COVID-19 Vaccine

A number of companies have announced the vaccines for COVID-19 pandemic that has caused extreme poverty, famine, and more than a billion people have lost livelihood all across the globe. Mass production of vaccine Sputnik V is underway at different locations to inoculate population in Russia, Philippines, Vietnam, Brazil, Saudi Arab, and United Arab Emirates (UAE), and India. mRNA based vaccine of Pfizer-BioNTech after passing phase 2 trial is ready for testing on thousands of volunteers. Oxford University-AstraZeneca vaccine is also under phase 3 trial in US, Brazil, and India. In September, Novavax Inc.’s vaccine will be ready for phase 3 trial. By early next year, two billions of doses will be ready of Novavax. Moderna Therapeutics conducting vaccine trial on 30 thousands volunteers, results will be known soon. Hundreds of thousand volunteers have registered already for vaccination in US and other parts of the world. SinoVac Biotech Ltd. has prepared a vaccine “CoronaVac” and inoculating volunteers in Indonesia and Brazil. CanSino Biologics Inc. in phase 2 trial on 508 volunteers found a satisfactory immune response to COVID-19 virus. Apart from vaccine preparation and availability, we provided data for therapy and treatment for COVID-19 and transmission and stability aspect of COVID-19 SARS-Cov-2 virus. The data and results presented in this article are very important and useful in containing, treating, and eliminating the pandemic COVID-19.

World’s Fastest Supercomputer Picks COVID-19 Drug

We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug candidates, the world’s fastest supercomputer picked 30 most effective and potential drugs. Twelve of them are under clinical trials outside Japan;some are being tested in Japan. The computer reduced the computation time from one year to 10 days when compared to second superfast computer of the world. Fugaku supercomputer was employed to know the behavior of airborne aerosol COVID-19 virus. 3Cs were suggested: avoid closed and crowded spaces and contacts to stop the pandemic spread. The progress in vaccine development and proper use and type of mask has also been described in this article. The article will benefit greatly to stop spreading and treating the pandemic COVID-19.

Link between irritable bowel syndrome,depression,and colorectal cancer risk in young patients:Age-matched nationwide populationbased study

BACKGROUND There exists a link between irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and depression.Similarly,chronic depression is known to increase the risk of cancer in general.In this population-based analysis,we investigated the prevalence and the odds of colorectal cancer(CRC)in young-depressed patients with IBS.AIM To investigate the relationship between IBS and CRC in young,depressed patients using a nationally representative United States inpatient sample.METHODS The 2019 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify young(18-44 years)patients admitted with comorbid depression in the presence vs absence of IBS using relevant International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision,Clinical Modification codes.Primary endpoint was the prevalence and odds of CRC in age matched(1:1)youngdepressed cohort hospitalized with IBS(IBS+)vs without IBS(IBS-).Multivariable regression analysis was performed adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS Age-matched(1:1)young-depressed IBS+(83.9%females,median age 36 years)and IBS-(65.8%females,median age 36 years)cohorts consisted of 14370 patients in each group.IBS+cohort had higher rates of hypertension,uncomplicated diabetes,hyperlipidemia,obesity,peripheral vascular disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,hypothyroidism,prior stroke,prior venous thromboembolism,anxiety,bipolar disorder,and borderline personality disorder(P<0.005)vs the IBS-cohort.However,prior myocardial infarction,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,dementia,smoking,alcohol abuse,and drug abuse(P<0.005)are high in IBS-cohort.The rate of CRC was comparable in both cohorts[IBS+n=25(0.17%)vs IBS-n=35(0.24%)].Compared to the IBS-cohort,the odds ratio(OR)of developing CRC was not significantly higher[OR 0.71,95% confidence interval(CI)0.23-2.25]in IBS+cohort.Also,adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and hospital characteristics and relevant comorbidities,the OR was found to be non-significant(OR 0.89,95%CI 0.21-3.83).CONCLUSION This nationwide propensity-matched analysis revealed comparable prevalence and risk of CRC in youngdepressed patients with vs without IBS.Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of depression and its treatment on CRC risk and outcomes in IBS patients.

支气管肺发育不良研究进展

支气管肺发育不良是极低出生体质量及超低出生体质量早产儿常见的疾病，其有多种致病原因，如早产、呼吸机相关性肺损伤、高氧带来的细胞损伤和炎症。绝大部分的治疗是“治标”不“治本”。其中类固醇的治疗最有效，但因有远期的不良反应，类固醇不能常规性给予，必须考虑到个体情况，并且必须与患儿父母沟通才能用。对于支气管肺发育不良的预防及治疗，未来的方向主要是利用间充质干细胞来移植和利用表面活性剂作为载体注入类固醇。