Enterotoxigenic Escherichio coli （ETEC） causes neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in pigs. In order to determine the risk factors, rectal/fecal swabs and visceral organs obtained from pig farms in two regions of Sou...Enterotoxigenic Escherichio coli （ETEC） causes neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in pigs. In order to determine the risk factors, rectal/fecal swabs and visceral organs obtained from pig farms in two regions of South Africa were analyzed microbiologically against risk variables. Seventy-two percent of young pigs were found to be positive for ETEC toxin genes; estB （38.9%）, estB/STAP （25%）, and estB/LT （13.9%） were dominant. Risk factors for ETEC-diarrhea in pigs include： leaving sick piglets in a pen with healthy piglets [odds ratio （OR） = 33.52; P 〈 0.0001]; water spillage in pen （OR = 42.87; P 〈 0.0001）; hypothermic piglets （OR = 7.29; P 〈 0.0001）; runt piglets in pen with healthy littermates （OR = 3.65; P 〈 0.0001）; and prolonged use of antibiotics （OR = 3.05; P = 0.05）.展开更多
In rainfall-runoff modelling, a monthly timescale and an annual one are sufficient for the management of deductions. However, to simulate the flow at a large time-step (annual), we generally precede the use of a model...In rainfall-runoff modelling, a monthly timescale and an annual one are sufficient for the management of deductions. However, to simulate the flow at a large time-step (annual), we generally precede the use of a model working for a finer time-step (daily) while aggregating the desired outputs. The finest time-steps are considered, apriori, as the most performant. By passing from one time-step to another, and in order to work in the desired time-step (annual) and calculate the potential gains or loss, this article proposed a comparative study between the aggregation method of outputs of a modal working at a finer time step, and a method in which we use a conceived model from the beginning. To ensure this comparative and empirical approach, the choice has been focused on (GRs) models to a daily time-step (GR4J), monthly time step (GR2M) and annual time step (GR1A). The modelling platform used is the same for all three models taking into account the specificities of each one: the same data sample, the same optimization method, and the same function criterion are used during the construction of these models. Due to the moving between these time steps, results show that the best way to simulate the annual flow is to use an appropriate and designed modal initially conceived to this time step. Indeed, this simulation seems to be less effective when using a model at a finer time-step (daily).展开更多
As part of a collaboration between the John Innes Centre （JIC）,Norwich,UK and the Centre for Signal Transduction and Metabolomics （C-STM） at the Institute of Botany （IOB）,
Relationship between species＇ home range and their other biological traits remains poorly understood, especially in migratory birds due to the difficulty associated with tracking them. Advances in satellite telemetry...Relationship between species＇ home range and their other biological traits remains poorly understood, especially in migratory birds due to the difficulty associated with tracking them. Advances in satellite telemetry and remote sensing techniques have proved instrumental in overcoming such challenges. We studied the space use of migratory ducks through satellite telemetry with an objective of understanding the influence of body mass and feeding habits on their home-range sizes. We marked 26 indi- viduals, representing five species of migratory ducks, with satellite transmitters during two consecutive winters in three Indian states. We used kernel methods to estimate home ranges and core use areas of these waterfowl, and assessed the influence of body mass and feeding habits on home-range size. Feeding habits influenced the home-range size of the migratory ducks. Carnivorous ducks had the largest home ranges, herbivorous ducks the smallest, while omnivorous species had intermediate home-ranges. Body mass did not explain variation in home-range size. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind on migratory ducks, and it has important implications for their conservation and management [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 616-621, 2014].展开更多
文摘Enterotoxigenic Escherichio coli （ETEC） causes neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in pigs. In order to determine the risk factors, rectal/fecal swabs and visceral organs obtained from pig farms in two regions of South Africa were analyzed microbiologically against risk variables. Seventy-two percent of young pigs were found to be positive for ETEC toxin genes; estB （38.9%）, estB/STAP （25%）, and estB/LT （13.9%） were dominant. Risk factors for ETEC-diarrhea in pigs include： leaving sick piglets in a pen with healthy piglets [odds ratio （OR） = 33.52; P 〈 0.0001]; water spillage in pen （OR = 42.87; P 〈 0.0001）; hypothermic piglets （OR = 7.29; P 〈 0.0001）; runt piglets in pen with healthy littermates （OR = 3.65; P 〈 0.0001）; and prolonged use of antibiotics （OR = 3.05; P = 0.05）.
文摘In rainfall-runoff modelling, a monthly timescale and an annual one are sufficient for the management of deductions. However, to simulate the flow at a large time-step (annual), we generally precede the use of a model working for a finer time-step (daily) while aggregating the desired outputs. The finest time-steps are considered, apriori, as the most performant. By passing from one time-step to another, and in order to work in the desired time-step (annual) and calculate the potential gains or loss, this article proposed a comparative study between the aggregation method of outputs of a modal working at a finer time step, and a method in which we use a conceived model from the beginning. To ensure this comparative and empirical approach, the choice has been focused on (GRs) models to a daily time-step (GR4J), monthly time step (GR2M) and annual time step (GR1A). The modelling platform used is the same for all three models taking into account the specificities of each one: the same data sample, the same optimization method, and the same function criterion are used during the construction of these models. Due to the moving between these time steps, results show that the best way to simulate the annual flow is to use an appropriate and designed modal initially conceived to this time step. Indeed, this simulation seems to be less effective when using a model at a finer time-step (daily).
文摘As part of a collaboration between the John Innes Centre （JIC）,Norwich,UK and the Centre for Signal Transduction and Metabolomics （C-STM） at the Institute of Botany （IOB）,
文摘Relationship between species＇ home range and their other biological traits remains poorly understood, especially in migratory birds due to the difficulty associated with tracking them. Advances in satellite telemetry and remote sensing techniques have proved instrumental in overcoming such challenges. We studied the space use of migratory ducks through satellite telemetry with an objective of understanding the influence of body mass and feeding habits on their home-range sizes. We marked 26 indi- viduals, representing five species of migratory ducks, with satellite transmitters during two consecutive winters in three Indian states. We used kernel methods to estimate home ranges and core use areas of these waterfowl, and assessed the influence of body mass and feeding habits on home-range size. Feeding habits influenced the home-range size of the migratory ducks. Carnivorous ducks had the largest home ranges, herbivorous ducks the smallest, while omnivorous species had intermediate home-ranges. Body mass did not explain variation in home-range size. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind on migratory ducks, and it has important implications for their conservation and management [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 616-621, 2014].
