Deformation Nano-Mechanisms Occurring on the Interface of Dissimilar Materials Joined in Solid Phase by Means of High Temperature Rolling

Nano-mechanisms of crystal lattice deformation on the interface of dissimilar materials (Cu-Nb), joined by vacuum rolling in solid phase under high temperature (950℃) were studied by means of high resolution electron microscopy. Input of carriers of rotation modes—nano-dipoles of partial disclinations and nano-twist disclinations in the form of double spirals in deformation mechanisms were analyzed. The role of these mechanisms in decrease of shear stability of the interface areas and in production of high-quality rolled metal is discussed.

New Method of Generation of Carbon Molecules and Clusters

Firstly the method of joint synthesis of carbon molecules and their hydrides is developed. The stage of high-temperature sublimation of carbon in a new method of generation of carbon molecules is completely excluded. By mass spectrometric method the condensation products of new method of pyrolysis (NMP) benzene are studied. Firstly clusters (C3-C17), typical for carbon vapour, in substances obtained under pyrolysis of hydrocarbons were detected. Fullerene C60 and its hydrides, quasi-fullerenes C48 and C33 inproducts of benzene pyrolysis are detected also. Firstly it is shown what clusters C3-C5 can be generated at so low (100?C-200?C) temperatures of decomposition of substance. Obtained experimental results firstly demonstrate that the small carbon molecules can be generated in reactionary conditions excluding evaporation of carbon. Dehydrogenation and destruction of hydrocarbon molecules is the first stage on a route of the transformation of benzene to carbon molecules.

Study of Thermolysis of Hydrogenated Carbon Molecules as Products of Fullerenization of Benzene, Xylene, Ethanol and Pyridine

Novel essentially distinct from already known (methods of hydrogenation of fullerenes (C60 and C70) or fullerite) method for the synthesis of highly hydrogenated carbon molecules is developed;such approach is perspective hydrogen capacity accumulators. First, the reactionary conditions are created for the realization of the process of fullerenization as direct transformation of molecules of aromatic hydrocarbons, pyridine and ethanol into carbon molecules, fulleranes (С60Н8-С60Н60 and С70Н8-С70Н44) and quasi-fulleranes (CnHn-6-CnHn-2 (n = 20 - 46)) containing up to 5.7 wt% hydrogen. X-ray amorphous powders of hydrogenated carbon molecules in gram amounts are obtained. Appreciable dehydrogenation of such samples of fulleranes and quasi-fulleranes at ~50&degC is began, while dehydrogenation of synthesized from fullerene (or fullerite) fulleranes is observed only at temperatures above 400&degC. Methods of NMR, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry MALDI and temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry EI are used for the study of condensed products of fullerenization of precursors molecules.

Experimental evidence for type-1.5 superconductivity in ZrB_(12)single crystal

Recent studies proposed the two-band effect and the related type-1.5 superconductivity in Zr B12single crystal.Here,by combining both macroscopic and microscopic measurements,the superconducting properties and the intricate vortex matter of Zr B12are studied in detail.The vortex phase diagram is constructed,where the temperature dependence of the upper critical field can be well reproduced using a two-band Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg(WHH)model.A pronounced surface superconductivity is also found in the same temperature range,where the semi-Meissner state is observed.Both phenomena are attributed to the weakly coupled two-band effect.The direct visualization of the semi-Meissner state exhibits an inhomogeneous distribution of vortex clusters,vortex chains and large Meissner areas.With the increase of magnetic field,a transition from the semi-Meissner state to the mixed state is revealed and further supported by statistical analysis of the vortex pattern.Our results provide direct experimental evidence for the type-1.5 superconductivity in ZrB_(12).