Effect of Autologus Platelet-Rich Plasma on IL-6, MMP-3 and MCP-1 Expression in Synoviocytes from Osteoarthritic Patients Knees

Nowadays, some studies reported promising results of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the effects of PRP on prevention of osteoarthritis in knee joints have been debated. The present study investigated the effects of PRP on osteoarthritis related inflammatory cytokines expressed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from osteoarthritic knees. The synovial tissues were harvested from eight osteoarthritic patients who had undertaken total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) and cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS. Platelet-rich plasma releasate (PRPr) was made by clotting or activation of PRP by citrate. The levels of PDGF-AA and VEGF in PRPr and whole blood were measured with ELISA method. The FLS were isolated and cultured from osteoarthritic knees. The IL-1β stimulated FLS were cultivated with three different conditions (none, 1% and 10% of PRP). To determine the expression of IL-6, MMP-3, and MCP-1, we used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The concentrations of platelet count in PRP were about 7 to 9 times higher than those of whole blood. The levels of PDGF-AA in PRPr were approximately 3 to 4 times higher than those of whole blood. The levels of VEGF in PRPr were also significantly 7 to 18 times higher than those of whole blood. Without induction of the FLS with IL-1β, 1% or 10% PRPr did not reduce expressions of inflammatory proteins (MMP-3, MCP-1), except for IL-6. However, with induction of the FLS with IL-1β, both concentrations (1% and 10%) of PRPr reduced significantly all inflammatory protein expressions (IL-6, MMP-3, MCP-1). PRPr diminished inflammatory IL-1β-mediated effects on human osteoarthritic fibroblast-like synoviocytes. These results suggest that platelet-rich plasma can be a good therapeutic option for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Rapid switching and durable on-chip spark-cavitation-bubble cell sorter

Precise and high-speed sorting of individual target cells from heterogeneous populations plays an imperative role in cell research.Although the conventional fluorescence-activated cell sorter(FACs)is capable of rapid and accurate cell sorting,it occupies a large volume of the instrument and inherently brings in aerosol generation as well as crosscontamination among samples.The sorting completed in a fully enclosed and disposable microfluidic chip has the potential to eliminate the above concerns.However,current microfluidic cell sorters are hindered by the high.complexities of the fabrication procedure and the off-chip setup.In this paper,a spark-cavitation-bubble-based fluorescence-activated cell sorter is developed to perform fast and accurate sorting in a microfluidic chip.It features a simple structure and an easy operation.This microfluidic sorter comprises a positive electrode of platinum and a negative electrode of tungsten,which are placed on the side of the main channel.By applying a high-voltage discharge on the pair of electrodes,a single spark cavitation bubble is created to deflect the target particle into the downstream collection channel.The sorter has a short switching time of 150μs and a long lifespan of more than 100 million workable actions.In addition,a novel control strategy is proposed to dynamically adjust the discharge time to stabilize the size of the cavitation bubble for continuous sorting.The dynamic control of continuously triggering the sorter,the optimal delay time between fluorescence detection and cell sorting,and a theoretical model to predict the ideal sorting recovery and purity are studied to improve and evaluate the sorter performance.The experiments demonstrate that the sorting rate of target particles achieves 1200 eps,the total analysis throughput is up to 10,000 eps,the particles sorted at 4000 eps exhibit a purity greater than 80%and a recovery rate greater than 90%,and the sorting effect on the viability of HelLa cells is negligible.

Renal cell carcinoma escapes NK cell-mediated immune surveillance through the downregulation of DNAM-1

Dear Editor,The activating receptor DNAX accessory molecule-1(DNAM-1)plays an important role in T and natural killer(NK)cell-mediated cytotoxicity via the interaction with its ligands poliovirus receptor(PVR,CD155)and Nectin-2(CD112).Compared with peripheral blood NK cells,tumor-infiltrating NK cells show reduced expression of DNAM-1 across several solid tumors,including ovarian and breast cancer resulting in impaired NK cell function.Early studies reported an inverse correlation between DNAM-1 expression and its ligands in leukemic blasts and ovarian cancer[1].

Transplantation of bone marrow derived macrophages reduces markers of neuropathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model

Background:We investigated early hallmarks of putative therapeutic effects following systemic transplantation of bone marrow derived macrophages(BM-M)in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.Method:BM-M were transplanted into the tail vein and the animals analysed 1 month later.Results:BM-M transplantation promoted the reduction of the amyloid beta[37-42]plaque number and size in the cortex and hippocampus of the treated mice,but no change in the more heavily modified pyroglutamate amyloid beta E3 plaques.The number of phenotypically‘small’microglia increased in the hippocampus.Astrocyte size decreased overall,indicating a reduction of activated astrocytes.Gene expression of interleukin 6 and 10,interferongamma,and prostaglandin E receptor 2 was significantly lower in the hippocampus,while interleukin 10 expression was elevated in the cortex of the treated mice.Conclusions:BM-M systemically transplanted,promote a decrease in neuroinflammation and a limited reversion of amyloid pathology.This exploratory study may support the potential of BM-M or microglia-like cell therapy and further illuminates the mechanisms of action associated with such transplants.