The use of good practices (GP) can improve the technical quality and, as a consequence, the outcome of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process, increasing its effectiveness. This study aimed to present GP...The use of good practices (GP) can improve the technical quality and, as a consequence, the outcome of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process, increasing its effectiveness. This study aimed to present GP pointed out by Brazilian practitioners (members of the SEA development teams) from the perspective afforded by their participation in processes of this tool. The data were collected through personal interviews with 11 professionals responsible for preparing a total of 17 SEAs, who were asked about what measures adopted in the SEA could be considered BP. The responses were audio-recorded, transcribed, and had their content assessed by Content Analysis technique. Nine GP were highlighted by practitioners. The GP indicated represent a valuable contribution to the improvement of future use of SEA, either in Brazil or in other countries, because they are the result of consolidated experience in real cases of application of the tool.展开更多
INTRODUCTION:Ensuring food safety is a challenge for developed and developing countries and depends on the combined efforts of government,regulators,academia,consumers,food producers,and suppliers.OBJECTIVE:In this wo...INTRODUCTION:Ensuring food safety is a challenge for developed and developing countries and depends on the combined efforts of government,regulators,academia,consumers,food producers,and suppliers.OBJECTIVE:In this work,an overview of the main regulatory aspects related to chemical hazards in the Brazilian food and beverage industry is presented.The presence of contaminants,food additives,and residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs,including current regulations and their impacts on the safety and quality of locally produced foods,are discussed.BACKGROUND:In Brazil,the assessment,management,and communication of human health risks in food and beverage are the joint responsibility of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture,Livestock and Food Supply,which enforce the international regulations established mainly by the Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Commission,and the US Food and Drug Administration.CONCLUSIONS:Constant updates of the national legislation following internationally recognized standards,the intensification of the existing monitoring plans and efficient actions of sanitary surveillance,major investments in scientific research,and a greater awareness among the food producers may contribute to the safety and quality of the food produced in Brazil.展开更多
Polyether ether ketone(PEEK)is a high-performance thermoplastic,which is often selected for high-temperature tribological applications under chemically aggressive environments.The present work investigates the tribolo...Polyether ether ketone(PEEK)is a high-performance thermoplastic,which is often selected for high-temperature tribological applications under chemically aggressive environments.The present work investigates the tribological behavior of a high-performance PEEK composite under conditions that are often found inside hermetic compressors.Therefore,an AMTI tribometer equipped with a hermetic chamber and a heating system was used to conduct sliding tests of PEEK cylinders on AISI 304 stainless steel polished discs(S_(q)<10 nm)with reciprocating movement and a normal force of 175 N.The tribological behavior of the PEEK/AISI 304 stainless steel system was investigated as a function of ambient temperature(30℃ and 80℃)and atmosphere(atmospheric air and tetrafluoroethane).Wear and surface roughness analyses were performed with white light interferometry and optical microscopy.Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate transfer films on the counter body surface.Temperature was observed to have a strong influence on the tribological behavior of the samples tested under atmospheric air,with a 25%decrease in the friction coefficient associated with a 100%increase in the wear rate.However,the friction measured from the samples tested under a tetrafluoroethane atmosphere showed no significant temperature dependence.展开更多
Objectives:In this work the current policies and regulatory actions of the government agencies in Brazil for ensuring nutritional quality are discussed.Material and methods:Information on the efforts of industry,acade...Objectives:In this work the current policies and regulatory actions of the government agencies in Brazil for ensuring nutritional quality are discussed.Material and methods:Information on the efforts of industry,academia and nongovernmental organizations to achieve the proposed goals,the results achieved and the challenges that must still be faced by the different sectors of the Brazilian society are presented and discussed.Results:The joint action of regulatory agencies,the food production sector,non-governmental entities and academia resulted in the reduction of saturated and trans fats,salt and sugar in foods produced in Brazil.Limitations:Most of the information related to the food industries in Brazil is made available by ABIA(Brazilian Association of Food Industries)which represents around 60%of the food market in Brazil.Information regarding the rest of the market is limited.Conclusions:The reduction of saturated and‘trans’fats,sodium,and sugar in industrialized foods seems an effective strategy for reducing the intake of these compounds by the Brazilian population.In addition the adequate nutrition labeling and consumer education will allow healthier food choices by the population.展开更多
文摘The use of good practices (GP) can improve the technical quality and, as a consequence, the outcome of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process, increasing its effectiveness. This study aimed to present GP pointed out by Brazilian practitioners (members of the SEA development teams) from the perspective afforded by their participation in processes of this tool. The data were collected through personal interviews with 11 professionals responsible for preparing a total of 17 SEAs, who were asked about what measures adopted in the SEA could be considered BP. The responses were audio-recorded, transcribed, and had their content assessed by Content Analysis technique. Nine GP were highlighted by practitioners. The GP indicated represent a valuable contribution to the improvement of future use of SEA, either in Brazil or in other countries, because they are the result of consolidated experience in real cases of application of the tool.
文摘INTRODUCTION:Ensuring food safety is a challenge for developed and developing countries and depends on the combined efforts of government,regulators,academia,consumers,food producers,and suppliers.OBJECTIVE:In this work,an overview of the main regulatory aspects related to chemical hazards in the Brazilian food and beverage industry is presented.The presence of contaminants,food additives,and residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs,including current regulations and their impacts on the safety and quality of locally produced foods,are discussed.BACKGROUND:In Brazil,the assessment,management,and communication of human health risks in food and beverage are the joint responsibility of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture,Livestock and Food Supply,which enforce the international regulations established mainly by the Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Commission,and the US Food and Drug Administration.CONCLUSIONS:Constant updates of the national legislation following internationally recognized standards,the intensification of the existing monitoring plans and efficient actions of sanitary surveillance,major investments in scientific research,and a greater awareness among the food producers may contribute to the safety and quality of the food produced in Brazil.
文摘Polyether ether ketone(PEEK)is a high-performance thermoplastic,which is often selected for high-temperature tribological applications under chemically aggressive environments.The present work investigates the tribological behavior of a high-performance PEEK composite under conditions that are often found inside hermetic compressors.Therefore,an AMTI tribometer equipped with a hermetic chamber and a heating system was used to conduct sliding tests of PEEK cylinders on AISI 304 stainless steel polished discs(S_(q)<10 nm)with reciprocating movement and a normal force of 175 N.The tribological behavior of the PEEK/AISI 304 stainless steel system was investigated as a function of ambient temperature(30℃ and 80℃)and atmosphere(atmospheric air and tetrafluoroethane).Wear and surface roughness analyses were performed with white light interferometry and optical microscopy.Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate transfer films on the counter body surface.Temperature was observed to have a strong influence on the tribological behavior of the samples tested under atmospheric air,with a 25%decrease in the friction coefficient associated with a 100%increase in the wear rate.However,the friction measured from the samples tested under a tetrafluoroethane atmosphere showed no significant temperature dependence.
文摘Objectives:In this work the current policies and regulatory actions of the government agencies in Brazil for ensuring nutritional quality are discussed.Material and methods:Information on the efforts of industry,academia and nongovernmental organizations to achieve the proposed goals,the results achieved and the challenges that must still be faced by the different sectors of the Brazilian society are presented and discussed.Results:The joint action of regulatory agencies,the food production sector,non-governmental entities and academia resulted in the reduction of saturated and trans fats,salt and sugar in foods produced in Brazil.Limitations:Most of the information related to the food industries in Brazil is made available by ABIA(Brazilian Association of Food Industries)which represents around 60%of the food market in Brazil.Information regarding the rest of the market is limited.Conclusions:The reduction of saturated and‘trans’fats,sodium,and sugar in industrialized foods seems an effective strategy for reducing the intake of these compounds by the Brazilian population.In addition the adequate nutrition labeling and consumer education will allow healthier food choices by the population.
