Epigenetic modifications of placenta in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a pregnancy-related complication characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women and has an important impact on fetal development.As a bridge between the mother and the fetus,the placenta has nutrient transport functions,endocrine functions,etc.,and can regulate placental nutrient transport and fetal growth and development according to maternal metabolic status.Only by means of placental transmission can changes in maternal hyperglycemia affect the fetus.There are many reports on the placental pathophysiological changes associated with GDM,the impacts of GDM on the growth and development of offspring,and the prevalence of GDM in offspring after birth.Placental epigenetic changes in GDM are involved in the programming of fetal development and are involved in the pathogenesis of later chronic diseases.This paper summarizes the effects of changes in placental nutrient transport function and hormone secretion levels due to maternal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on the development of offspring as well as the participation of changes in placental epigenetic modifications due to maternal hyperglycemia in intrauterine fetal programming to promote a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of placental epigenetic modifications on the development of offspring from patients with GDM.

The Application Progress of Skin Imaging Technology in Psoriasis

Skin imaging technologies such as dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasound, reflective confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are developing rapidly in clinical application. Skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate, and its non-invasiveness and repeatability make it occupy an irreplaceable position in clinical diagnosis. With the “booming development” of medical technology, skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate. Researchers have made significant advances in assisting clinical diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of disease. This article reviews the application and progress of skin imaging in the diagnosis of psoriasis.

The Pathogenesis and Treatment Progress of Androgenic Alopecia

Androgenic alopecia, also known as seborrheic alopecia, is the most common hair loss disorder in dermatology clinics, mainly characterized by hair follicle miniaturization and progressive hair loss. The etiology and pathogenesis of androgenic alopecia are not clear, but may be related to heredity and androgen metabolism. Currently, minoxidil and finasteride are the only two drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for AGA treatment, other treatments include oral minoxidil, hair transplantation, low energy laser therapy (LLLT), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Chinese medicine microneedles, and combination therapy. With the development of medicine and science, we have ushered in the era of biologics and targeted therapy. In recent years, a variety of signaling pathways for androgenic alopecia have been found, which may provide a basis for targeted therapy for androgenic alopecia.

Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Chronic Periodontitis

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and destructive disease of periodontal support tissue caused by microorganisms in dental plaque. During the development of periodontal disease, host immune regulation plays an important role, and unnecessary excessive immune regulation often exacerbates the course of chronic periodontal disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with self replication ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. Many studies have found that MSCs have strong immunosuppressive effects on both adaptive and innate immunity. In recent years, literature has reported that MSCs are involved in the immune regulatory effect of chronic periodontal disease, inhibiting its inflammatory response and alveolar bone resorption, but the specific regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. This article reviews the current research status of the immune regulatory effects of MSCs on chronic periodontitis.

The Application of Bilayer Artificial Dermis Combined with VSD Technology in Chronic Wounds

Background: Bilayer artificial dermis promotes wound healing and offers a treatment option for chronic wounds. Aim: Examine the clinical efficacy of bilayer artificial dermis combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) technology in the treatment of chronic wounds. Method: From June 2021 to December 2023, our hospital treated 24 patients with chronic skin tissue wounds on their limbs using a novel tissue engineering product, the bilayer artificial dermis, in combination with VSD technology to repair the wounds. The bilayer artificial dermis protects subcutaneous tissue, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and tendons, and also promotes the growth of granulation tissue and blood vessels to aid in wound healing when used in conjunction with VSD technology for wound dressing changes in chronic wounds. Results: In this study, 24 cases of chronic wounds with exposed bone or tendon larger than 1.0 cm2 were treated with a bilayer artificial skin combined with VSD dressing after wound debridement. The wounds were not suitable for immediate skin grafting. At 2 - 3 weeks post-treatment, good granulation tissue growth was observed. Subsequent procedures included thick skin grafting or wound dressing changes until complete wound healing. Patients were followed up on average for 3 months (range: 1 - 12 months) post-surgery. Comparative analysis of the appearance, function, skin color, elasticity, and sensation of the healed chronic wounds revealed superior outcomes compared to traditional skin fl repairs, resulting in significantly higher satisfaction levels among patients and their families. Conclusion: The application of bilayer artificial dermis combined with VSD technology for the repair of chronic wounds proves to be a viable method, yielding satisfactory therapeutic effects compared to traditional skin flap procedures.

Progress in the Treatment of DME

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and an important cause of vision loss. The pathogenesis of DME is complex and can occur at any time of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Effective methods of treating DME are essential to prevent irreversible damage to visual function. To date, laser photocoagulation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, and corticosteroids have demonstrated their therapeutic efficacy in large randomized controlled trials and real-life observational studies. Clinicians need to consider various factors, such as efficacy, safety, accessibility, and cost, in the selection of various options. This review summarizes the current therapeutic approaches for DME to provide new references for the treatment of DM.

The Mechanism of Celastrol in the Treatment of Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma Revealed by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Background: Celastrol is an active ingredient extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which can restrain the progression of lung cancer, whereas its underlying mechanism is unclear. In our study, the underlying mechanism of celastrol in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with metastasis was investigated by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Method: Potential targets of celastrol were collected from TCMSP, Batman-TCM and GeneCard database, and its potential targets were predicted using the STP platform and the TargetNet server. Metastasis marker genes (MGs) were obtained from the HCMDB. The genes correlated with LUAD were gathered from the GeneCard and OMIM database. And the common targets among celastrol potential targets, MGs and LUAD were analyzed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were obtained from the STRING database. SangerBox and the Xiantao bioinformatics tool were applied to visualize GO and KEGG analysis. Molecular docking tested the binding affinity between celastrol and core genes. Result: A total of 107 targets of celastrol against metastasis LUAD were obtained. The core targets were obtained from the PPI network, namely AKT1, JUN, MYC, STAT3, IL6, TNF, NFKB1, BCL2, IL1B, and HIF1A. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated celastrol for the treatment of metastasis LUAD most refers to cellular response to chemical stress, DNA-binding transcription factor binding, transcription regulator complex and pathways in cancer. And some of these targets are associated with differential expressions and survival rates in LUAD. Moreover, Molecular docking shows celastrol can bind with BCL2 well by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. Conclusion: This finding roundly expounded the core genes and potential mechanisms of celastrol for the treatment of metastasis LUAD, offering the theoretical basis and antitumor mechanism of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer.

The Role of Abdominal CT in the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Gastric Lavage after Pesticide Poisoning

Pesticide poisoning is one of the most common diseases in the emergency department, characterized by rapid changes in condition, a high misdiagnosis rate, and a poor prognosis. Measures for early removal of poisons are crucial, and gastric lavage is one of the important measures. Regarding the post-gastric lavage effect, abdominal CT scanning has an important application value in the assessment of the gastric lavage effect after pesticide poisoning.

Current Research Status of MicroRNAs in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most invasive type of oral malignant tumor, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Its pathogenesis is complex and has a high degree of malignancy. Recurrence and metastasis often lead to poor prognosis. MicroRNAs are a type of single stranded small molecule RNA with only 18 - 25 nucleotides, which can regulate the expression of various genes and participate in the occurrence and development of tumors. Studies have found that microRNA expression profiling can serve as a reliable and stable biological indicator for early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. This article provides a review of the research status of MicroRNAs in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Superficial Serrated Adenoma (SuSA): A New Subtype of Serrated Lesions

Superficial serrated adenoma (SuSA) is a new subtype of serrated lesions proposed in recent years, most of which are located in the sigmoid colon or rectum, with typical mixed adenoma and serrated pathological features, and its molecular features are high frequency of KRAS mutation and RSPO fusion or overexpression. At present, it is believed that SuSA has two subtypes: traditional serrated adenoma (TSA)-associated SuSA and isolated SuSA. Solitary SuSA showed faded pedicle-free protuberant lesions under endoscope and lobulated, pp (pit pattern) classification was type II and type IIIH, TSA-associated SuSA showed double-layer eminence, SuSA part showed white flat eminence, pp classification showed type II and IIIH, TSA part showed red tone high eminence, pp was IVH type. SuSA can develop into colorectal cancer through the evolution of TSA, and it can also directly develop into MSS colorectal cancer. In view of the superficial understanding of SuSA and the lack of a complete description of SuSA, this paper review the research progress of SuSA at home and abroad from the origin, endoscope features, histopathological features, molecular biology, differential diagnosis and treatment of SuSA, in order to better promote the understanding and clinical diagnosis of lesions.

Research Progress of Intestinal Flora in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer, as a common malignant tumor, has been increasing in incidence year by year and has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Meanwhile, researchers have found a close relationship between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer, which has further triggered indepth exploration of the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Studies have shown that there are specific microbial changes in colorectal cancer tissues, including enrichment or depletion of certain bacterial species, which may be associated with tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, gut microbiota has been found to be closely linked to tumor microenvironment, tumor immune response, chemotherapy drug metabolism, and other factors. In this context, it is imperative to study the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer is not only helpful in revealing novel mechanisms of colorectal cancer development, but also holds promise in providing new strategies and targets for early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and prevention of colorectal cancer. This review aims to thoroughly discuss the research progress of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, including its compositional characteristics, its role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, and its potential clinical applications. The goal is to provide references and insights for further research in this field.

A Retrospective Analysis of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the variations in clinical indices before and after treatment of type 2 mellitus (T2DM) combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that were treated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). Methods: The electronic medical record system was utilized to search for a total of 16 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by NAFLD who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from October 2022 to April 2023 and treated with GLP-1RA for the first time. The clinical indices were compared before and after 12 weeks of treatment with GLP-1RA. Results: The liver-spleen CT ratio (L/S), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in all patients treated with GLP-1RA after 12 weeks were significantly different (P 0.05). The patients were categorized into two groups based on the types of GLP-1RAs. The changes in L/S, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the long-acting group after treatment were statistically significant (P Conclusions: GLP-1RAs can improve liver function, regulate lipid metabolism, and reduce the severity of fatty liver in patients with T2DM complicated by NAFLD, which demonstrates the importance of clinical applications.

Progress in the Use of Glucocorticoids and Biological Agents in Non-Infectious Uveitis

One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.

Castleman Disease with Retroperitoneal Invasion of Iliac Vascular Zone: A Case Report of Unicentric Type & Review of the Literature

Castleman Disease is a rare nonneoplastic lymphoproliferative disorder that can be found in any lymph node station with unknown etiology. The current cumulative number of reported cases is minimal. We report a case of a 44-year-old woman with a hard mass in the pelvic retroperitoneal that has been gradually increasing in size for many years. Abdominopelvic MRI scan showed a left retroperitoneal mass and visible calcifications. The patient underwent resection of the left retroperitoneal mass and the pathological diagnosis was Castleman disease of hyaline vascular type.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Various Cytokines in Otitis Media

The expression and clinical significance of relevant cytokines in otitis media (OM) are discussed, and the alterations to the pathological state of the otitis media mucosa are further understood through the study of cytokine transduction pathways. More and more studies have shown that relevant cell proliferation and inflammation progression pathways play a role in the development of otitis media, such as the Jun amino-terminal protein kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway, which are involved in the proliferation of the middle ear mucosa during otitis media, which affects the mucosal cilia, motor function, Eustachian tube function, and the mucosal ciliary function. These studies provide new ideas for the treatment of otitis media and further explore the feasibility of immunotherapy in the future treatment of otitis media. In this paper, we present a review of the latest research progress on the expression of various cytokines in otitis media.

Nursing Care of Infliximab for Injection in Crohn’s Disease

Objective: To summarize the nursing experience of infliximab injection in the treatment of Crohns disease. Methods: 25 patients with Crohns disease admitted to our hospital from November 2017 to February 2024 were treated with infliximab. The therapeutic effect and adverse drug reactions were observed, nursing intervention was given, and follow-up was performed at 2 weeks, 6 weeks after the first treatment and every 2 months after the treatment cycle. According to Crohns disease activity index (CDAI) score, 23 cases with 4 were classified as remission stage and 2 cases with 6 were classified as mild activity stage. Infliximab-treated Crohns patients had a good prognosis and minor adverse reactions. A correct grasp of the basic knowledge of the drug, standardized operation, attention to the psychological state of the patient, close observation of the change of the patients condition, and predictability of the treatment of adverse drug reactions are the guarantee of smooth treatment.

Application and Promotion of Whole-Process Capacity Management Model for CHF Patients Led by Specialist Nurses in “Heart Failure Center Alliance Unit”

Objective: To implement the whole-process capacity management model led by specialist nurses, improve the capacity management behavior of medical staff, and build a standardized, standardized and operable CHF capacity management system. Methods: According to the evidence pyramid principle and search strategy, 2 evidence-based nursing backbone completed literature search in both Chinese and English, and finally included 7 literatures. Results: Around the three key links of capacity assessment, monitoring and management, stakeholders were invited to evaluate each evidence according to the FAME principle, that is, the feasibility, suitability, effectiveness and clinical significance of evidence. Finally, 11 best evidences were obtained and 5 clinical review indicators of the cost project were transformed. This study formulated the competence management plan for CHF patients based on the current situation, established competence load evaluation criteria for CHF patients, and determined the target “dry weight” value for CHF patients. Conclusion: The whole-course volume management model of CHF patients guided by specialist nurses should be established and applied and promoted in the “heart failure Center Alliance unit”, so as to improve the capacity management ability of medical staff for CHF patients, enhance the self-management ability of CHF patients, improve the capacity management behavior and health outcomes, and effectively reduce the hospitalization rate and mortality rate of CHF patients in the region.

Ultrasound Combined with CTA in Diagnosis of Painless Aortic Dissection Combined with Carotid Artery Active Thrombosis: A Case Report

Background: Aortic dissection (AD) is a relatively rare but dreadful illness, often accompanied by severe, sharp (or tearing) back pain or anterior chest pain, as well as acute hemodynamic compromise. Painless dissection has also been reported in rare cases and might be misdiagnosed due to its atypical symptoms leading to catastrophic outcomes. Case presentation: The patient was admitted to the hospital due to right limb weakness with speech inability for more than 10 hours. In the routine cardiac ultrasound examination, the avulsion intimal echo was found in the initial segment of the descending aorta. The rupture range was about 11 mm, and the lumen was separated into real and false lumen. Further computed tomography angiography (CTA) examination confirmed the major arterial dissection (De Bakey Type I). Conclusion: We report a case of painless aortic dissection with active carotid artery thrombosis diagnosed by ultrasound and CTA, and to improve the understanding of painless aortic dissection by reviewing relevant domestic and foreign literature.

Establishment of FAP-overexpressing Cells for FAP-targeted Theranostics

Objective Fibroblast activation protein(FAP)has been widely studied and exploited for its clinical applications.One of the difficulties in interpreting reports of FAP-targeted theranostics is due to the lack of accurate controls,making the results less specific and less confirmative.This study aimed to establish a pair of cell lines,in which one highly expresses FAP(HT1080-hFAP)and the other has no detectable FAP(HT1080-vec)as control,to accurately evaluate the specificity of the FAP-targeted theranostics in vitro and in vivo.Methods The cell lines of the experimental group(HT1080-hFAP)and no-load group(HT1080-vec)were obtained by molecular construction of the recombinant plasmid pIRES-hFAP.The expression of hFAP in HT1080 cells was detected by PCR,Western blotting and flow cytometry.CCK-8,Matrigel transwell invasion assay,scratch test,flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to verify the physiological function of FAP.The activities of human dipeptidyl peptidase(DPP)and human endopeptidase(EP)were detected by ELISA in HT1080-hFAP cells.PET imaging was performed in bilateral tumor-bearing nude mice models to evaluate the specificity of FAP.Results RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated the mRNA and protein expression of hFAP in HT1080-hFAP cells but not in HT1080-vec cells.Flow cytometry confirmed that nearly 95%of the HT1080-hFAP cells were FAP positive.The engineered hFAP on HT1080 cells had its ability to retain enzymatic activities and a variety of biological functions,including internalization,proliferation-,migration-,and invasion-promoting activities.The HT1080-hFAP xenografted tumors in nude mice bound and took up^(68)GA-FAPI-04 with superior selectivity.High image contrast and tumor-organ ratio were obtained by PET imaging.The HT1080-hFAP tumor retained the radiotracer for at least 60 min.Conclusion This pair of HT1080 cell lines was successfully established,making it feasible for accurate evaluation and visualization of therapeutic and diagnostic agents targeting the hFAP.

The Mechanism and Research Progress of Ferroptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as the main histological type of esophageal cancer (EC), has the characteristics of high malignant degree, high mortality and tendency to lymph node metastasis. Despite the combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy, ECSS has a poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent programmed cell death pattern characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and characteristic morphological changes of mitochondria. It regulates the growth and invasion of cancer cells in various tumors such as gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. In this article, we mainly introduce the ferroptosis regulatory mechanism in ESCC, hoping to provide a new direction and ideas for the treatment of ECSS.