The cosmological constant is necessary to be retained in Einstein’s field equations with value depending on the mass of the source. An overview of the spring theory in astrophysics and cosmology is included in this p...The cosmological constant is necessary to be retained in Einstein’s field equations with value depending on the mass of the source. An overview of the spring theory in astrophysics and cosmology is included in this paper. In short range force, the two interacting particles are point-like vertices connected by a bosonic spring. We also suspect that electron may contain negative sterile neutrino. The self energy of a point charge is not infinite so that renormalisation is not necessary.展开更多
A spring term is added into Newton’s law of gravitation. The spring k of the earth is found to be 1.21 × 10-8/sec2. The PPN gamma is a dependence of distance r from the sun. The expanding universe is due to the ...A spring term is added into Newton’s law of gravitation. The spring k of the earth is found to be 1.21 × 10-8/sec2. The PPN gamma is a dependence of distance r from the sun. The expanding universe is due to the cosmological constant. The Hubble constant is found to be the square root of the cosmological constant. The query of the missing dark matter in the galaxies is clarified.展开更多
In this paper we report for the first time the presence of bistability in an acoustic-optic tunable filter (AOTF) operating with ultrashort (2 ps) optical light pulses. The results for the study of bistability has sho...In this paper we report for the first time the presence of bistability in an acoustic-optic tunable filter (AOTF) operating with ultrashort (2 ps) optical light pulses. The results for the study of bistability has shown the dependence of the hysteresis curve with the product of the coupling constant (κ) by the length of the device (ξL) and the conversion power-coupling constant factor (G). The range of bistability varies significantly with both G and with κξL parameters. The variation of κξL directly increases the size of the range of bistability hysteresis while the increase in G causes the bistability to occur at low powers. The phenomenon of optical bistability (OB) is the object of increasing interest due to its possibilities for important device applications. A bistable device is a device with a capability to generate two different outputs for a given input and the physical requirements for this are an intensity-dependence refractive index and an optical feedback mechanism.展开更多
文摘The cosmological constant is necessary to be retained in Einstein’s field equations with value depending on the mass of the source. An overview of the spring theory in astrophysics and cosmology is included in this paper. In short range force, the two interacting particles are point-like vertices connected by a bosonic spring. We also suspect that electron may contain negative sterile neutrino. The self energy of a point charge is not infinite so that renormalisation is not necessary.
文摘A spring term is added into Newton’s law of gravitation. The spring k of the earth is found to be 1.21 × 10-8/sec2. The PPN gamma is a dependence of distance r from the sun. The expanding universe is due to the cosmological constant. The Hubble constant is found to be the square root of the cosmological constant. The query of the missing dark matter in the galaxies is clarified.
基金CAPES(Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior),CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico),FINEP(Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos),FUNCAP(Fundacao Cearense de Amparo a Pesquisa)for the financial support and CENTEC(Instituto Centro de Ensino Tecnologico).
文摘In this paper we report for the first time the presence of bistability in an acoustic-optic tunable filter (AOTF) operating with ultrashort (2 ps) optical light pulses. The results for the study of bistability has shown the dependence of the hysteresis curve with the product of the coupling constant (κ) by the length of the device (ξL) and the conversion power-coupling constant factor (G). The range of bistability varies significantly with both G and with κξL parameters. The variation of κξL directly increases the size of the range of bistability hysteresis while the increase in G causes the bistability to occur at low powers. The phenomenon of optical bistability (OB) is the object of increasing interest due to its possibilities for important device applications. A bistable device is a device with a capability to generate two different outputs for a given input and the physical requirements for this are an intensity-dependence refractive index and an optical feedback mechanism.
