Dynamic geomorphology and storm response characteristics of the promontory-straight beach-a case of Gulei Beach, Fujian

As one of the main areas of tropical storm action in the northwestern Pacific Ocean,South China experiences several typhoons each year,and coastal erosion is a problem,making the area a natural testing ground for studying the dynamic geomorphological processes and storm response of promontory-straight coasts.This study is based on three years of topographic data and remote sensing imagery of Gulei Beach and uses topographic profile morphology,single width erosion-accretion and mean change,combined with the Coastsat model to quantify the seasonal and interannual variability and storm response of the beach and to explain the evolution of shoreline change and beach dynamics geomorphology in the last decade.Gulei Beach has been in a state of overall erosion and local accretion for a long time,with relatively obvious cyclical changes;seasonal changes are also obvious,which are mainly characterized by summer accretion and winter erosion,with accretion at the top of the bay and accretion and erosion on the north and south sides of the bay corner,respectively;the seasonal erosion-accretion volume of the beach profile ranges from-80 m3/m to 95.52 m3/m,and the interannual erosion-accretion volume ranges from-69.09 m3/m to 87.31 m3/m.The response of beaches to typhoons with different paths varies greatly depending on the length,slope,orientation and scale of beach development.The large and gently developing Futou beach is less responsive to storms,while the less developed headlands in the southern Gulei Peninsula are more susceptible to disturbance by external factors and respond more strongly to typhoons.Storm distance is more influential than storm intensity.Under the influence of human activities,obvious erosion hotspots develop during normal weather,but storm processes produce redistribution of beach material patterns,and erosion hotspots disappear after storms.The results of this study enrich the theory of beach dynamics geomorphology and provide technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation,as well as ecological restoration of coastal zones.

The underlying mechanism of variety–water–nitrogen–stubble damage interactions on yield formation in ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting

Agronomic measures are the key to promote the sustainable development of ratoon rice by reducing the damage from mechanical crushing to the residual stubble of the main crop, thereby mitigating the impact on axillary bud sprouting and yield formation in ratoon rice. This study used widely recommended conventional rice Jiafuzhan and hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 as the test materials to conduct a four-factor block design field experiment in a greenhouse of the experimental farm of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, China from 2018 to 2019.The treatments included fertilization and no fertilization, alternate wetting and drying irrigation and continuous water flooding irrigation, and plots with and without artificial crushing damage on the rice stubble. At the same time, a 13C stable isotope in-situ detection technology was used to fertilize the pot experiment. The results showed significant interactions among varieties, water management, nitrogen application and stubble status.Relative to the long-term water flooding treatment, the treatment with sequential application of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with moderate field drought for root-vigor and tiller promotion before and after harvesting of the main crop, significantly improved the effective tillers from low position nodes. This in turn increased the effective panicles per plant and grains per panicle by reducing the influence of artificial crushing damage on rice stubble and achieving a high yield of the regenerated rice. Furthermore, the partitioning of 13C assimilates to the residual stubble and its axillary buds were significantly improved at the mature stage of the main crop, while the translocation rate to roots and rhizosphere soil was reduced at the later growth stage of ratooning season rice. This was triggered by the metabolism of hormones and polyamines at the stem base regulated by the interaction of water and fertilizer at this time. We therefore suggest that to achieve a high yield of ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting, the timely application of nitrogen fertilizer is fundamental,coupled with moderate field drying for root-vigor preservation and tiller promotion before and after the mechanical harvesting of the main crop.

Effects of Poria cocos polysaccharide on growth performance,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus

The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes due to excessive intensive farming,such as slow animal growth,frequent disease,and lipid metabolism disorders.These problems have limited the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry,and a continuable solution is required.The use of fungal polysaccharide appears to provide a solution to these problems.Therefore,different supplemented levels of Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,and 2.0 g/kg,respectively)were fed to spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)in similar size(30.28±0.18 g)in current study.The effects of PCP on growth,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass were investigated after a 4-week rearing period.Results showed,fish with PCP intake presented a significantly higher weight gain,specific growth rate,and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio.Significantly higher trypsin activity in liver and intestine were observed in fish with PCP intake.The superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of fish with PCP intake were significantly improved,while significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic catalase activity were also observed.However,no significant differences in lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity were evident among groups.Fish with PCP intake showed a significantly lower total cholesterol,but no noteworthy change in triglyceride and lipid-metabolismrelated genes expression were observed among groups.Results indicated that intake of PCP has a positive effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of spotted sea bass,but seems to have a limited effect on the non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass.Based on the regression analysis results,1.4 g/kg of PCP is the optimal dose for spotted sea bass in size(30.28±0.18 g).

An Improved JSO and Its Application in Spreader Optimization of Large Span Corridor Bridge

In this paper,given the shortcomings of jellyfish search algorithmwith low search ability in the early stage and easy to fall into local optimal solution,this paper introduces adaptive weight function and elite strategy,improving the global search scope in the early stage and the ability to refine the local development in the later stage.In the numerical study,the benchmark problem of dimensional optimization with a 10-bar truss structure and simultaneous dimensional shape optimization with a 15-bar truss structure is adopted,and the corresponding penalty method is used for constraint treatment.The test results show that the improved jellyfish search algorithm can provide better truss sections as well as weights.Because when the steel main truss of the large-span covered bridge is lifted,the site is limited and the large lifting equipment cannot enter the site,and the original structure does not meet the problem of stress concentration and large deformation of the bolt group,so the spreader is used to lift,and the improved jellyfish search algorithm is introduced into the design optimization of the spreader.The results show that the improved jellyfish algorithm can efficiently and accurately find out the optimal shape and weight of the spreader,and throughMidas Civil simulation,the spreader used canmeet the requirements of weight and safety.

In situ direct reprogramming of astrocytes to neurons via polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 knockdown in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

In situ direct reprogramming technology can directly convert endogenous glial cells into functional neurons in vivo for central nervous system repair. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1(PTB) knockdown has been shown to reprogram astrocytes to functional neurons in situ. In this study, we used AAV-PHP.e B-GFAP-sh PTB to knockdown PTB in a mouse model of ischemic stroke induced by endothelin-1, and investigated the effects of GFAP-sh PTB-mediated direct reprogramming to neurons. Our results showed that in the mouse model of ischemic stroke, PTB knockdown effectively reprogrammed GFAP-positive cells to neurons in ischemic foci, restored neural tissue structure, reduced inflammatory response, and improved behavioral function. These findings validate the effectiveness of in situ transdifferentiation of astrocytes, and suggest that the approach may be a promising strategy for stroke treatment.

WNT7A promotes tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via activating FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling

Wnt signaling are critical pathway involved in organ development, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. WNT7A, a member of the Wnt family, remains poorly understood in terms of its role and the underlying molecular mechanisms it entails in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), transcriptome sequencing data of HNSCC, the expression level of WNT7A in tumors was found to be higher than in adjacent normal tissues, which was validated using Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, overexpression of WNT7A did not activate the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway in HNSCC. Instead, our findings suggested that WNT7A potentially activated the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to enhanced cell proliferation, self-renewal, and resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model, high expression of WNT7A and phosphorylated STAT3 was observed, which positively correlated with tumor progression.These findings underscore the significance of WNT7A in HNSCC progression and propose the targeting of key molecules within the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 pathway as a promising strategy for precise treatment of HNSCC.

Pollution source identification methods and remediation technologies of groundwater: A review

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient remediation.Then,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic costs.The methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical modeling.Among these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution sources.The remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation location.The in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary pollution.The ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high costs.Different methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different conditions.To achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of pollutants.Additionally,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.

Reduction of photodynamic damage of blood vessels in the protected region by(–)-epigallocatechin gallate

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been increasingly used in the clinical treatment of neoplastic,inflammatory and infectious skin diseases.However,the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)may induce undesired side effects in normal tissue surrounding the treatment lesion,which is a big challenge for the clinical application of PDT.To date,(–)-Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)has been widely proposed as an antiangiogenic and antitumor agent for the protection of normal tissue from ROS-mediated oxidative damage.This study evaluates the regulation ability of EGCG for photodynamic damage of blood vessels during hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether(Hemoporfin)-mediated PDT.The quenching rate constants of EGCG for the triplet-state Hemoporfin and photosensitized 1O2 generation are determined to be 6.8×10^(8)M^(−1)S^(−1),respectively.The vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the protected region treated with EGCG hydrogel after PDT is lower than that of the control region treated with pure hydrogel,suggesting an efficiently reduced photodamage of Hemoporfin for blood vessels treated with EGCG.This study indicates that EGCG is an efficient quencher for triplet-state Hemoporfin and 1O2,and EGCG could be potentially used to reduce the undesired photodamage of normal tissue in clinical PDT.

Preoperative prediction of lymphovascular and perineural invasion in gastric cancer using spectral computed tomography imaging and machine learning

BACKGROUND Lymphovascular invasion(LVI)and perineural invasion(PNI)are important prognostic factors for gastric cancer(GC)that indicate an increased risk of metastasis and poor outcomes.Accurate preoperative prediction of LVI/PNI status could help clinicians identify high-risk patients and guide treatment deci-sions.However,prior models using conventional computed tomography(CT)images to predict LVI or PNI separately have had limited accuracy.Spectral CT provides quantitative enhancement parameters that may better capture tumor invasion.We hypothesized that a predictive model combining clinical and spectral CT parameters would accurately preoperatively predict LVI/PNI status in GC patients.AIM To develop and test a machine learning model that fuses spectral CT parameters and clinical indicators to predict LVI/PNI status accurately.METHODS This study used a retrospective dataset involving 257 GC patients(training cohort,n=172;validation cohort,n=85).First,several clinical indicators,including serum tumor markers,CT-TN stages and CT-detected extramural vein invasion(CT-EMVI),were extracted,as were quantitative spectral CT parameters from the delineated tumor regions.Next,a two-step feature selection approach using correlation-based methods and information gain ranking inside a 10-fold cross-validation loop was utilized to select informative clinical and spectral CT parameters.A logistic regression(LR)-based nomogram model was subsequently constructed to predict LVI/PNI status,and its performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).RESULTS In both the training and validation cohorts,CT T3-4 stage,CT-N positive status,and CT-EMVI positive status are more prevalent in the LVI/PNI-positive group and these differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).LR analysis of the training group showed preoperative CT-T stage,CT-EMVI,single-energy CT values of 70 keV of venous phase(VP-70 keV),and the ratio of standardized iodine concentration of equilibrium phase(EP-NIC)were independent influencing factors.The AUCs of VP-70 keV and EP-NIC were 0.888 and 0.824,respectively,which were slightly greater than those of CT-T and CT-EMVI(AUC=0.793,0.762).The nomogram combining CT-T stage,CT-EMVI,VP-70 keV and EP-NIC yielded AUCs of 0.918(0.866-0.954)and 0.874(0.784-0.936)in the training and validation cohorts,which are significantly higher than using each of single independent factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The study found that using portal venous and EP spectral CT parameters allows effective preoperative detection of LVI/PNI in GC,with accuracy boosted by integrating clinical markers.

Assimilating FY-4A AGRI Radiances with a Channel-Sensitive Cloud Detection Scheme for the Analysis and Forecasting of Multiple Typhoons

This paper presents an attempt at assimilating clear-sky FY-4A Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager(AGRI)radiances from two water vapor channels for the prediction of three landfalling typhoon events over the West Pacific Ocean using the 3DVar data assimilation(DA)method along with the WRF model.A channel-sensitive cloud detection scheme based on the particle filter(PF)algorithm is developed and examined against a cloud detection scheme using the multivariate and minimum residual(MMR)algorithm and another traditional cloud mask–dependent cloud detection scheme.Results show that both channel-sensitive cloud detection schemes are effective,while the PF scheme is able to reserve more pixels than the MMR scheme for the same channel.In general,the added value of AGRI radiances is confirmed when comparing with the control experiment without AGRI radiances.Moreover,it is found that the analysis fields of the PF experiment are mostly improved in terms of better depicting the typhoon,including the temperature,moisture,and dynamical conditions.The typhoon track forecast skill is improved with AGRI radiance DA,which could be explained by better simulating the upper trough.The impact of assimilating AGRI radiances on typhoon intensity forecasts is small.On the other hand,improved rainfall forecasts from AGRI DA experiments are found along with reduced errors for both the thermodynamic and moisture fields,albeit the improvements are limited.

Development and Application of a Power Law Constitutive Model for Eddy Current Dampers

Eddy current dampers (ECDs) have emerged as highly desirable solutions for vibration control due to theirexceptional damping performance and durability. However, the existing constitutive models present challenges tothe widespread implementation of ECD technology, and there is limited availability of finite element analysis (FEA)software capable of accurately modeling the behavior of ECDs. This study addresses these issues by developing anewconstitutivemodel that is both easily understandable and user-friendly for FEAsoftware. By utilizing numericalresults obtained from electromagnetic FEA, a novel power law constitutive model is proposed to capture thenonlinear behavior of ECDs. The effectiveness of the power law constitutive model is validated throughmechanicalproperty tests and numerical seismic analysis. Furthermore, a detailed description of the application process ofthe power law constitutive model in ANSYS FEA software is provided. To facilitate the preliminary design ofECDs, an analytical derivation of energy dissipation and parameter optimization for ECDs under harmonicmotionis performed. The results demonstrate that the power law constitutive model serves as a viable alternative forconducting dynamic analysis using FEA and optimizing parameters for ECDs.

Knock-out of BnHva22c reduces the susceptibility of Brassica napus to infection with the fungal pathogen Verticillium longisporum

Verticillium longisporum(Vl43)is a soilborne hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen causing stem striping on oilseed rape(OSR)and severe yield losses.Breeding for resistant varieties is the most promising approach to control this disease.Here,we report the identification of Hva22c as a novel susceptibility factor and its potential for improving OSR resistance.Hva22c is a member of the Hva22 gene family,originally described for barley(Hordeum vulgare).Several Hva22 members have been located at the endoplasmic reticulum.Hva22c is up-regulated in response to Vl43 in both Arabidopsis and OSR.We demonstrate that knock-out of Hva22c in OSR by CRISPR/Cas9 and its homolog in Arabidopsis by T-DNA insertion reduced plants’susceptibility to Vl43 infection and impaired the development of disease symptoms.To understand the underlying mechanism,we analysed transcriptomic data from infected and non-infected roots of hva22c knock-out and wild type plants.We identified a homozygous mutant with frame-shifts in all four BnHva22c loci displaying a vastly altered transcriptional landscape at 6 dpi.Significantly,a large set of genes was suppressed under mock conditions including genes related to the endomembrane systems.Among the up-regulated genes we found several defense-related and phytohormone-responsive genes when comparing mutant to the wild type.These results demonstrate that Hva22c is functionally required for a fully compatible plant-fungus interaction.Its loss of function reduces plant susceptibility,most likely due to endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi dysfunction accompanied by additionally activated defense responses.These findings can help improve OSR resistance to V.longisporum infection.

AcWRKY28 mediated activation of AcCPK genes confers salt tolerance in pineapple(Ananas comosus)

Unfavorable environmental cues severely affect crop productivity resulting in significant economic losses to farmers. In plants, multiple regulatory genes, such as the WRKY transcription factor (TF) family, modulate the expression of defense genes. However, the role of the pineapple WRKY genes is poorly understood. Here, we studied the pineapple WRKY gene, AcWRKY28, by generating AcWRKY28 over-expressing transgenic pineapple plants. Overexpression of AcWRKY28 enhanced the salt stress resistance in transgenic pineapple lines. Comparative transcriptome analysis of transgenic and wild-type pineapple plants showed that “plant-pathogen interaction” pathway genes, including 9calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), were up-regulated in AcWRKY28 over-expressing plants. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast one-hybrid assays revealed AcCPK12, AcCPK3, AcCPK8, AcCPK1, and AcCPK15 as direct targets of AcWRKY28. Consistently, the study of AcCPK12 over-expressing Arabidopsis lines showed that AcCPK12 enhances salt, drought, and disease resistance. This study shows that AcWRKY28 plays a crucial role in promoting salt stress resistance by activating the expression of AcCPK genes.

Prevalence and Genotypes of Rotavirus A and Human Adenovirus among Hospitalized Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Fujian, China, 2009-2017

Gastroenteritis is an infectious diarrhea that has been considered as an important cause of hospitalizations and death in children aged < 5 years, particularly in developing countries. Unsanitary water, contaminated food, poor hygiene, and inadequate disposal of waste and feces are all risk factors for gastroenteritis, resulting in the higher incidence in developing countries. Gastroenteritis is generally caused by viral infections, among which rotavirus (RV) infections have been reported to be the most common, especially among young children aged < 5 years with acute gastroenteritis in Asia and Africa[1]. Other viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis include human Adenovirus (HAdV), Norovirus, Sapovirus (SaV), human Astrovirus (HAstV), and Aichi virus. Recent research has reported that adenovirus types 40 and 41, belonging to species F, cause gastroenteritis and were therefore termed as enteric adenoviruses. In addition, non-enteric HAdV species such as A, B, C, and D have been associated with diarrheal.

Description of a Marine Nematode Hopperia sinensis sp. nov.(Comesomatidae) from Mangrove Forests of Quanzhou, China, with a Pictorial Key to Hopperia Species

A new free-living marine nematode species Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. from mangrove forests of Fujian Province, China, is identified and illustrated. Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. is characterized by its cephalic setae 2.4–2.8 μm long or 17%–20% head diameter, and amphids of 2.25–2.5 turns. Lateral differentiation appears with larger, more irregularly distributed dots behind 3–5 transverse rows of dots posterior to amphid. Buccal cavity is consisted of a shallow and weakly sclerotized cup-shaped portion with strongly sclerotized walls of 18–21 μm deep. There are three sclerotized and size-equally pointed teeth at the junction between the two parts. Spicules of 41–45 μm long are slightly curved with broadband velum and central strips at the proximal end. The gubernacula, with apparent lateral guiding pieces, are formed by one central tubular piece that is weakly sclerotized with 11–16 μm long dorso-caudally directed apophyses. There are 13–14 fine tubular precloacal supplements. Conico-cylindrical tail gradually tapers till pointed tail tip. Female is similar to male, but have a longer body and tail. Ovaries are opposed and outstretched, with anterior ovary to the left and posterior ovary to the right of the intestine. A pictorial key to all the valid known species in genus Hopperia is given.

Frequent Import and Multiple Sources of Dengue Fever have Changed the Epidemic Situation of the Disease in Fujian Province,China

Objective The aim of this study was to update the epidemic situation of dengue fever(DF) and provide new insights for the consideration of disease control in Fujian province,China.Methods Details about DF cases in Fujian reported during 2004–2017 were collected and analyzed.The envelope(E) genes of isolates of dengue virus(DENV) were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.Results The number of imported DF cases had increased dramatically since 2013,and the source regions expanded from Southeast Asia to South Asia,America,Oceania,and Africa,as well as the surrounding provinces.This resulted in local outbreaks and indigenous cases of DF that occurred more frequently,with 10 of 13 local outbreaks and 85.9%(1,252/1,458) of indigenous cases reported in2013–2017.Compared with only two coastal cities before 2013,four coastal and one inland city in 2013–2017 experienced the local DF outbreaks.The phylogenetic analysis of E genes confirmed that the import of DENV,not only from abroad but also from the surrounding provinces,played an important role in dissemination and local outbreaks of DF in Fujian.Conclusions The frequent import of DF cases from not only abroad but also the surrounding provinces resulted in increased incidence,frequent local outbreaks,and expansion of distribution in Fujian in recent years.There is a need for urgent measures to improve disease control in this province.

Dynamics of phytoplankton communities in the Jiangdong Reservoir of Jiulong River,Fujian,South China

Phytoplankton blooms occurring in the Jiangdong Reservoir of Jiulong River,Fujian Province,South China,are a potential source of contamination of the drinking water of Xiamen(Amoy)City.To understand the main factors governing phytoplankton composition and succession,we sampled phytoplankton and measured environmental parameters in the reservoir,weekly or biweekly from Jan.2010 to Feb.2012.We identifi ed 123 species of phytoplankton from 7 phyla and 74 genera.The major phyla were Chlorophyta,Bacillariophyta,Cryptophyta,Cyanophyta,and Dinophyta.The main trend in the succession of phytoplankton was from prevalence of Cryptophyta-Bacillariophyta communities to those of Chlorophyta-Cyanophyta.High cell concentrations of Cryptophyta,predominantly Komma caudate,Cryptomonas marssonii,and Cryptomonas erosa,were present in winter,associated with low river discharge and cold water.Bacillariophyta,primarily Cyclotella meneghiniana,Aulacoseira granulata,and Aulacoseira granulata var.angustissima,dominated in early spring,coinciding with high turbulence and low irradiance.During early summer and autumn,Chlorophyta,comprising Scenedesmus quadricauda,Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum,and Pandorina sp.were prevalent during conditions of warmer water temperatures and low turbulence.Cyanophyta,with dominance of Pseudanabaena mucicola,Merismopedia tenuissima and Raphidiopsis sp.increased throughout the summer,coinciding with higher water temperatures and lower nutrient concentrations.Dinophyta content was occasionally high during winter and summer.Peridiniopsis penardii(Dinophyta)bloomed during winter 2009,with a persistently high biomass recorded into early spring.Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that phytoplankton communities were infl uenced by river discharge,irradiance,water temperature,and nutrient concentrations.

Molecular Epidemiology of Coxsackievirus B1-5 Associated with HFMD in Fujian Province, China, 2011-2016

Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a common infectious disease that usually affects children less than 5 years of age.HFMD is caused by human enteroviruses(HEVs).HEVs,members of the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae(small RNA virus)family.

Characteristics and sources of microplastic pollution in the water and sediments of the Jinjiang River Basin,Fujian Province,China

Microplastic pollution is widely distributed from surface water to sediments to groundwater vertically and from land to the ocean horizontally.This study collected samples from surface water,groundwater,and sediments from upper to lower reaches and then to the estuary in 16 typical areas in the Jinjiang River Basin,Fujian Province,China.Afterward,it determined the components and abundance of the microplastics and analyzed the possible microplastic sources through principal component analysis(PCA).As a result,seven main components of microplastics were detected,i.e.,polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyformaldehyde(POM),nylon 6(PA6),and polystyrene(PS).Among them,PE and PP were found to have the highest proportion in the surface water and sediments and in the groundwater,respectively.The surface water,groundwater,and sediments had average microplastic abundance of 1.6 n/L,2.7 n/L and 33.8 n/kg,respectively.The microplastics in the sediments had the largest particle size,while those in the groundwater had the smallest particle size.Compared with water bodies and sediments in other areas,those in the study area generally have medium-low-level microplastic abundance.Three pollution sources were determined according to PCA,i.e.,the dominant agriculture-forestry-fishery source,domestic wastewater,and industrial production.This study can provide a scientific basis for the control of microplastics in rivers.

Coastal environment of the past millennium recorded by a coastal dune in Fujian,China

Coastal dune is a common aeolian geomorphology in a sandy coast,which records the evolution process of the aeolian landscape system and reflects the complex interaction among land surface,atmosphere and ocean.Coast is a sensitive area to global climate change.Restricted by chronology,most previous researches in China focused only on the cause of formation of coastal dunes.In recent years,the development of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating provides a good method and acts as a carrier for coastal dunes to paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental studies.In this study,we selected an aeolian dune at the Anshan archaeological site,Fujian,China as the research object based on field observations.For determining their sedimentary stages and the primary influencing factors,we used the OSL dating method to construct a chronological framework for the aeolian dune.In addition,the sizes of grains were analyzed for identifying factors influencing the winter monsoon during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) in this area.The results showed that the deposition of the aeolian dune was closely related to variations in the winter monsoon intensity.The changes of the winter monsoon were similar to the tendency of the East Asian winter monsoon,although there were several sub-fluctuations.From an overall perspective,the winter monsoon was strengthened during the MWP (1050–1300) .The results of a power spectrum analysis showed that the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon is correlated with sunspot activity.