Evaluation of College English Test

There has been much heated discussion on College English Test for non-English majors Band 4 and Band 6 because it has exerted great influence on English teaching in Chinese universities. This essay is intended to explore the reliability, validity,practicality and washback of this large-scale test by focusing on CET Band 4. The author of this report discusses the merits as well as some existing problems of this test and offers some suggestions at the end of the essay.

Contrasts of Characters in Go Down,Moses

Go Down, Moses is one of William Faulkner's famous novels. It consists of seven stories, most of which have been published earlier as magazine stories. When it first gets published, many reviewers regard it as a collection of stories, due to its seven loosely jointed stories with their seemingly irrelevant plots and themes. Nowadays, critics take a as a completed novel with different contrastive characters which make the stories more attractive and deepen the plots and themes.

Identification of prototype compounds and their metabolites in rats’ serum from Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS

Objective: As a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction(XFZYD) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to unveil the potentially effective compounds, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was established to identify prototype compounds and their metabolites from XFZYD in rats’ serum.Methods: The serum from rats after intragastric administration of XFZYD aqueous extract was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method. The prototype compounds and their metabolites were identified by comparison with the reference standards and tentatively characterized by comprehensively analyzing the retention time, MS data, characteristic MS fragmentation pattern and retrieving literatures.Results: A total of 175 compounds(24 prototype compounds and 151 metabolites) were identified and tentatively characterized. The metabolic pathways of prototype compounds in vivo were also summarized, including glucuronidation, hydrolyzation, sulfation, demethylation, and hydroxylation, and so on.Conclusion: In this study, a UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique was developed to analyze prototype compounds and their metabolites from XFZYD in serum, which would provide the evidence for further studying the effective compounds of XFZYD.

Identification of Q-Markers from Hedan Tablet by employing “spiderweb”mode and taking compounds'hepatotoxicity into account

Objective Due to the complicated compounds and the synergistic effect of multi-compounds,the quality control and assessment of Chinese materia medica(CMM)encounters a great challenge about how to identify the key compounds,which are directly correlated with its efficacy and safety.On the guidance of study on quality marker(Q-Marker),identification of Q-Markers was performed from Hedan Tablet(HDT)by the aid of the“spider-web”mode and hepatotoxicity evaluation derived from our previous researches and literatures.Methods By the established ultra performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector(UPLC-PDA)method,online UPLC-DPPH·and offline antioxidant assay,21 candidate compounds of HDT were systematically investigated and comprehensively evaluated by the“spider-web”mode for them properties of Q-Marker based on“content-stability-activity”.In addition,the Q-Markers related with hepatotoxicity based on our previous researches and literatures were identified.Results Salvianolic acid B(SaB),quercetin-3-O-glucuronide(Qug),isoquercitrin(IQ)and hyperoside(Hyp)were adopted as the preferable Q-Markers of HDT according to the shaded area(A)of tested compounds in“spider-web”mode.Psoralen(Ps),isopsoralen(IP),psoralenoside(PO)and isopsoralenoside(IPO)were also strongly recommended as Q-Markers closely related with safety by considering hepatotoxicity of the accumulated Ps and IP and conversion between glycoside(PO and IPO)and aglycone(Ps and IP).Conclusion This study provided scientific evidence for quality control and assessment of HDT,and also provided a meaningful reference for application of Q-Markers in CMM.