Potential Toxic Effects of Olanzapine on Metabolic Parameters in <i>de Novo</i>Paranoid Schizophrenic Patients. The Role of Adjunctive Aripeprazole: Clinical and Experimental Study

Background: Approximately 75% of all deaths in people with schizophrenia are caused by physical illness with cardiovascular disease [CVD] being the commonest cause of death. Factors predisposing people with schizophrenia to CVD include antipsychotic medication. Aim of Work: The aim of this study was to detect metabolic syndrome and its components in de novo paranoid schizophrenics on olanzapine therapy and the metabolic benefits of addition of aripeprazole, clinically and experimentally. Methodology: 1) Clinical study: 200 Outpatients suffered from de novo paranoid schizophrenia according to 10th International Classification of Psychiatric Disorders, Research Criteria [ICD10 RC] were included in the study. None of them had any component of metabolic syndrome. They were maintained on olanzapine [10 - 20 mg]. Patients were assessed clinically, psychometrically using Scale for the Assessment of Negative [SANS] and Positive [SAPS] Symptoms and metabolically at base line and after 6 months. Patients who had metabolic syndrome after 6 month of starting olanzapine therapy, were randomly divided into two groups according to added regime to maintained olanzapine: Group 1: olanzapine [10 mg/day] + placebo [empty hard gelatin capsule]. Group II: olanzapine [10 mg/day] + aripeprazole [10 mg/day]. 2) Experimental study: 40 male albino rats were randomly equally divided into 4 groups: Group 1 [control group]: received a standard diet, Group II [olanzapine treated]: received olanzapine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day, Group III [aripiprazole treatd]: received aripiprazole at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, Group IV [combined olanzapine and aripiprazole treated]: received olanzapine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day combined with aripiprazole at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day orally. The duration of the study was 16 weeks. All treated rat groups were assessed for metabolic parameters, liver enzymes and histopathology. Results: Clinically, after the 6 months of olanzapine treatment [mean dose 12.75 mg], there was significant increase [p Conclusion and Recommendation: Olanzapine treatment was found to be associated with risk factors of metabolic syndrome clinically and experimentally and its hepatic manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in wister rats. Improvements were observed clinically and experimentally in metabolic measures, liver enzymes and liver histopathology by addition of aripeprazole. Patients on olanzapine therapy must be followed regularly regarding metabolic parameters, hepatic, cardiac and cerebrovascular morbidity, with urgent interference with early manifestations. It is recommended to check liver enzymes regularly for those patients kept on atypical antipsychotic drug [olanzapine].

Clinical and Experimental Study of the Toxic Neuropsychiatric Effects of Formaldehyde Exposure: Has Garlic a Protective Role?

Background: The central nervous system is one of the most important systems affected by formaldehyde (FA). Aim of Work: This study was designed to assess its toxic neuropsychiatric effects both clinically and experimentally and the protective effects of garlic. Methods: Clinically: 20 workers in the gross anatomy laboratory and 20 libertarians underwent a standardized clinical assessment including medical, neurological and psychiatric examination. Experimental: 40 male rats were divided randomly into four groups. Group I is control group. Group II received 10 mg/kg of FA intraperitoneally once daily for 14 days. Group III was treated with fresh garlic juice (1 ml/100g body weight) once daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Groups VI received fresh garlic juice plus formaldehyde daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats’ brains were obtained for histological examination and biochemical analysis. Results: Clinical and psychiatric profile of FA exposed persons’ revealed cognitive impaired, anxious and depressed persons. There were hostile persons with more hostility toward outside. Experimentally, hippocampal and frontal superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione showed highly significant decrease while malondialdehyde and nitric oxide level showed highly significant increase in formaldehyde treated group when compared with control group. Also histopathological changes in the hippocampal and frontal cortices by light microscope revealed many distorted cells with deeply stained shrunked nuclei and cytoplasm was surrounded by vacuolated pale areas in FA exposed group. Minimization of biochemical and histopathological changes were observed in combined formaldehyde and garlic treated group. Conclusion: The profiles of personality arouse dangerous affairs about the toxic impact of FA on persons, family, and society. Formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in brain were minimized by addition of garlic.

Type 2 diabetes and thyroid cancer:Synergized risk with rising air pollution

Diabetes is a complex condition,and the causes are still not fully understood.However,a growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution could be linked to an increased risk of diabetes.Specifically,exposure to certain pollutants,such as particulate Matter and Ozone,has been associated with higher rates of diabetes.At the same time,air pollution has also been linked to an increased risk of thyroid cancer.While there is less evidence linking air pollution to thyroid cancer than to diabetes,it is clear that air pollution could have severe implications for thyroid health.Air pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer through several mechanisms.For example,air pollution could increase inflammation in the body,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer.Air pollution could also increase oxidative stress,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer.Additionally,air pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer by affecting the endocrine system.This review explores the link between diabetes and air pollution on thyroid cancer.We will discuss the evidence for an association between air pollution exposure and diabetes and thyroid cancer,as well as the potential implications of air pollution for thyroid health.Given the connections between diabetes,air pollution,and thyroid cancer,it is essential to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing the condition.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Protect against Oxaliplatin Induced Testicular Damage: Biochemical, Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Genotoxic Study

Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used for colorectal cancer treatment. The testicular toxic effect is one of its recorded toxicities which resulted in a few studies. Oxidative stress could be a direct cause of this testicular toxicity. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) are optimistic antioxidants for applications in medicine. The aim of the work is to study the protective effect of CONPs on testicular toxicity induced by oxaliplatin in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Control group, CONPs group (60 mg/kg, 5 times/week), Oxaliplatin group (4 mg/kg, twice/week), and Oxaliplatin & CONPs group, for 4 weeks. Seventy-two hours after the last administration, blood samples were taken for hormonal levels and testes were used for both histopathology and immunohistochemical microscopic examination. Sperm smears were also performed and their results were statistically analyzed to detect any sperm abnormalities. Oxaliplatin increased MDA levels. SOD and GPx activity was decreased. GSH levels were decreased. Also, it decreased the sperm cell count and serum testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormon. In the testicular sections, significant histopathology changes were seen and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. Upon supplementation of CONPs with oxaliplatin decreased MDA levels. SOD and GPx activity was increased, and GSH did not change. In testicular sections, normal morphology was seen. Also, there was an increase in the sperm cell count and serum testosterone anti-Müllerian with significant improvement of testicular architecture, and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. The utilization of CONPs produced significant protection against all of the above-mentioned changes.

Morbidity and Mortality Indicators in Acute Organophosphate Poisoning in Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt: Retrospective Study

Introduction: Organ phosphorus (OP) toxicity has been studied extensively because of its world wide use. Toxicity of organophosphates is the result of inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase resulting in cholinergic signs. Aim of the Work: To evaluate initial indicators that can indicate prognosis of patients in OP poisoning. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study conducted in Zagazig university hospital over a year. OP poisoning was clinically diagnosed with history of OP compound exposure and confirmed by low pseudo cholinesterase levels. Results: In the present study, 76 patients were enrolled. Major cases were male. High mortality rates were in the youth and in prolonged ventilated patients. The mortality rate was proportionally related to lag time after exposure and plasma pseudo cholinesterase levels. Electrolyte disturbance did not affect clinical outcome. Conclusion: From this study, it could be concluded that mortality is directly proportionate to the lag time, amount of OP consumed, clinical severity, pseudo cholinesterase levels and duration of ventilator support. This study helps in rapid diagnosis, and rapid early and effective treatment, which may result in decreasing the morbidity and mortality rates. Recommendation: It is recommended to increase awareness regarding the rapid diagnosis, and rapid effective treatment of organ phosphorous.

Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects

Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs.Since the inception of the field several decades ago,regenerative medicine therapies,namely stem cells,have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials.Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells,stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment,whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration.Recently,research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells(CSCs/CPCs).The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy.This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs,their environment,their interplay with other cells,and their metabolism.In addition,important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells.Moreover,the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration.Finally,the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.

Liver Dysfunction in Sternness Burn Injury in Association to Age Estimate: A Conceivable Role of Antioxidant Biomarker and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

Background: Burn injuries represent one of the greatest public health problems that induce significant patient morbidity and mortality. Scalds are the most common cause of burn injuries which is known to have long term grave consequences on general health. Aim: The current study was performed to identify the age of scald burn from histopathological changes and TNF-α immunoexpression. As well, study the probable relation between the scald age and the hepatic function impairment. Materials and Methods: A total number of 40 adult male albino rats were used in the study. Eight kept as control group I. Thirty-two rats were exposed to scald injury involving 20% of total body surface area (TBSA). Histopathological examination for the scald area, liver, and skin TNF-α immunohistochemistry was performed. Liver function tests and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were also determined. The study was carried out after 2, 7 days, 1 and 3 months of scald incidence. Results: Progressive histopathological changes and elevated liver enzymes were observed in the early scald ages while manifestations of healing and improvement in liver parameters, started to occur after 1 and 3 months of scald infliction in comparison with the other periods. There was a highly significant (P Conclusion: Overall, the results showed the ability to identify the age of scald injury using routine histopathological examination. Also, scald injury involving 20% of TBSA may cause long term impairment of hepatic function. Moreover, the proinflammatory results revealed that TNF-α may consider as mediators in the post-burn pathophysiological process. Furthermore, our results declare a significant correlation between MDA levels and the degree of burn complications, including shock and remote organ damage.

Genotoxicity among Hairdressers and the Level of Commitment to Occupational Safety Measures at Beauty Salons, in Zagazig City, Egypt

Hairdressers are chronically exposed to several occupational hazards during their work including potentially genotoxic chemicals. Hair dying, hair smoothening and straightening products are hazardous chemicals that affect human health and are frequently used in beauty salons. So, this study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic risk among the studied hairdressers, to estimate the level of p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA) in urine and to assess the degree of adherence of the studied hair- dressers to occupational safety measures at work. A comparative cross sectional study was carried out on 40 hairdressers working in beauty salons in Zagazig city, Egypt and 40 administrative staff at faculty of medicine as a control group. The results of the study revealed a significant increase in mean concentration of urinary p-PDA as well as significant increase in DNA damage assessed by Comet assay in lymphocytes among studied hairdressers than among their controls. Also, there was a statistically significant decrease in adherence to most of the occupational safety precaution measures that should be followed by the studied hairdressers. The significant risk factors of high Comet total mean score among the studied hairdressers were occupational use of hair straightening ≥8 times/week, use of hair dyes at work ≥15 times/week, length of service ≥13 years, negligence of wearing gloves during work, use of bleaching agents ≥12/week and negligence of hand wash after handling chemicals. So, it was concluded that the hairdressers are occupationally exposed to the risk of genotoxic hazards from chemicals frequently used in their work. The lack of commitment to occupational safety measures at beauty salons like wearing gloves during work and hand washing increases the risk of genotoxicity.

Adult Sex Discrimination Using Metric Measurements of Hand Digital Radiographs in Egyptian Population

Objective: The aim of the present study is to discriminate functions for sex determination in a subjected sample of the Egyptian population using the morphology of metacarpals and phalanges for gender comparison. Furthermore, the measurements discussed in this study will aid in predicting the differentiation independently and guaranteeing sex determination in the subjected population individually. Methods: Forty measurements were taken from the right metacarpals and phalangeal bones of 100 subjects, whose ages ranged from 19 to 60. Moreover, the measurements of nine metacarpals and four phalangeal bones were used for sex discrimination in each sample population. Results: Males had significantly greater mean values (P < 0.05) for the lengths of the metacarpals and the proximal phalangeal bones of all right-hand fingers than females. The cut-off value and the accuracy percentage for precise sex classification of males and females using individual and grouped bones showed that a value higher than the marking point classified an individual as male and that a lower value suggested female. Besides, the multiple stepwise discriminant functional analysis of the most predictable internal variables of the metacarpals revealed a cross-validated sex classification accuracy of 100%. In contrast, the most predictable internal variables of the phalanges showed a cross-validated sex classification accuracy of 93%. Conclusion: The results revealed a new forensic suggestion for the determination of sex based on the measurements of the metacarpals and the phalanges. Moreover, various discriminant equations were applied for the declaration of this conceivable recommendation.

Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperidin and Benfotiamine against Paraquat Induced Spinal Cord Neurotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Introduction: There are extensive people exposures to paraquat (PQ) herbicide resulting in human health hazards. Aim of the Work: To compare the beneficial neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and benfotiamine on paraquat (PQ)-induced spinal cord neurotoxic effects in rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups as following: control, paraquat (PQ 20.8 mg/kg, oral gavage (e.g.)), paraquat + benfotiamine (50 mg/kg, oral gavage (e.g.)) and paraquat + hesperidin (40 mg/kg, oral gavage (e.g.)). PQ is given as the previous dose. Rats are treated 6 days per week. Results: There was a significant increased mean value of malondialdehyde associated with a significant reduction in the content of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes activities associated with a significant increase in Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-H, neurospecific enolase and s100 levels were recorded and significant spinal cord histopathological changes in paraquat treated group as compared to their corresponding values in the control group and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. Upon supplementation with benfotiamine and hesperidin to paraquat treated rats, there was a significant decrease in the mean values of malondialdehyde associated with a marked increase in the content of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes activities associated with a significant decrease in Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-H, neurospecific enolase and s100 levels were also recorded with significant improvement of spinal cord architecture when compared with the paraquat treated group. Conclusion: The use of benfotiamine and hesperidin produced a significant protection against all of the above-mentioned changes.

Detection of the Severity of Brain Injury in Head Trauma Patients Using Biochemical Blood Markers and Its Correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale

Head trauma is one of common injury related mortality and morbidity. Blood biomarkers are valuable tools for the identification and characterization of initial injury and secondary pathological processes for traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study evaluated the performance of a recently developed visfatin and its correlation with other blood circulating biomarkers that reflect specific pathological mechanisms including neuro inflammatory, neuron injury and oxidative damage in moderate to severe TBI patients. Peripheral blood was taken from TBI patients (n = 78) at hospital admission, maximum 6 hours post-injury. Severity and neurological outcome were assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and blood level of: visfatin, neuron specific enolase (NSE), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Concentrations of visfatin (28 ± 1.68 μg/L, 25 ± 2.09 μg/L) was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in sever and moderate groups of TBI patients respectively compared to control group (7.62 ± 0.87 μg/L), NSE concentrations also were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in both groups of TBI patients (20.47 ± 3 ng/ml, 13.49 ± 2.66 ng/ml) compared to control group (4.3 ± 0.52 ng/ml), MDA was significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in sever TBI patients group (6.88 ± 0.58 μmol/L) compared to control group (5.12 ± 0.76 μmol/L), while SOD (245.12 ± 24.2 U/L, 276.097 ± 30.8 U/L) and GSH (112.07 ± 2.09 μmol/L, 119.26 ± 2.7 μmol/L) were highly significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in TBI patients compared to control group (304.17 ± 27.17 U/L and 151.64 ± 9.9 μmol/L) respectively. Visfatin was positively correlated with NSE and MDA, while there was negative correlation with SOD and GSH. In conclusion blood level of visfatin in correlation with other blood biomarkers can be used for prediction of severity of TBI cases.

Cytoprotectant and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Olive Oil on Cadmium Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

Background: Cadmium is a heavy metal having toxic effects on most organ systems of the body. Objectives: We aim to investigate the postulated protective properties of olive oil in Cadmium-induced renal toxicity in mice by utilizing standard biomarkers of renal toxicity, oxidative stress and histopathological characterization. Materials and Methods: Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups of 10 mice each. Group 1 served as control group, group 2 was given Extra-virgin olive oil orally, group 3 was given Cadmium chloride and group 4 was given Cadmium chloride with Extra-virgin olive oil. At the end of the experimental period, biochemical analysis histopathology of kidney was done. Results: The present study depicted that blood urea, serum creatinine and the antioxidant markers (Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase and Catalase) levels were significantly increased in group 3 compared to group 1 and 2. After administration of Extra-virgin olive oil with Cadmium in group 4, the levels of those markers significantly improved. Histopathology of the renal tissue showed severe damage of glomeruli, severely congested blood vessels and marked dilatation of Bowman’s capsule in group 3 with improvements of these changes in group 4. Conclusion: This study suggests that Extra-virgin olive oil can be used as a cost effective safe anti-oxidative agent in the prevention of Cadmium toxicity.

Sudden death in the southern region of Saudi Arabia:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Sudden death is unanticipated,non-violent death taking place within the first 24 h after the onset of symptoms.It is a major public health problem worldwide.Moreover,the effects of living at moderate altitude on mortality are poorly understood.AIM To retrospectively report the frequency and the main causes of sudden deaths in relation to total deaths at Asir Central Hospital,2255 m above sea level,in the southern region of Saudi Arabia over a period of 4 years from 2013 to 2016.METHODS The medical records of 1821 deaths were examined and showed 353 cases(19.4%)of sudden death.RESULTS The highest incidence of sudden death was among the elderly(51%),whereas,the lowest was among children and adolescents(6.5%).With regard to gender,the incidence of sudden death was higher in males(54.4%)compared to 45.6% in females.In this study,we found that the most common direct causes of sudden death were cardiovascular diseases(29.2%),respiratory disease(22.7%),infectious disease(12.2%),cancer(9.4%)and hematological diseases(6.2%).With respect to seasonal variation,the highest incidence was during winter(31.32%)followed by summer(25.8%).CONCLUSION The results of this study will help emergency physicians and health care providers to exercise due care to reduce the incidence of sudden death and raise public awareness about the impact of sudden death.

Purslane protects against the reproductive toxicity of carbamazepine treatment in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of purslane with carbamazepine treatment.Methods: Male albino rats were modulated by pilocarpine to be epileptic.Both the normal and epileptic rats were treated with carbamazepine, purslane or carbamazepine plus purslane, with separate non-treated control groups for both normal and epileptic rats.Results: The data from the current study showed amelioration in amino acids and electrolytes in the epileptic rats treated with purslane and carbamazepine, with this amelioration occurring without decreasing the fertility hormones(testosterone,dehydroepiandrosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone).Purslane treatments also prevented the increase in estradiol.The decreased epileptic hyperexcitability with purslane was evidenced by decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein and lipid peroxidation.Conclusions: Natural products like purslane could be used with the highly repetitive drugs like carbamazepine to reduce or prevent its side-effects.

Childhood Poisoning Cases Admitted to Zagazig University Hospitals during the Year 2018: A Retrospective Study

Background: Childhood poisoning is considered major socioeconomic and public health problem as there are thousands of children admitted to the emergency departments and millions of calls are made to poison control centers every year. Aim of the Work: Determine the prevalence and pattern of childhood poisoning cases admitted to Zagazig University hospitals. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective study on children Results: A total of 624 childhood poisoning cases, more males than females (55.3% versus 44.7% respectively), and more in age group of 3 - 6 years old (40.86%), more in rural than urban communities (65.06% against 34.94% respectively). Oral exposure was the most against other routes (84.94%). Most cases were unintentional (92.8%). The prevalence of childhood poisoning in descending order was;compound therapeutic medications (32.69%) followed by pesticides (26.92%) then corrosives (17.31%), while volatile hydrocarbons (benzene or kerosene) accounted for (15.38%) and carbon monoxide (3.85%) and others (3.85%). Overall, minor cases were the commonest (63%) while only 3.8% of cases were severe. About 88.94% of cases were discharged after completed management while death rate was 0.96%. Conclusion: Most childhood poisoning cases were males, accidentally, mainly by oral route and in rural areas, most commonly in age group of 3 - 6 years. Most cases were due to therapeutic medications then pesticide exposures. Most of cases were completely cured.

Drug Abuse in Zagazig University Students, Egypt: Cross Sectional Study, 2018

Background: Drug addiction is a major public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide that annoys the Egyptian government, as it deals with youth within the age of productivity. Aim of the Work: To determine the prevalence of drug abuse among Zagazig University students. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 750 students in Zagazig University from the beginning of November 2015 to the end of November 2016, after an informed verbal consent. Data were collected through a self-administrated questionnaire and the results of screening urine samples. Results: The prevalence of drug abuse in general was 7.41%. The prevalence of drug abuse in descending order was tetrahydrocannabinol (3.9%) followed by tramadol (1.9%) then benzodiazepines (0.67%), while, opium and barbiturates each one of them (0.47%). 18% of them were Polydrug users and were only males. Tramadol was the commonest drug to use in polydrug users. The prevalence of smoking was 16.81% and strongly related to gender as in males 26.1% were current smokers while in females only 1.4%. The prevalence of abusing alcohols was 6%, and all of them were males. Conclusion: The prevalence of drug abuse in Zagazig university students is considered high and a very serious problem damaging the youth and the community. Recommendation: Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to investigate the risk factors of drug abuse and suggest the use of urine analysis for drugs of abuse for all students before joining the university.

Lessons from a methanol poisoning outbreak in Egypt: Six case reports

BACKGROUND Mass methanol poisonings are challenging,especially in regions with no preparedness,management guidelines and available antidotes.CASE SUMMARY Six Ukrainian patients were referred to our emergency department in Cairo,Egypt several hours after drinking an alcoholic beverage made of 70%-ethanol disinfectant bought from a local pharmacy.All patients presented with severe metabolic acidosis and visual impairments.Two were comatose.Management was based on the clinical features and chemistry tests due to deficient resources for methanol leveling.No antidote was administered due to fomepizole unavailability and the difficulties expected to obtain ethanol and safely administer it without concentration monitoring.One patient died from multiorgan failure,another developed blindness and the four other patients rapidly improved.CONCLUSION This methanol poisoning outbreak strongly highlights the lack of safety from hazardous pharmaceuticals sold in pharmacies and limitations due to the lack of diagnostic testing,antidote availability and staff training in countries with limited-resources such as Egypt.

Ameliorative effect of naringenin in intoxication cases recovery

The use of bioactive compounds as alternative medicine in the treatment of some intoxication cases is growing in the last years.Flavonoids are one of these bioactive compounds that are plant-based dietary nutrients.Naringenin is the most influential flavonoid wherein it is found in citrus fruits such as orange,grapefruit,and mandarin.A lot of studies showed the ability of naringenin to scavenge free radicals in different body tissues preventing oxidative stress toxicity and lipid peroxidation.Therefore,naringenin can protect many body organs and systems against toxic manifestations of many drugs and toxic agents.So,it prevents the liver,kidney,heart,testes,and neurological system from toxic effects of a wide range of toxicants.Moreover,it can also ameliorate manifestations of cytotoxicity and developmental toxicity based on its efficacy as an antioxidant.

Histopathological,histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Reaching a postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia is challenging in forensic practice.Therefore,this study was conducted to detect the histopathological,histochemical and biochemical changes that occur in adult albino rats following exposure to induced fatal hypothermia.Twenty-four adult albino rats were divided into the negative control,moderate hypothermia,severe hypothermia and hypoxia groups.Rats in the control group were euthanized when those in the moderate hypothermic group died.Blood samples were collected via heart puncture,and the cerebrum,heart,suprarenal gland,kidney,liver and skeletal muscle were removed to investigate the biochemical,histochemical and histopathological changes.Postmortem assessment depicted significant changes in lipid peroxidation,represented by increased malondialdehyde levels in the studied organs of the rats in hypothermic and hypoxia groups.Histopathological examination of the rats’organs revealed degeneration and necrosis in the hypothermia and hypoxia groups.Sections taken from the severe hypothermic rats revealed a loss of normal cardiac tissue architecture,necrotic changes in the pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex,and massive necrosis,mainly in the tubules of the renal cortex and medulla.These findings suggest that histological changes might be used as biochemical markers for postmortem diagnosing of fatal hypothermia,particularly in severe hypothermic conditions.

Sex Identification Using Fingerprint White Line Counts in a Sample of Adult Egyptians and Malaysians

Background:Fingerprints are unique,persistent,and left on every object touched by bare hands.It can be used as a rapid and inexpensive method for identification.This study focuses on fingerprint white line counts(FWLCs)and its importance in sex estimation.Aim and Objectives:This study aimed to clarify the potential ofFWLC in sex estimation among Egyptian and Malaysian ethnic groups.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on two hundred adult participants,one hundred Egyptians and one hundred Malaysians(50 females and 50 males).Inked fingerprints of ten fingers were obtained from each participant then FWLC was extracted manually for each fingerprint.Results:The mean of females FWLC was significantly higher than males in all fingers in both populations.FWLC of the left index was the most significant predictor of sex in Egyptians,with an accuracy of 82%for males and 78%for females.FWLC more than seven in this digit was an absolute indication of being a female.The most significant predictors of sex in the Malaysian population were the left index and right ring with an accuracy of 80%for males and 71.4%for females and FWLC above six and seven in these fingers,respectively,was an absolute indication of being a female.The absence ofFWLC was more common in males than females in all digits.Conclusions:FWLC is a reliable predictor of sex among adult Egyptian and Malaysian ethnic groups,and females tend to have more FWLC.