Indomie Noodle Healthy Formulae Instead of the Commercial Formula

This investigation was carried out to evaluate some different seasoning made of onion, garlic, red chili, oregano, marjoram, basil, rosemary, cumin and black pepper to give light and healthy formulae to add to instant indomie noodle. Antioxidants were assessed in raw materials and their formulae, also sensory properties were evaluated in different instant indomie noodle seasoning formulae. The results in raw materials explored that the seasoning contains large amounts of antioxidants content, total carotenoids, volatile oil and antioxidant activity compared with the commercial formula. Corn oil was used as a carrier for the commercial formula and separated three tested spice formulae in ratio 1:100 w/w. Three chosen tested formulas;onion, garlic, red chili 1);oregano, marjoram, basil 2) and rosemary, cumin, black pepper 3) were used in the research. The results indicated that formula 3 has higher antioxidant activity (119.00%) than formula 1 and 2 (83.33% and 62.33%, respectively). Meanwhile, the results from sensory evaluation showed that no significant difference appeared from the different spice formulae. Biological experiment was carried out for these formulae and measured the liver reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), serum liver enzymes aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase (AST, ALT and ALP), serum total protein, albumin and globulin also, renal function (uric acid, urea and creatinine) in rats fed on basal diet including oil carried the commercial formula or instant indomie noodle tested seasoning formulae. The results illustrated that the different instant indomie noodle seasoning formulae gave better results than the commercial formula in liver and renal functions. It could be recommended that consuming the suggested different seasoning formulae instead of the commercial questioned one as sodium glutamate prevent many harmful effects. It should be done occasionally, especially when the need for indomie noodles arises especially for children. This is because it contains the necessary nutrients as antioxidants and acceptable taste for healthy living in moderate proportion.

Ethnobotanical and traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and biological activities of Eryngium species growing in Iran

Objective: Eryngium with the 274 accepted species, is the largest genus of Apiaceae family which are distributed all over the world and have been used in traditional remedies to manage various ailments in different nations. Ten species of Eryngium have been identified in Iran including E. caeruleum M.B.(syn: E. caucasicum Trautv.), E. creticum Lam., E. bungei Boiss., E. billardieri F. Delaroche.(syn: E. kotschyi Boiss.), E. glomeratum Lam.(syn: E. parviflorum Sm.), E. bornumulleri Nab., E. pyramidale Boiss.& Husson., E. noeanum Boiss., E. wanaturi Woron.(syn: E. woronowii Bordz.), and E. thyrsoideum Boiss. The aim of the present research is to review pharmacological activity, and phytochemical constituents as well as ethnobotany and traditional uses of Iranian species of Eryngium. Materials and methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct (ISI Web of Knowledge) and Embase library were comprehensively searched for research on Eryngium. The search period was from 1966 to October 2018. The related articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criterias in our study. Results: A total of 57 papers were enrolled in analyses. The findings showed that Iranian species of Eryngium, had a noticeable diverse of traditional medicinal uses and also broad range of pharmacological activities as well as various phytochemical compounds. Some remarkable biological and pharmacological activities of these species have been demonstrated in present scientific studies, including antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antinociceptive activities as well as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-snake and anti-scorpion venom effects. Conclusion: Iranian Eryngium species have enormous potential for prospective preparation of herbal medicinal products and are good candidates for discovering new drugs.

Quantitation of phytochemical constituents of Fumaria vaillantii L. with different extract methods

Objective: The genus fumaria includes more than 40 species in the world. The aim of this study was to quantify the phytochemical constituents of Fumaria vaillantii L. aerial parts and compare the different methods of extraction. Total phenol, total flavonoid, total alkaloid, ascorbic and organic acids (oxalic, maleic, citric, succinic and fumaric acids) yields were evaluated in terms of the temperature effect, type of solvent and maceration time. Methods: Dried plant samples were extracted by different procedures. Total phenolic, total flavonoid, total alkaloid and ascorbic acid yields were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Also, the organic acid yields were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography method. Results: With the same extraction method, the natural flora extract was showed more yields of oxalic, maleic and citric acids than the commercial one, while the commercial extract was showed more yields of total phenol, ascorbic, succinic and fumaric acids than the natural flora one. The water-boiled extract was showed more yields of total phenol and total flavonoid. The macerated in ethanol 80% extract was also demonstrated more amounts of total alkaloid and ascorbic acid. Among different aqueous macerated extracts of the commercial sample, as the maceration time increased, total phenol, total flavonoid, oxalic, maleic, succinic, fumaric and ascorbic acids yields decreased. Macerated commercial dried fumitory in double-distilled water for 24 hrs resulted in an extract with the highest possible fumaric acid yield. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both water-boiled and macerated in ethanol 80% extracts can be used as rich sources of total phenolic and total flavonoid, which are considered as the important antioxidants.

Surface morphology and cell viability of samarium(Ⅲ) oxide/chromium(Ⅲ) oxide/graphene oxide/polycaprolactone targeting wound dressing

Combinations of metal and lanthanide oxides have been done through casted films for potential medical applications. In this regard, samarium(Ⅲ) oxide/chromium(Ⅲ) oxide/graphene oxide(GO)/polycaprolactone(PCL) based films nano-composites(NCs) were fabricated, pointing their utilization as a biological scaffold for wound dressing purposes. Also, samarium(Ⅲ) oxide and chromium(Ⅲ) oxide have been merged as promising optical constituents due to their unique optical behavior. The structural and compositional examination of the studied NCs was executed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman, and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). The Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL NC exhibits a surface with a lower roughness degree owing to the presence of GO. Cr_(2)O_(3)shows size reduction upon GO insertion to reach 1.2 μm as the average grain size, whilst Sm_(2)O_(3)records an average grain size of less than 1 μm. As well, the polymeric nano-compositions exhibit variation in contact angle values that hit 29.76°± 3.52°for Sm_(2)O_(3)/PCL, and 48.62°± 1.37°for Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL as the second lowest contact angle. The optical behavior contributes to absorption edge relocation along the x-axis from 1.7 eV for pure PCL, to 2.65 eV for Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL. Regarding biological responses, the cell exposed to 2.5 μg/m L of Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL shows cell viability of 119.31%, while 5 μg/m L hits 99.6%. Additionally, the resulting cell attachment micrographs show layers of fibroblast tissue, besides the proliferation and growth of cultivated cells. Thus, the Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL scaffold provides 3D proliferation of fibroblast cells endorsing the wound healing process.

Dysprosium oxide,alumina,and graphene oxide reinforced polycaprolactone thin films:Thermal stability,morphology,and cell viability

Developing a biomaterial for wound healing applications is still a challenge.Herein,dysprosium oxide(Dy_(2)O_(3)),aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3)),and graphene oxide(GO)were embedded in cast films based on polycaprolactone(PCL)to be examined for wound dressing usage.Different techniques were used to characterize the fabricated films including X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),besides their biological activity.The thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)exhibits high thermal stability as the scaffold weight decreases slightly to 98.6%after raising the temperature from room temperature to 280℃.The cell viability was investigated and it is shown that the viable cells grow up to approximately 93%at 75μg/mL.Meanwhile,the cell attachment shows excellent behavior as the cells attach on most of the surface of the modified PCL which shows high biocompatibility.