Occurrence and Reduction of Hepatitis B Vaccine Hesitancy Among Medical University Students—Shanxi Province,China,2020

Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous research has primarily examined the issue of hepatitis B vaccine hesitancy in migrant workers and other adult populations.However,there is a lack of studies that have specifically investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B vaccine hesitancy among university students.What is added by this report?

Mediating function of heart failure in the causal relationship between diastolic blood pressure and hypertensive renal disease with renal failure:a mediated Mendelian randomization study

Objective:To study the causality relationship between diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and hypertensive renal disease with renal failure(HRDRF)and the mediating role of hear t failure(HF)in the causality relationship by network Mendelian randomization(MR).Methods:Genome-wide analysis of DBP,HRDRF,and HF was downloaded from the public database(Genome-Wide Analysis Study[GWAS])and was used to analyze the results and to conduct mediated MR analysis.Results:Analysis showed that DBP was positively correlated with HRDRF(OR=1.0002,95%CI:1.0001–1.0003,P=1.8076e-05)and DBP was positively correlated with HF(OR=1.0295,95%CI:1.0221–1.0370,P=2.5292e-15).HF and HRDRF had a positive causal effect(OR=1.0001,95%CI:1.0000–1.0001,P=0.0152).Mediation analysis showed that the contribution ratio of HF to the combined effect of DBP and HRDRF was 24.69%.Conclusions:DBP can increase the risk of renal disease with renal failure,and HF may play an impor tant role in mediating this causal relationship.

MiR-520f-3p inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by targeting Yes-associated protein 1

Background:Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignancies.Early diagnosis is the key to effective treatment of CRC.Since microRNAs(miRNAs)can be used as biomarkers of CRC,the objective of this work was to examine the effect of miR-520f-3p,which targets YAP1(Yes-associated protein 1),on the ability of CRC cells to proliferate,invade,migrate,and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).Methods:A miR-520f-3p mimic was used to overexpress miR-520f-3p in HT29 cells.To establish the tumor-bearing mouse model,transfected HT29 cells were subcutaneously implanted into BALB/c-nu nude mice,and YAP1 and miR-520f-3p levels were determined using qRT‒PCR.The viability,invasion ability,and migration ability of cells were evaluated by CCK-8,Transwell,and wound healing assays.Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL assays.The regulatory link between miR-520f-3p and the YAP1 gene was examined by dual-luciferase reporter assay.Tumor tissues with positive Ki-67 expression were identified by immunohistochemistry.Vimentin,E-cadherin,and YAP1 expression were evaluated by western blotting.Results:MiR-520f-3p overexpression could inhibit proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT and induce apoptosis in HT29 cells.YAP1 was found as a target of miR-520f-3p.The inhibitory effects of miR-520f-3p on proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT may be reversed by overexpressing YAP1.In tumor-bearing mice,miR-520f-3p overexpression reduced the Ki-67 level,increased apoptosis,and prevented tumor development and spread.Conclusion:By targeting YAP1,miR-520f-3p may be capable of suppressing CRC cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT,providing a novel therapeutic target for the disease.

Glucose metabolism profile recorded by flash glucose monitoring system in patients with hypopituitarism during prednisone replacement

BACKGROUND Commonly used glucocorticoids replacement regimens in patients with hypopituitarism have difficulty mimicking physiological cortisol rhythms and are usually accompanied by risks of over-treatment,with adverse effects on glucose metabolism.Disorders associated with glucose metabolism are established risk factors of cardiovascular events,one of the life-threatening ramifications.AIM To investigate the glycometabolism profile in patients with hypopituitarism receiving prednisone(Pred)replacement,and to clarify the impacts of different Pred doses on glycometabolism and consequent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.METHODS Twenty patients with hypopituitarism receiving Pred replacement[patient group(PG)]and 20 normal controls(NCs)were recruited.A flash glucose monitoring system was used to record continuous glucose levels during the day,which provided information on glucose-target-rate,glucose variability(GV),period glucose level,and hypoglycemia occurrence at certain periods.Islet β-cell function was also assessed.Based on the administered Pred dose per day,the PG was then regrouped into Pred>5 mg/d and Pred≤5 mg/d subgroups.Comparative analysis was carried out between the PG and NCs.RESULTS Significantly altered glucose metabolism profiles were identified in the PG.This includes significant reductions in glucose-target-rate and nocturnal glucose level,along with elevations in GV,hypoglycemia occurrence and postprandial glucose level,when compared with those in NCs.Subgroup analysis indicated more significant glucose metabolism impairment in the Pred>5 mg/d group,including significantly decreased glucose-target-rate and nocturnal glucose level,along with increased GV,hypoglycemia occurrence,and postprandial glucose level.With regard to islet β-cell function,PG showed significant difference in homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)-β compared with that of NCs;a notable difference in HOMA-βwas identified in Pred>5 mg/d group when compared with those of NCs;as for Pred≤5 mg/d group,significant differences were found in HOMA-β,and fasting glucose/insulin ratio when compared with NCs.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Pred replacement disrupted glycometabolic homeostasis in patients with hypopituitarism.A Pred dose of>5 mg/d seemed to cause more adverse effects on glycometabolism than a dose of≤5 mg/d.Comprehensive and accurate evaluation is necessary to consider a suitable Pred replacement regimen,wherein,flash glucose monitoring system is a kind of promising and reliable assessment device.The present data allows us to thoroughly examine our modern treatment standards,especially in difficult cases such as hormonal replacement mimicking delicate natural cycles,in conditions such as diabetes mellitus that are rapidly growing in worldwide prevalence.

Physiotherapy for patients with depression:Recent research progress

Depression,a common mental illness,seriously affects the health of individuals and has deleterious effects on society.The prevention and treatment of depression has drawn the attention of many researchers and has become an important social issue.The treatment strategies for depression include drugs,psychotherapy,and physiotherapy.Drug therapy is ineffective in some patients and psychotherapy has treatment limitations.As a reliable adjuvant therapy,physiotherapy compensates for the shortcomings of drug and psychotherapy and effectively reduces the disease recurrence rate.Physiotherapy is more scientific and rigorous,its methods are diverse,and to a certain extent,provides more choices for the treatment of depression.Physiotherapy can relieve symptoms in many ways,such as by improving the levels of neurobiochemical molecules,inhibiting the inflammatory response,regulating the neuroendocrine system,and increasing neuroplasticity.Physiotherapy has biological effects similar to those of antidepressants and may produce a superimposed impact when combined with other treatments.This article summarizes the findings on the use of physiotherapy to treat patients with depression over the past five years.It also discusses several methods of physiotherapy for treating depression from the aspects of clinical effect,mechanism of action,and disadvantages,thereby serving as a reference for the in-depth development of physiotherapy research.

Comparative characterization of human fetal neural stem cells and induced neural stem cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Human-induced neural stem cells(iNSCs)transplantation is a potential treatment of neurodegeneration diseases.However,whether the reprogrammed cells have the same characterizations as human fetal neural stem cells needs further exploration.Here we isolated human fetal neural stem cells from aborted 12-week fetal brains and compared with iNSCs reprogrammed from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in gene expression,proliferation ability,differentiation capacity,and the responses to tumor necrosis factor-α.We found that iNSCs and NSCs both expressed neural stem cell markers Nestin,SOX1,and SOX2.However,only iNSCs can be patterned into dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons.Furthermore,both iNSCs and NSCs can differentiate into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.In addition,a low dose of tumor necrosis factor-αdid not inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of iNSCs and NSCs.In conclusion,iNSCs have properties similar to,and even better than,fetal neural stem cells and may be suitable for disease modeling and transplantation.

Relationship between methylation of promoter region of miR-147 and clinicopathological characteristics of glioman

Objective:To investigate the methylation of the promoter region of microRNA-147 in glioma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.Methods:Totally forty-five patients with glioma underwent surgical resection from November 2016 to September 2018 in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.Methylation was detected by methylation-specific PCR(MSP).Results:Methylation was found in the promoter region of microRNA-147 in 30(66.7%)of 45 glioma patients,and methylation was not related to gender and age(P>0.05),but related to WHO classification(P<0.05).As a result,abnormal methylation of the promoter region of microRNA-147 may be one of the factors that affect the occurrence and development of glioma,and the higher the grade of glioma,the more prone the promoter region of microRNA-147 to methylation.

XB130 Knockdown Inhibits the Proliferation, Invasiveness, and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Sensitizes them to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis

Background：XB 130 is a recently discovered adaptor protein that is highly expressed in many malignant tumors,but few studies have investigated its role in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.Therefore,this study explored the relationship between this protein and liver cancer and investigated its molecular mechanism of action.Methods：The expression of XB 130 between HCC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues was compared by real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunochemistry,and Western blotting.XB130 silencing was performed using small hairpin RNA.The effect of silencing XB130 was examined using Cell Counting Kit-8,colony assay,wound healing assay,and cell cycle analysis.Results：We found that XB 130 was highly expressed in HCC tissues （cancer tissues vs.adjacent tissues：0.23 ± 0.02 vs.0.17 ± 0.02,P 〈 0.05） and liver cancer cell lines,particularly MHCC97H and HepG2 （MHCC97H and HepG2 vs.normal liver cell line LO-2：2.35 ± 0.26 and 2.04 ± 0.04 vs.1.00 ± 0.04,respectively,all P 〈 0.05）.The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay,colony formation assay,and xenograft model in nude mice showed that silencing XB130 inhibited cell proliferative ability both in vivo and in vitro,with flow cytometry demonstrating that the cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase in HepG2 （HepG2 XB130-silenced group [shA] vs.HepG2 scramble group [NA]：74.32 ± 5.86% vs.60.21 ± 3.07%,P 〈 0.05） and that the number of G2/M phase cells was decreased （HepG2 shA vs.HepG2 NA：8.06 ± 2.41% vs.18.36 ± 4.42%,P 〈 0.05）.Furthermore,the cell invasion and migration abilities were impaired,and the levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related indicators vimentin and N-cadherin were decreased,although the level of E-cadherin was increased after silencingXB130.Western blotting showed that the levels of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K） and phospho-protein kinase B （p-Akt） also increased,although the level of phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog increased,indicating that XB 130 activated the PI3K/ Akt pathway.Furthermore,we found that a reduction in XB130 increased liver cancer cell sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis.Conclusions：Our findings suggest that XB130 might be used as a predictor of liver cancer as well as one of the targets for its treatment.

Personality–brain connection:Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data-driven exploration

Background:The personality-brain association mechanism has been a topic of interest in the field of neuroscience.Usually,the previous research strategy was to first group the population based on different personality traits,and then explore the brain mechanisms corresponding to different personality groups.At present,a“brain-first”research strategy,which uses data-driven approaches instead of personality traits to first group the population,has been adopted to further enhance study objectivity.Methods:Here,we used a data-driven approach following the“brain-first”research strategy to deeply mine the resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 119 healthy participants,classified subjects into different groups based on brain image characteristics,and used the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire to explain the variabilities of resting-state brain characteristics between different groups.Results:We have identified 3 personality–brain connections,including the privateness–left frontoparietal network,liveliness–sensory–motor network,and vigilance–sensory–motor network.Conclusion:We conclude that the above-mentioned three personality factors are based on brain neural activity,independent of the subjective experience of the personality scale creator,and have stronger explanatory power of brain imaging features.