Validity of long-term and short-term recall of occupational sitting time in Finnish and Chinese office workers

Background:As sedentary behavior is a global health issue,there is a need for methods of self-reported sitting assessment.The accuracy and reliability of these methods should also be tested in various populations and different cultural contexts.This study examined the validity of longterm and short-term recall of occupational sitting time in Finnish and Chinese subgroups.Methods:Two cohort groups of office-based workers(58.6%female,age range 22
67 years)participated:a Finnish group(FIN,n=34)and a Chinese group(CHI,n=36).Long-term(past 3-month sitting)and short-term(daily sitting assessed on 5 consecutive days)single-item measures were used to assess self-reported occupational sitting time.Values from each participant were compared to objectively measured occupational sitting time assessed via thigh-mounted accelerometers,with Spearman’s rho(r)used to assess validity and the Bland-Altman method used to evaluate agreement.Coefficients of variation depicted day-to-day variability of time spent on sitting at work.Results:In the total study sample,the results showed that both long-term and short-term recall correlated with accelerometer-derived sitting time(r=0.532,95%confidence intervals(CI):0.336
0.684,p<0.001;r=0.533,95%CI:0.449
0.607,p<0.001,respectively).Compared to objectively measured sitting time,self-reported occupational sitting time was 2.4%(95%CI:
0.5%to 5.3%,p=0.091)and 2.2%(95%CI:0.7%
3.6%,p=0.005)greater for long-term and short-term recall,respectively.The agreement level was within the range
21.2%to 25.9%for long-term recall,and
24.2%to 28.5%for short-term recall.During a 5-day work week,day-to-day variation of sitting time was 9.4%§11.4%according to short-term recall and 10.4%§8.4%according to accelerometry-derived occupational sitting time.Conclusion:Overall,both long-term and short-term self-reported instruments provide acceptable measures of occupational sitting time in an office-based workplace,but their utility at the individual level is limited due to large variability.

Psychological flexibility, occupational burnout and eating behavior among working women

Background: Occupational burnout is associated with diminished psychological flexibility and higher emotional (EE) and uncontrolled eating (UE). Psychological flexibility could be a mediating factor between burnout and eating behaviour. Objectives: To investigate differences in eating behaviour between those with different levels of psychological flexibility, and the association of the interaction between psychological flexibility and occupational burnout with eating behaviour. Design: The participants were working women (n = 263), who took part in the randomized controlled health intervention trial. Analyses were performed in a cross-sectional setting at baseline. Methods: Eating behaviour was measured using the Three Factor Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-18 [which evaluates EE, UE and cognitive restraint (CR)], psychological flexibility using Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II and occupational burnout using Bergen Burnout Indicator-15. Participants were divided into four groups based on the quartile points of psychological flexibility. Results: The EE of those who were inflexible was higher than that of those whose flexibility was high moderate (p = 0.013) and who were flexible (p = 0.001). The UE of those who were inflexible was higher than the UE in the other groups with higher flexibility [low moderate (p = 0.034), high moderate (p een occupational burnout and EE and UE. Multivariate analysis of variances revealed that the combination of psychological flexibility and burnout had a stronger association with the variances of EE and UE than psychological flexibility alone. Conclusions: Persons who are psychologically inflexible have higher EE and UE. Future studies should investigate if increasing psychological flexibility helps decrease EE and UE.

Risk Evaluation of Workers Exposure to Magnetic Fields in Indoor Distribution Substations

Due to possible health effects of electric and magnetic fields, a directive on minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields has been disposed by European Parliament and Council regarding the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields. This legislation will be nationally implemented in 2012.The aim of this work was to develop a electromagnetic field exposure measurement method and further a magnetic field hazard evaluation method for exposure of workers in indoor medium to low voltage （MV/LV） distribution substations. Magnetic field exposure was also reflected with BS 8800 general risk classification procedure to accomplish specifications to execute magnetic field measurements and carry our risk assessment procedure for working tasks. The risk assessment procedure is based on magnetic field exposure measurements and dosimetric FEM calculations founded on EU Directive 2004/40/EC. According to field measurements action values were exceeded in several working tasks but limit values were not exceeded.

个体特征和常见疾病与中老年职工工作能力的关系

为了揭示中老年职工工作能力的影响因素 ,采用病例对照研究方法和危险度分析技术 ,对个体特征、常见疾病与中老年职工工作能力间的关系作了分析研究。结果发现 ,个体特征和疾病与中老年职工工作能力减退有密切关系。非正常婚姻 (OR=2 .5 9)和吸烟 (OR=1.99)表现为工作能力减退的危险因素 ,受教育程度高 (0 .49)和身体锻炼 (OR=0 .78)为保护因素。患有慢性疾病者工作能力减退的危险度明显增加 ,其中以神经感觉系统疾病的相对危险度最高 ,肌肉骨骼疾病、呼吸系统疾病、精神疾病也具有较高的相对危险度。

乙二醛引发的职业性接触性变态反应

Glyoxal is a dialdehyde that is used as a disinfectant in health care and dentistry work. Allergic contact dermatitis from glyoxal has been described in these occupations. We analysed our patient data from 1998 to 2004 for allergic reactions to glyoxal. 20 patients had allergic reactions to glyoxal on patch testing. 5 of these patients worked in dentistry and 4 of them had present exposure to glyoxal. 9 patients were machinists without obvious exposure to glyoxal. A grinder with work-related facial dermatitis is described in detail. The chemical analysis of air samples from his workplace revealed 9.4-21 μg/m3 glyoxal. Glyoxal was also present in the used metal-working fluid, and apparently it had been formed during grinding. The remaining 6 patients worked in miscellaneous occupations and had no present exposure to glyoxal. Glyoxal is irritant on patch testing. Especially, solitary reactions to glyoxal 10%in aq. may be false-positive irritant reactions. 9 (45%) of our patients reacted to formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. Glyoxal is an important allergen in dentistry and medical care, and we recommend it to be added to the antimicrobial patch test series. It also seems to be a ‘hidden’allergen in the metal industry.

香菇引发的职业性蛋白接触性皮炎及香菇特异性免疫球蛋白E的证实

Shiitake are popular edible mushrooms all over the world, and eating raw shiitake may lead to relatively common ‘ shiitake dermatitis’ or toxicodermia. Workers involved in shiitake cultivation and marketing have distinct occupational respiratory and skin diseases unrelated to ‘ shiitake dermatitis’ . There are no previous reports of protein contact dermatitis (PCD) from shiitake, and there is only 1 report of shiitake- specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E.We report 2 shiitake growers who developed work- related eczematous eruption on their hands. Both of the patients had small prick test reactions to fresh shiitake, and specific IgE to shiitake was detected in their sera by immunospot. One of the patients had a large prick test reaction to dry shiitake and also a positive wheal reaction to fresh shiitake in an open application test. Neither of the patients had noticed any symptoms of contact urticaria at work. Both of the patients had immediate IgE- mediated allergy to shiitake, and the diagnosis of occupational PCD was made. There are no commercial in vitro tests for shiitake- specific IgE. Tests for immediate allergy are important when shiitake contact dermatitis is investigated.

刺痛试验阳性患者发生洗必泰速发过敏的症状

There are numerous reports of anaphylaxis from chlorhexidine in surgical operations and other medical procedures, usually due to its application to wounds or mucous membranes. We wanted to analyse the clinical data of patients with a positive chlorhexidine prick test and perform some additional testing. We studied the case records of the patients with a positive chlorhexidine prick test and performed an open application test and tests for specific IgE.We found 33 patients with a positive prick test. 10 of them had had severe symptoms from chlorhexidine, and 11 had had only mild local symptoms. The size of the prick test reaction was mainly in line with the strength of the severest symptoms. Small 3-to 4-mm reactions were usually without obvious clinical relevance. Specific IgE could be demonstrated in 6 patients out of 14 tested by the ImmunoCAP(tm) method. Besides severe attacks, patients with a positive prick test often have milder local symptoms, such as exacerbation of dermatitis. Local symptoms from chlorhexidine-containing products may precede severe attacks. We recommend a prick test to be performed routinelywhen symptoms duringmedical interventional procedures, e.g. local and general anaesthesia, are investigated.

建筑油漆工手部皮炎的化学暴露和症状

Studies on the prevalence of hand dermatitis in construction painting are rare. Our aim was to study the painters’chemical exposure and the prevalence of self-reported skin symptoms on hands and forearms. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 1000 Finnish male construction painters and 1000 carpenters (response rates 60.6%and 60.4%, respectively). We used 2 definitions for symptom-based hand dermatitis (liberal ≥2 symptoms and strict criteria ≥3) and logistic regression analysis, adjusted with age and atopy. Painters reported more symptoms of hand dermatitis than carpenters (12-month prevalence 22.5%and 14.2%, P < 0.05; strict criteria 13.3%and 6.4%, P < 0.05). A dose-response relationship was found for reporting symptoms and exposure to several solvent-based (SB) and water-based (WB) products. When exposure was combined into 1 variable, daily use of SB epoxy/urethane paints (OR 5.3, 95%CI 2.2-12.9; strict criteria 6.8, 2.3-19.9) and WB putties/plasters (1.9, 1.2-3.0; strict criteria 2.0, 1.1-3.9) were associated with hand dermatitis, whereas using only WB paints was not a risk factor. In conclusion, painters reported significantly more symptoms of hand dermatitis than carpenters. Putties/plasters emerged as a risk factor for dermatitis in construction painting.

Changes in family situation and concurrent changes in working life:a 15-year longitudinal analysis

Objective Currently,little is known regarding changes in family situation with concurrent changes in working life.This study aimed to examine whether changes in family situation(based on living with children and/or marrying/divorcing)were associated with changes in working life and whether the associations were influenced by sex,genetics and early life environment.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting and participants Data from Swedish national registers of 16410 twins were used.Fixed-effects logistic regression models assessing ORs with 95%CIs were applied to examine associations between changes in family situation and working life controlling for time-invariant effects and adjusted for covariates,and conditional models to account for confounding of genetics and early life environment.Results Changes in individuals life situation from being single and living without children to married and living with children were associated with transitioning from unsustainable(ie,having unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension)to sustainable working life(men:OR 2.40,95%CI 2.26 to 2.56;women:OR 1.68,95%CI 1.59 to 1.78).Changes from being married to single,in contrast,attenuated the likelihood of transitioning to a sustainable working life.Moreover,changes in men’s working life seem to be more dependent on changes in family situation compared with women.Genetic factors and early life environment play a role in the associations.Conclusions Family formation increases the likelihood of a more stable working life whereas divorce is a risk factor for work interruptions.Our study emphasises that family formation improves the work life situation and to a higher degree for men.

退休对主要的慢性疾病和疲劳的影响：法国职业相关队列研究（GAZEL研究）

目的 应用纵向分析确定退休是否会改变新发慢性疾病、抑郁症状和疲劳的危险性。 设计 对退休前后各7年进行重复评估的前瞻性研究。 地点1989年至2007年间法国大型职业相关的队列研究（GAZEI。研究）。