of the Young’s modulus on the direction demonstrates the anisotropy of the elastic properties,while the Vickers hardness for EuCeCuSe3was calculated to be 5.2 GPa.Finally,the title compound is paramagnetic above 4 K.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.51722202,51572023 and 91622125)Natural Science Foundations of Beijing(2172036)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-18-002C1)the Guangdong Provincial Science&Technology Project(No.2018A050506004)the support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Grant No.17-52-53031).
文摘Phosphor-converted white LEDs rely on combining a blue-emitting InGaN chip with yellow and red-emitting luminescent materials.The discovery of cyan-emitting(470-500 nm)phosphors is a challenge to compensate for the spectral gap and produce full-spectrum white light.Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)Li_(3)SiO_(4):Eu^(2+)(NKLSO:Eu^(2+))phosphor was developed with impressive properties,providing cyan emission at 486 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum(FWHM)of only 20.7 nm,and good thermal stability with an integrated emission loss of only 7% at 150℃.The ultra-narrow-band cyan emission results from the high-symmetry cation sites,leading to almost ideal cubic coordination for UCr_(4)C_(4)-type compounds.NKLSO:Eu^(2+) phosphor allows the valley between the blue and yellow emission peaks in the white LED device to be filled,and the color-rendering index can be enhanced from 86 to 95.2,suggesting great applications in full-spectrum white LEDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51722202, 51972118 and 51572023)the Guangdong Provincial Science & Technology Project (2018A050506004)Innovation Projects of Department of Education of Guangdong Province (2018KQNCX265)
文摘Eu^2+/Eu^3+ mixed-valence couple co-doped material holds great potential for ratiometric temperature sensing owing to its different electronic configurations and electron-lattice interaction. Here, the correlation of nonstoichiometry in chemical composition, phase structures and luminescence propertis of Ca2 Al2 Si1-xO7:Eu is discussed, and controlled Eu^2+/Eu^3+ valence and tunable emission appear with decreasing Si content. It is found that the 2 Ca^2++ Si^4+←→ Eu^2++ Eu^3++ Al^3+ cosubstitution accounts for the structural stability and charge balance mechanism. Benefiting from the diverse thermal dependent emission behaviors of Eu^2+ and Eu^3+, Ca2 Al2 Si1-xO7:Eu thermometer exhibits excellent temperature sensing performances with the maximum absolute and relative sensitivity being 0.024 K-1(at 303 K) and 2.46% K-1(at 443 K) and good signal discriminability. We propose that the emission quenching of Eu^2+ is ascribed to 5 d electrons depopulation through Eu^2+/Eu^3+ intervalence charge transfer state, while the quenching of Eu^3+ comes from multiphonon relaxation. Our work demonstrates the potential of Ca2 Al2 Si1-xO7:Eu for noncontact optical thermometry, and also highlights mixed-valence europium-containing compounds toward temperature sensing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91622125, 51722202 and 51572023)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (2172036)the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (17-52-53031)
文摘The mechanochemical route is a facile and fast way and has received much attention for developing versatile advanced functional materials. Herein, we reported a mechanochemical synthesis for incorporating divalent manganese ions (Mn^Ⅱ) into a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskite (C4H9NH3)2PbCl4. The mild external stimuli originating from the grinding at room temperature enabled the formation of Mn^Ⅱ-doped 2D hybrid perovskites, and rapidly changed the luminescence characteristics. The photoluminescence analyses show that the violet and orange emissions are attributed to (C4H9NH3)2Pb1-xMnxCl4 band-edge emission and the T1→^6A1 transition of Mn^2+ resulting from an efficient energy transfer process, respectively. Site preference and distribution of the doped Mn^2+ cations on the locations of Pb^2+ were analyzed. The formation energy calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) indicates that the Mn^2+ ions can rapidly enter the crystal lattice due to the unique 2D crystal structure of the hybrid perovskite. Such a case of mechanochemical synthesis for the 2D hybrid perovskite motivates many novel emerging materials and the related applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 51961145101 and 51972118)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number FRFTP-18-002C1)+2 种基金the Guangzhou Science&Technology Project(202007020005)the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(grant number 2017BT01X137)This work was also funded by RFBR according to the research project no.19-52-80003.
文摘Lead-free halide double perovskite Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6 )has become the research hotspot in the optoelectronic fields.It is a challenge to utilize the lattice doping by different lanthanide ions with rich and unique photoluminescence(PL)emissions for emerging photonic applications.Here,we successfully incorporated Dy^(3+),Sm^(3+),and Tb3+ions into Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6) nanocrystals(NCs)by the hot-injection method,bringing diverse PL emissions of yellowish,orange,and green light in Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6):Ln^(3+)(Ln^(3+)=Dy^(3+),Sm^(3+),Tb^(3+)).Moreover,benefiting from the energy transfer process,Sm^(3+)and Tb^(3+)ion-codoped Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6) NCs achieved tunable emission from green to yellow orange and a fluorescent pattern from the as-prepared NC-hexane inks by spray coating was made to show its potential application in fluorescent signs and anticounterfeiting technology.This work indicates that lanthanide ions could endow Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6) NCs the unique and tunable PL properties and stimulate the development of lead-free halide perovskite materials for new optoelectronic applications.
基金the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Nos.18-02-00754 and 18-32-20011)the National Scientific Foundations of China(No.11974360)+1 种基金the Russian Science Foundation(No.19-42-02003,in the part of conceptualization)Basic Project of the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation in part of XRD,luminescent and Raman studies。
文摘A double holmium-silver sulfate was obtained for the first time.The temperature intervals for the formation and stability of the compound were determined by differential scanning calorimetry.The crystal structure of AgHo(SO_(4))_(2)was determined by Rietveld method.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis showed that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic syngony,space group P2_1/m,with the unit cell parameters a=4.71751(4)A,b=6.84940(6)A and c=9.89528(9)A,β=95.1466(4)·,V=318.448(5)A^(3),Z=2,R_B=1.55%,T=303 K.Two types of sulfate tetrahedra were found in the structure,which significantly affected the spectral properties in the infrared range.In the temperature range of 143-703 K,a negative thermal expansion along the b direction accompanied by a positive thermal expansion along the a and c directions was observed.It was established that negative thermal expansion is the result of the deformation of sulfate tetrahedra,which is affected by the movement of holmium and silver atoms.The excitation in the blue spectral range(457.9 nm)produces a luminescence in light blue(489 nm),green(545 nm)and red(654 nm)spectral ranges,and the latter two were of comparable intensity that is favorable for WLED sources.The observed luminescent band distribution is ascribed to the specific crystal field at Ho^(3+)ion sites rather than a variation of radiationless probability.