Progress in neurorehabilitation research and the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2022

The National Natural Science Foundation of China is one of the major funding agencies for neuro rehabilitation research in China.This study reviews the frontier directions and achievements in the field of neurorehabilitation in China and wo rldwide.We used data from the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) database to analyze the publications and data provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to analyze funding information.In addition,the prospects for neurorehabilitation research in China are discussed.From 2010 to 2022,a total of 74,220 publications in neurorehabilitation were identified,with there being an overall upward tendency.During this period,the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded 476 research projects with a total funding of 192.38 million RMB to support neuro rehabilitation research in China.With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China has made some achievements in neurorehabilitation research.Research related to neurorehabilitation is believed to be making steady and significant progress in China.

The 2010–2020 National Natural Science Foundation of China:Radiation Therapy

Objective This study explains the application number and funding rate of oncology projects undertaken by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),with focus on tumor radiotherapy-related research over the past 11 years.Methods A stratified analysis was carried out on the application and funding status of tumor radiotherapy studies in different NSFC project categories,different research areas,and different tumor types.Research areas that required specific focus,such as immunology-related radiotherapy,multimodality imaging and radiomics,and post-radiotherapy organ injury,were separately analyzed.Results The status and development trends of various related research fields were studied,and the research results were presented with the support of the NSFC,in order to provide reference for future applications and funding allocations.Conclusion The number of applications for funding increases every year.Although the total number of funded projects has also increased every year,the funding rate has decreased year by year.Projects on radiotherapy and immunization have been at the forefront in recent years,and the funding rate for these projects increases yearly.

Brief Introduction to the Foundation of CAI Shidong Award for Plasma Physics

The late Academician Professor CAI Shidong was an outstanding plasma physicist who had made seminal contributions in both fundamental plasma theories and controlled thermonuclear fusion energy research. Professor CAI was also one of the pioneers in China＇s plasma physics research. In 1973, Professor CAI decided to leave U.S.

Seismic Techniques for Surveying the Underground of Shallow Foundations

For civil structures founded on shallow foundations, the ground underneath the foundation often holds the greatest risks of the total structure. This can be due to of a very soft soil layer, an inhomogeneous subsurface or a hidden dangerous object. It would be most favorable when a cheap and quick kind of seismic ＂tap-and-listen＂ technique can be used to detect those risks. The problem is however that an applied pulse or blast always creates a combination of compression-, shear- and surface-waves. These types of waves have different wave velocities and will return therefore at different time intervals. For a shallow subsurface technique, all these waves will overlap, which makes the interpretation very hard. Both the single pulse technique and the single-frequency, multiple wave technique （constant vibration） have been studied, but both techniques have their limitations. It can be concluded from finite element calculations that it will be difficult or even impossible to design good seismic techniques for surveying the underground of shallow foundations for hidden shallow potholes, etc.. The main reason is that the relative amount still present original wave. objects like water pipelines, undetonated bombs, dead bodies, coffins, of reflected energy is simply too low in comparison to the energy of the

HIV Prevalence amongst Pregnant Women Clients Attending Antenatal Clinic at the Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT Centre, Jos Plateau State

Introduction: HIV infection and AIDS is a public health problem worldwide, particularly affecting the populace in resource challenged setting like sub-saharan Africa. Women of reproductive age are mostly affected and infected with the HIV disease. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 216 randomly selected women that booked for antenatal care at the Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT centre Jos between 1st July to 31st December, 2014 was carried out. Information regarding age, parity, gestational age at booking, educational status and HIV sero-status of the clients was analysed. Screening test was conducted in a serial two step approval using determine and UNIGOLD as the confirmatory test, while STAT-PAK was the tie-beaker with discordant result as per the national algorithm. Positive samples were confirmed by western blot method. Result: A total of 18 women out of the 216 women studied were positive giving a sero-prevalence rate of 8.3%. The highest sero-prevalent rate was amongst 25 - 29 years age group (31.5%). Women of parity 1 - 4 constituted the highest group of 62.9%. Majority of the women 65.7% booked in the second trimester while 26.9% booked in the 3rd trimester. Most of the women 47.2% had secondary school education while only 5.6% of them had no form of education. Conclusion: HIV infection prevalence rate among antenatal attendants at Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT centre Jos is still high. Multisectorial approach and intervention strategies should be further scaled up for the prevention of vertical transmission of the virus. However, it is worth noting that it is mainly an HIV/AIDS hospital which should have affected the outcome.

Progress in osteoarthritis research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summarizes the R&D progress related to OA in China in recent years. The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) is a national funding institution for basic research and plays a critical role in promoting and supporting Chinese scholars’ R&D activities. We collected and analyzed information on NSFC funding in the field of OA from 2010 to 2019, including the amount, the level and the program categories of the funded projects. The data fully demonstrate the important and positive role of the NSFC in supporting free exploration, cultivating research teams and young talent, and boosting OA R&D. In this article, we outline and discuss hot topics in focused areas, key advances in this field and the prospects for progress in OA research in China.

Four outstanding young Chinese scientists received the 2013 Scholar Award from the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and the National Foundation for Cancer Research

To facilitate and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China,the US Chinese AntiCancer Association(USCACA)and the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)have established the Scholar Excellence Award for the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Exchange and Fellowship Program in Basic,Translational,and Clinical Studies.Since 2010,10 young Chinese researchers and physicians have received the award for their outstanding achievements in cancer research accomplished while in the

The US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and the National Foundation for Cancer Research recognize five young Chinese investigators with the 2014 USCACA-NFCR Scholar Awards

To facilitate and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China,the US Chinese AntiCancer Association(USCACA)and the National Foundation for Cancer Research(NFCR)have established the Scholar Excellence Award for the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Exchange and Fellowship Program in Basic,Translational,and Clinical Studies.From 2010 to 2013,14 young

Patient involvement in lung foundation research: A seven year longitudinal case study

Patient involvement in health research is getting more accepted over the years. Until recently scientists and medical professionals were the sole assessors of quality and relevance of research proposals. In the Netherlands, as in other European and North American countries, emancipatory, political and democratic developments stimulated the emergence of patient involvement as a new “voice” in the appraisal of research. A time-series cross sectional longi-tudinal case study was used to describe and analyse a seven year period since the introduction of the patients’ perspective in the Long-fonds research cycle. Longfonds, the Lung Foundation in the Netherlands (LFN) was formerly called “Astma Fonds”. The study was conducted using an actors-interaction model against the background of the dynamics in society. The introduction of patient involvement resulted in a paradigm shift. The scientific and societal relevance of research proposals are now being reviewed by all parties in a more ef- fective and efficient way. Patients, now involved in the review procedure of research funding, are trained and equipped with an appraisal tool for societal relevance from a patients perspective. Scientific relevance and societal relevance are evaluated separately and balanced in the re- search funding application approval process. Societal relevance is being evaluated by a pa- tient advocates group. The results show how a government initiative and an approach by a patient organisation have led to more patient involvement in lung research. It requires “believers” both to initiate and continue the work and to promote the lessons learned inside and outside the patient organisation. As this depends on devoted individuals, the continuity of patient involvement remains vulnerable. This seven year study offers valuable insight in patient involvement against the background of the changeing health discourse.

BIFURCATION AND CHAOS OF THE CIRCULAR PLATES ON THE NONLINEAR ELASTIC FOUNDATION

According to the large amplitude equation of the circular plate on nonlinear elastic foundation , elastic resisting force has linear item , cubic nonlinear item and resisting bend elastic item. A nonlinear vibration equation is obtained with the method of Galerkin under the condition of fixed boundary. Floquet exponent at equilibrium point is obtained without external excitation. Its stability and condition of possible bifurcation is analysed. Possible chaotic vibration is analysed and studied with the method of Melnikov with external excitation . The critical curves of the chaotic region and phase figure under some foundation parameters are obtained with the method of digital artificial.

What We Have Learned:“New Foundations for Global Governance”

In a Conference convened at Princeton University in January 2010, international relations experts were asked to consider, among other things, great power leadership and explore what would enable these powers

It's Better to Teach a Man Fishing than to Give him a Fish--An introduction to the international work of China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation

Helen,23,is a smart and strong single mother from Ethiopia.She and her daughter moved to Axum from the countryside,settling in a rented house less than 5 square meters.She wove straw baskets for a living.Her monthly income was only 300 birr(about 80 RMB),of which 120 birr was to pay the rent and the rest barely enough for food.

Congratulatory Letter from the Kazankai Foundation

Chinese Association for International Understanding,On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),the Kazankai Foundation would like to extend sincere congratulations for this.

Increasing Equal Opportunities in Education in Transcarpathia.Talent Development Programmes of the“GENIUS”Charity Foundation

The essential condition of the economic evolution in Transcarpathia is the assistance of young researchers,finding the young talents,supporting their development as well as finding those young people with outstanding achievements and with appropriate knowledge.Searching for,identifying,and developing young people with outstanding abilities is a determining key factor of the competitiveness of a given region;in such a work,a prominent role is given to different educational institutions and talent agencies.Thus concerning this reason,“GENIUS”Charity Foundation has been established in 2011.It carries out a wide range of talent management,talent development and research among the schoolchildren,students,and young researchers.Our aim is to create an integrated system of the talent support programs,to assure equal access in promoting talents,and increase the talented youth’s social responsibility.The Foundation among many others,organizes the Conference of Young Researchers,as well as the Conference of Scientific Students,and operates the nine Talent Points where more than 2,000 children,more than 300 qualified teachers,and nearly 90 schools take part.

To Overcome Difficulties Together:Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the Nepal Office of the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation

“The friendship between the nations lies in closeness of the people,and closeness of the people lies in the connection of hearts.”China and Nepal,situated on the north and south sides of the Himalayas,are connected by mountains and rivers and have been friendly for generations.

Applications and grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China's General Program and Young Scientists Fund in immunology research:a 10-year review(2013–2022)

Immunology,a biomedical discipline with an ancient history of maintaining thriving research vitality to date,refers to the study of the structure and function of the immune system of the body,the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases,immunological diagnoses,and prevention mechanisms(National Natural Science Foundation of China,2023).Immunological research is the foundation of research in biology,as well as basic and clinical medicine(Kubli et al.,2021).

Current status and impact of the Young Scientist Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation on Chinese young scholars in cardiovascular research

Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains the leading cause of disease burden globally,and continued efforts are required in identifying new targets for CVD prevention and treatment(Vaduganathan et al.,2022).Breakthroughs in basic research are urgently needed to fully understand the CVD mechanism and improve clinical treatment modality.

Applications and grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China’s General Program in cardiovascular research:a 10-year review

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the major threats to global human health and the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in China(Liu et al.,2019).Although various strategies have been developed,the prevalence of CVDs is still increasing in China,and many CVDs cannot be managed well(Liu et al.,2019)because of the lack of full elucidation on many basic issues.

促进糖尿病患者足溃疡愈合的干预措施指南(2023年更新版)——《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病相关的足病预防与管理指南(2023)》的一部分

创面处理的原则,包括清创、创面准备和使用涉及改变创面生理以促进愈合的新技术,在试图治愈慢性糖尿病相关的足溃疡时是至关重要的。此外,糖尿病相关的足溃疡的发病率和治疗成本不断上升,这就需要结合作为金标准的多学科治疗已有共识,运用高质量的疗效和成本效益证据来支持和加强慢性糖尿病相关的足溃疡创面愈合的干预措施。本指南是2023年国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)针对促进糖尿病患者足溃疡愈合的干预措施的循证指南。它是对2019年IWGDF指南的更新。我们遵循推荐、评估、发展、评价分级(GRADE)方法,以患者-干预-对照-结果(PICO)形式设计临床问题从而得出重要结果,进行系统综述,制定评判表汇总,并为每个问题撰写推荐和理由。每条推荐的形式都是基于系统综述中发现的证据,并使用GRADE评判汇总项目,包括理想和不理想的效果、证据的可信度、对患者的价值、所需的资源、成本效益、公平性、可行性和可接受性;我们制定的推荐由作者同意并由独立专家和利益相关者审查。根据系统综述和从证据到决策过程的结果,我们提出29条推荐。我们对使用干预措施改善糖尿病患者足溃疡的愈合提出了一些有条件的支持性推荐。这些推荐包括蔗糖八硫酸盐敷料的使用,对手术后的创面使用负压疗法,使用胎盘衍生产品,使用自体白细胞、血小板、纤维蛋白贴剂,使用局部氧疗,以及使用高压氧,但我们强调在任何情况下这些推荐应在单独应用最佳标准治疗无法治愈伤口且有资源可用于干预的情况下使用。这些关于创面愈合的推荐应该有助于提高糖尿病伴足溃疡患者的疗效,我们希望这些推荐能得到广泛的实施。然而,尽管作为推荐基础的许多证据的准确性正在提高,但总体上仍然很差,我们鼓励在这一领域进行更多、质量更好的试验,包括那些有关卫生经济学分析的试验。

活动期糖尿病夏科神经性骨关节病诊疗指南——《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病相关的足病预防与管理指南(2023)》的一部分

国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)自1999年以来发布了糖尿病足病预防和治疗的循证指南。这是IWGDF发布的第一部关于糖尿病患者活动期夏科神经性骨关节病诊断和治疗的指南。我们遵循GRADE方法,以人群-评估-比较-结局(PACO)和人群-干预-比较-结局(PICO)的格式设计临床问题,系统检索医学文献,并提出有依据的推荐。这些推荐是基于我们系统综述的证据,如无证据则参考专家意见,并考虑到与干预相关的受益和危害、患者偏好、可行性和适用性以及成本的权衡。我们在本章节介绍了2023年糖尿病患者活动期夏科神经性骨关节病的诊断和治疗指南,并提出了未来的关键研究方向。