Plant volatiles have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulat- ing the behavior of Cotesia plutellae, a major larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella, but little is current...Plant volatiles have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulat- ing the behavior of Cotesia plutellae, a major larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella, but little is currently known about the function of each volatile and their mixtures. We selected 13 volatiles of the DBM host plant, a cruciferous veg- etable, to study the electroantennogram （EAG） and behavioral responses of C. plutellae. EAG responses to each of the compounds generally increased with concentration. Strong EAG responses were to 100 μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal and cis-3- hexenol, and 10/zL/mL of trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde with the strongest response provoked by trans-2-hexenal at 100μL/mL. In the Y-tube olfactometer, C. plutellae, was significantly attracted by 1μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde.β-caryophyllene, cis-3-hexenol or trans-2-hexenal significantly attracted C. plutellae at 10μL/mL, while nonanal, benzyl alcohol, cis-3-hexenol or benzyl cyanide at 100μL/mL significantly at- tracted C. plutellae. Trans-2-hexenal significantly repelled C. plutellae at 100 μL/mL. EAG of C. plutellae showed strong responses to all mixtures made of five various com- pounds with mixtures 3 （trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, cis-3-hexenol, benzyl cyanide, farnesene, eucalyptol） and 4 （trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, （R）- （＋）-limonene,β-ionone, farnesene, eucalyptol） significantly attracting C. plutellae. These findings demonstrate that the behavior of C. plutellae can be affected either by individual compounds or mixtures of plant volatiles, suggesting a potential of using plant volatiles to improve the efficiency of this parasitoid for biocontrol ofP. xylostella.展开更多
The diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.),uses sulfatases (SULF)to counteract the glucosinolate-myrosinase defensive system that cruciferous plants have evolved to deter insect feeding.Sulfatase activity is regula...The diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.),uses sulfatases (SULF)to counteract the glucosinolate-myrosinase defensive system that cruciferous plants have evolved to deter insect feeding.Sulfatase activity is regulated by post-translational modi- fication of a cysteine residue by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1).We identified 12 SULF genes (PxylSulfs)and two SUMF1 genes (PxylSumfls)in the P.xylostella genome. Phylogenetic analysis of SULFs and SUMFs from P.xylostella,Bombyx mori,Manduca sexta,Heliconius melpomene,Danaus plexippus,Drosophila melanogaster,Tetranychus urticae and Homo sapiens showed that the SULFs were clustered into five groups,and the SUMFs could be divided into two groups.Profiling of the expression of PxylSulfs and Pxyl Sumfs by RNA-seq and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that two glucosinolate sulfatase genes (GSS),PxylSulf2and PxylSulf3,were primarily expressed in the midgut of 3rd-and 4th-instar larvae.Moreover,expression of sulfatases PxylSulf2, PxylSulf3 and PxylSulf4 were correlated with expression of the sulfatases modifying fac tor PxylSumfla.The findings from this study provide new insights into the structure and expression of SUMF1and PxylSulf genes that are considered to be key factors for the evolutionary success ofP.xylostella as a specialist herbivore of cruciferous plants.展开更多
Subterranean predatory mites are important biological control agents of pests in soil. In order to understand the population characteristics of two predatory mites, Macrocheles glaber Miiller and Stratiolaelaps scimit...Subterranean predatory mites are important biological control agents of pests in soil. In order to understand the population characteristics of two predatory mites, Macrocheles glaber Miiller and Stratiolaelaps scimitus Womersley, we studied their development, survival and fecundity data under laboratory conditions using Coboldia fuscipes Meigen as a food source and analyzed them with the age-stage, two-sex life table. Macrocheles glaber had a significantly shorter developmental time, oviposition period, longevity and lower fecundity than those of S. scimitus. The intrinsic rate of increase (λ), finite rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (C0),net predation rate (C0), and finite predation rate (ω) of M. glaber were significantly lower than those of S. scimitus. Both population parameters and computer simulation implied that S. scimitus is a potential powerful biocontrol agent compared to M. glaber.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the project of National Nat- ural Science Foundation of China （No. 31230061）, and the National Key Basic Research Program of China （No. 2011CB100404） and the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in Fujian （No. 2011J06007）. GMG is supported by the National Thousand Talents Program in China and the Advanced Talents of SAEFA, and LV by the Minjiang Scholar Program in Fujian Province （China） and the Advanced Talents of SAFEA.
文摘Plant volatiles have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulat- ing the behavior of Cotesia plutellae, a major larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella, but little is currently known about the function of each volatile and their mixtures. We selected 13 volatiles of the DBM host plant, a cruciferous veg- etable, to study the electroantennogram （EAG） and behavioral responses of C. plutellae. EAG responses to each of the compounds generally increased with concentration. Strong EAG responses were to 100 μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal and cis-3- hexenol, and 10/zL/mL of trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde with the strongest response provoked by trans-2-hexenal at 100μL/mL. In the Y-tube olfactometer, C. plutellae, was significantly attracted by 1μL/mL of trans-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde.β-caryophyllene, cis-3-hexenol or trans-2-hexenal significantly attracted C. plutellae at 10μL/mL, while nonanal, benzyl alcohol, cis-3-hexenol or benzyl cyanide at 100μL/mL significantly at- tracted C. plutellae. Trans-2-hexenal significantly repelled C. plutellae at 100 μL/mL. EAG of C. plutellae showed strong responses to all mixtures made of five various com- pounds with mixtures 3 （trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, cis-3-hexenol, benzyl cyanide, farnesene, eucalyptol） and 4 （trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, （R）- （＋）-limonene,β-ionone, farnesene, eucalyptol） significantly attracting C. plutellae. These findings demonstrate that the behavior of C. plutellae can be affected either by individual compounds or mixtures of plant volatiles, suggesting a potential of using plant volatiles to improve the efficiency of this parasitoid for biocontrol ofP. xylostella.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31320103922,31230061 and 31301677)the Nationa1 Key Project of Fundamental Scientific Research (“973”Programs No.2011CB1004041 in Chinathe Namral Science Foundation of Fujian Province China(2014J01086)and Outstanding Youth Fellowships for WYH (xjq201403)at FAFU.SM B and PW were both supported by the Jinshan Scholar Fellowships at FAFU.
文摘The diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.),uses sulfatases (SULF)to counteract the glucosinolate-myrosinase defensive system that cruciferous plants have evolved to deter insect feeding.Sulfatase activity is regulated by post-translational modi- fication of a cysteine residue by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1).We identified 12 SULF genes (PxylSulfs)and two SUMF1 genes (PxylSumfls)in the P.xylostella genome. Phylogenetic analysis of SULFs and SUMFs from P.xylostella,Bombyx mori,Manduca sexta,Heliconius melpomene,Danaus plexippus,Drosophila melanogaster,Tetranychus urticae and Homo sapiens showed that the SULFs were clustered into five groups,and the SUMFs could be divided into two groups.Profiling of the expression of PxylSulfs and Pxyl Sumfs by RNA-seq and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that two glucosinolate sulfatase genes (GSS),PxylSulf2and PxylSulf3,were primarily expressed in the midgut of 3rd-and 4th-instar larvae.Moreover,expression of sulfatases PxylSulf2, PxylSulf3 and PxylSulf4 were correlated with expression of the sulfatases modifying fac tor PxylSumfla.The findings from this study provide new insights into the structure and expression of SUMF1and PxylSulf genes that are considered to be key factors for the evolutionary success ofP.xylostella as a specialist herbivore of cruciferous plants.
文摘Subterranean predatory mites are important biological control agents of pests in soil. In order to understand the population characteristics of two predatory mites, Macrocheles glaber Miiller and Stratiolaelaps scimitus Womersley, we studied their development, survival and fecundity data under laboratory conditions using Coboldia fuscipes Meigen as a food source and analyzed them with the age-stage, two-sex life table. Macrocheles glaber had a significantly shorter developmental time, oviposition period, longevity and lower fecundity than those of S. scimitus. The intrinsic rate of increase (λ), finite rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (C0),net predation rate (C0), and finite predation rate (ω) of M. glaber were significantly lower than those of S. scimitus. Both population parameters and computer simulation implied that S. scimitus is a potential powerful biocontrol agent compared to M. glaber.
