Dendritic nanomedicine enhances chemoimmunotherapy by disturbing metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts for deep penetration and activating function of immune cells

Inefficient drug penetration hurdled by the stroma in the tumor tissue leads to a diminished therapeutic effect for drugs and a reduced infiltration level of immune cells.Herein,we constructed a PEGylated dendritic epirubicin(Epi)prodrug(Epi-P4D)to regulate the metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),thus enhancing Epi penetration into both multicellular tumor spheroids(MTSs)and tumor tissues in mouse colon cancer(CT26),mouse breast cancer(4T1)and human breast cancer(MDA-MB-231)models.Enhanced cytotoxicity against CT26 MTSs and remarkable antitumor efficacy of Epi-P4D were ascribed to reduced fibronectin,α-SMA,and collagen secretion.Besides,thinning of the tumor tissue stroma and efficient eradication of tumor cells promoted the immunogenic cell death effect for dendritic cell(DC)maturation and subsequent immune activation,including elevating the CD4^(+)T cell population,reducing CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell hyperactivation and exhaustion,and amplifying the natural killer(NK)cell proportion and effectively activating them.As a result,this dendritic nanomedicine thinned the stroma of tumor tissues to enhance drug penetration and facilitate immune cell infiltration for elevated antitumor efficacy.

Shared and distinct abnormalities of brain magnetization transfer ratio in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder:a comparative voxel-based meta-analysis

Background:Patients with schizophrenia(SCZ)and major depressive disorder(MDD)share significant clinical overlap,although it remains unknown to what extent this overlap reflects shared neural profiles.To identify the shared and specific abnormalities in SCZ and MDD,we performed a whole-brain voxel-based meta-analysis using magnetization transfer imaging,a technique that characterizes the macromolecular structural integrity of brain tissue in terms of the magnetization transfer ratio(MTR).Methods:A systematic search based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,International Scientific Index(ISI)Web of Science,and MEDLINE for relevant studies up to March 2022.Two researchers independently screened the articles.Rigorous scrutiny and data extraction were performed for the studies that met the inclusion criteria.Voxel-wise meta-analyses were conducted using anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping with a unified template.Meta-regression was used to explore the potential effects of demographic and clinical characteristics.Results:A total of 15 studies with 17 datasets describing 365 SCZ patients,224 MDD patients,and 550 healthy controls(HCs)were identified.The conjunction analysis showed that both disorders shared higher MTR than HC in the left cerebellum(P=0.0006)and left fusiform gyrus(P=0.0004).Additionally,SCZ patients showed disorder-specific lower MTR in the anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus,right superior temporal gyrus,and right superior frontal gyrus,and higher MTR in the left thalamus,precuneus/cuneus,posterior cingulate gyrus,and paracentral lobule;and MDD patients showed higher MTR in the left middle occipital region.Meta-regression showed no statistical significance in either group.Conclusions:The results revealed a structural neural basis shared between SCZ and MDD patients,emphasizing the importance of shared neural substrates across psychopathology.Meanwhile,distinct disease-specific characteristics could have implications for future differential diagnosis and targeted treatment.

Polymeric dual-modal imaging nanoprobe with two-photon aggregation-induced emission for fluorescence imaging and gadolinium-chelation for magnetic resonance imaging

Nanoprobes that offer both fluorescence imaging(FI)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)can provide supplementary information and hold synergistic advantages.However,synthesis of such dual-modality imaging probes that simultaneously exhibit tunability of functional groups,high stability,great biocompatibility and desired dual-modality imaging results remains challenging.In this study,we used an amphiphilic block polymer from(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate(OEGMA)and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide(HPMA)derivatives as a carrier to conjugate a MR contrast agent,Gd-DOTA,and a two-photon fluorophore with an aggregation-induced emission(AIE)effect,TPBP,to construct a MR/two-photon fluorescence dual-modality contrast agent,Gd-DOTA-TPBP.Incorporation of gadolinium in the hydrophilic chain segment of the OEGMA-based carrier resulted in a high r_(1)value for Gd-DOTA-TPBP,revealing a great MR imaging resolution.The contrast agent specifically accumulated in the tumor region,allowing a long enhancement duration for vascular and tumor contrast-enhanced MR imaging.Meanwhile,coupling TPBP with AIE properties to the hydrophobic chain segment of the carrier not only improved its water solubility and reduced its cytotoxicity,but also significantly enhanced its imaging performance in an aqueous phase.Gd-DOTA-TPBP was also demonstrated to act as an excellent fluorescence probe for two-photon-excited bioimaging with higher resolution and greater sensitivity than MRI.Since high-resolution,complementary MRI/FI dual-modal images were acquired at both cellular and tissue levels in tumor-bearing mice after application of Gd-DOTA-TPBP,it has great potential in the early phase of disease diagnosis.

Kinetically inert manganese(II)-based hybrid micellar complexes for magnetic resonance imaging of lymph node metastasis

The localization and differential diagnosis of the sentinel lymph nodes(SLNs)are particularly important for tumor staging,surgical planning and prognosis.In this work,kinetically inert manganese(II)-based hybrid micellar complexes(MnCs)for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were developed using an amphiphilic manganese-based chelate(C18-PhDTA-Mn)with reliable kinetic stability and self-assembled with a series of amphiphilic PEG-C18 polymers of different molecular weights(C18En,n=10,20,50).Among them,the probes composed by 1:10 mass ratio of manganese chelate/C18En had slightly different hydrodynamic particle sizes with similar surface charges as well as considerable relaxivities(∼13 mM^(−1)s^(−1)at 1.5 T).In vivo lymph node imaging in mice revealed that the MnC MnC-20 formed by C18E20 with C18-PhDTA-Mn at a hydrodynamic particle size of 5.5 nm had significant signal intensity brightening effect and shortened T1 relaxation time.At an imaging probe dosage of 125μg Mn/kg,lymph nodes still had significant signal enhancement in 2 h,while there is no obvious signal intensity alteration in non-lymphoid regions.In 4T1 tumor metastatic mice model,SLNs showed less signal enhancement and smaller T1 relaxation time variation at 30 min post-injection,when compared with normal lymph nodes.This was favorable to differentiate normal lymph nodes from SLN under a 3.0-T clinical MRI scanner.In conclusion,the strategy of developing manganese-based MR nanoprobes was useful in lymph node imaging.

Structural disruption of melanin-like polymers with boosted UV protection

Manipulating the energy structure of materials represents an efficient way to regulate their light absorption behaviors. For example, constructing donor-acceptor(D-A) structures to increase the polarizability and reduce the energy bandgap of local molecules has been widely used in the field of organic photovoltaics with ordered structures. Remarkably, even in disordered and chaotic systems such as melanin-like polydopamine(PDA), visible and near-infrared light absorption can be significantly improved using this strategy. However, there has been a noticeable dearth of research on the ultraviolet(UV) light absorption regulation of bioinspired polymers with disordered and chaotic architectures by tailoring the D-A microstructures. In this study, a series of benzoheterocyclic molecules with strong electron-donating features screened by molecular simulation calculations were involved in disrupting the D-A structures within PDA. The destruction of D-A structures promoted the increase of the energy band gap and finally boosted the UV absorption of PDA. The resulting PDA nanoparticles with enhanced UV absorption were further employed to fabricate UV shielding composite films to protect the growth of plants from harmful UV radiation. This research may open up new avenues for structural disruption of bioinspired polymers for enhanced photoprotection applications.

A transferrin receptor targeting dual-modal MR/NIR fluorescent imaging probe for glioblastoma diagnosis

The prognosis of glioblastoma(GBM)remains challenging,primarily due to the lack of a precise,effective imaging technique for comprehensively characterization.Addressing GBM diagnostic challenges,our study introduces an innovative dual-modal imaging that merges near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent imaging with magnetic resonance imaging(MR).This method employs superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticies coated with NIR fluorescent dyes,specifically Cyanine 7,and targeted peptides.This synthetic probe facilitates MRI functionality through superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles,provides NIR imaging capability via Cyanine 7 and enhances tumor targeting trough peptide interactions,offering a comprehensive diagnostic tool for GBM.Notably,the probe traverses the blood-brain barrier,targeting GBM in vivo via peptides,producing clear and discermible images in both modalities.Cytotoxicity and histopathology assessments confirm the probe's favorable safet profile.These findings suggest that the dual-modal MRINIR fluorescent imaging probe could revolutionize GBM prognosis and survival rate which can also be extended to other tumors type.

Abnormal brain activity in nonsuicidal self-injury:a coordinate-based activation likelihood meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies

Background:The high prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury(NSSI)in youths demonstrates a substantial population-level burden on society.NSSI is often associated with emotional and social skill deficits.To date,several studies have aimed to identify the underlying neural mechanism of those deficits in NSSI by using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).However,their conclusions display poor consistency.Objective:We aimed to conduct ameta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation(ALE)for fMRI data based on emotional and cognitive tasks to clarify the underlying neural processing deficits of NSSI.Methods:We searched for MRI studies of NSSI in the PubMed,Cochrane,and Embase databases.We identified significant foci for the included studies and conducted two ALE meta-analyses as follows:(i)activation for the NSSI contrast healthy control group and(ii)deactivation for the NSSI contrast healthy controls.Considering the diverse sex composition of study participants and possible bias from one large sample study,we conducted sensitivity analyses for the meta-analysis.Results:Nine studies comprising 359 participants were included,and the results demonstrated substantial activation in NSSI patients compared with healthy controls in two clusters located in the right medial frontal gyrus extending to the rostral anterior cingulate and the left inferior frontal gyrus extending to the insula.Conclusions:The results suggest that individuals with NSSI show brain activity alterations that underpin their core symptoms,including poor emotional regulation and reward processing deficits.Our findings provide new insights into the neuralmechanism of NSSI,whichmay serve as functional biomarkers for developing effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for these patients.

Retro-enantio isomer of angiopep-2 assists nanoprobes across the blood-brain barrier for targeted magnetic resonance/fluorescence imaging of glioblastoma

Glioblastoma(GBM),one of the most common primary intracranial malignant tumours,is very difficult to be completely excised by surgery due to its irregular shape.Here,we use an MRI/NIR fluorescence dual-modal imaging nanoprobe that includes superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPIONs)modified with indocyanine(Cy7)molecules and peptides(ANG orDANG)to locate malignant gliomas and guide accurate excision.Both peptides/Cy7-SPIONs probes displayed excellent tumour-homing properties and barrier penetrating abilities in vitro.

Disruption of the white matter structural network and its correlation with baseline progression rate in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective:There is increasing evidence that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease impacting large-scale brain networks.However,it is still unclear which structural networks are associated with the disease and whether the network connectomics are associated with disease progression.This study was aimed to characterize the network abnormalities in ALS and to identify the network-based biomarkers that predict the ALS baseline progression rate.Methods:Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 73 patients with sporadic ALS and 100 healthy participants to acquire difusion-weighted magnetic resonance images and construct white matter(WM)networks using tractography methods.The global and regional network properties were compared between ALS and healthy subjects.The single-subject WM network matrices of patients were used to predict the ALS baseline progression rate using machine learning algorithms.Results:Compared with the healthy participants,the patients with ALS showed signifcantly decreased clustering coefcient C_(p)(P=0.0034,t=2.98),normalized clustering coefcientγ(P=0.039,t=2.08),and small‐worldnessσ(P=0.038,t=2.10)at the global network level.The patients also showed decreased regional centralities in motor and non-motor systems including the frontal,temporal and subcortical regions.Using the single-subject structural connection matrix,our classifcation model could distinguish patients with fast versus slow progression rate with an average accuracy of 85%.Conclusion:Disruption of the WM structural networks in ALS is indicated by weaker small-worldness and disturbances in regions outside of the motor systems,extending the classical pathophysiological understanding of ALS as a motor disorder.The individual WM structural network matrices of ALS patients are potential neuroimaging biomarkers for the baseline disease progression in clinical practice.

Derivatization based on tetrazine scaffolds:synthesis of tetrazine derivatives and their biomedical applications

Bioorthogonal chemistry is widely used in biological systems and has been trialed in patients,attracting a lot of attention in this century.Tetrazine-based bioorthogonal reactions are essential in chemical biology applications,including cellular labeling,live-cell imaging,diagnosis,drug release,and oncotherapy,due to their tunable rapid reaction kinetics and unique fluorogenic characteristics.However,the scope of de novo tetrazine synthesis is restricted due to the limited supply of commercial starting materials.Therefore,derivatization based on tetrazine scaffolds has been used to synthesize various tetrazine derivatives to enhance the applications of tetrazine bioorthogonal reactions.Herein,the recent advances in tetrazine scaffold-based derivatizations,including tetrazine skeletons,aromatic substituents and alkyl substituents of tetrazines,have been summarized.The advantages and limitations of the derivatization methods and applications of the developed tetrazine derivatives in bioorthogonal chemistry have also been highlighted.

Vaccine adjuvants:mechanisms and platforms

Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines.Despite being widely used in vaccines,their action mechanisms are not yet clear.With a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which the innate immune response controls the antigen-specific response,the adjuvants’action mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated.Adjuvants can be categorized as immunostimulants and delivery systems.Immunostimulants are danger signal molecules that lead to the maturation and activation of antigenpresenting cells(APCs)by targeting Toll-like receptors(TLRs)and other pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to promote the production of antigen signals and co-stimulatory signals,which in turn enhance the adaptive immune responses.On the other hand,delivery systems are carrier materials that facilitate antigen presentation by prolonging the bioavailability of the loaded antigens,as well as targeting antigens to lymph nodes or APCs.The adjuvants’action mechanisms are systematically summarized at the beginning of this review.This is followed by an introduction of the mechanisms,properties,and progress of classical vaccine adjuvants.Furthermore,since some of the adjuvants under investigation exhibit greater immune activation potency than classical adjuvants,which could compensate for the deficiencies of classical adjuvants,a summary of the adjuvant platforms under investigation is subsequently presented.Notably,we highlight the different action mechanisms and immunological properties of these adjuvant platforms,which will provide a wide range of options for the rational design of different vaccines.On this basis,this review points out the development prospects of vaccine adjuvants and the problems that should be paid attention to in the future.

A tumor cell membrane-coated self-amplified nanosystem as a nanovaccine to boost the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody

To improve the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-L1 antibody in immunosup-pressive cancers like triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),induction of immunogenic cell death(ICD)at tumor sites can increase the antigenicity and adjuvanticity to activate the immune microenvironment so that tumors become sensitive to the intervention of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Herein,a self-amplified biomimetic nanosystem,mEHGZ,was constructed by encapsulation of epirubicin(EPI),glucose oxidase(Gox)and hemin in ZIF-8 nanoparticles and coating of the nanoparticles with calreticulin(CRT)over-expressed tumor cell mem-brane.EPI acts as an ICD inducer,Gox and hemin medicate the cascade generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to strengthen the ICD effect,and CRT-rich membrane as“eat me”signal promote presentation of the released antigens by dendritic cells(DCs)to invoke the tumor-immunity cycle.The biomimetic delivery system displays an amplified ICD effect via Gox oxidation,hydroxyl radical generation and glutathione(GSH)depletion.The induced potent ICD effect promotes DCs maturation and cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)infiltration,reversing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to an immunoresponsive one.Treatment with the nanosystem in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody results in distinctive inhibition of tumor growth and lung metastasis,supporting that a potent ICD effect can significantly boost the therapeutic efficacy of the anti-PD-L1 antibody.This self-amplified biomimetic nanoplatform offers a promising means of raising the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Enzyme-triggered deep tumor penetration of a dual-drug nanomedicine enables an enhanced cancer combination therapy

Cancer cells could be eradicated by promoting generation of excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)via emerging nanomedicines.However,tumor heterogeneity and poor penetration of nanomedicines often lead to diverse levels of ROS production in the tumor site,and ROS at a low level promote tumor cell growth,thus diminishing the therapeutic effect of these nanomedicines.Herein,we construct an amphiphilic and block polymer-dendron conjugate-derived nanomedicine(Lap@pOEGMA-b-p(GFLG-Dendron-Ppa),GFLG-DP/Lap NPs)that incorporates a photosensitizer,Pyropheophorbide a(Ppa),for ROS therapy and Lapatinib(Lap)for molecular targeted therapy.Lap,an epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)inhibitor that plays a role in inhibiting cell growth and proliferation,is hypothesized to synergize with ROS therapy for effectively killing cancer cells.Our results suggest that the enzyme-sensitive polymeric conjugate,pOEGMA-b-p(GFLG-Dendron-Ppa)(GFLG-DP),releases in response to cathepsin B(CTSB)after entering the tumor tissue.Dendritic-Ppa has a strong adsorption capacity to tumor cell membranes,which promotes efficient penetration and long-term retention.Lap can also be efficiently delivered to internal tumor cells to play its role due to the increased vesicle activity.Laser irradiation of Ppa-containing tumor cells results in production of intracellular ROS that is sufficient for inducing cell apoptosis.Meanwhile,Lap efficiently inhibits proliferation of remaining viable cells even in deep tumor regions,thus generating a significant synergistic anti-tumor therapeutic effect.This novel strategy can be extended to the development of efficient membrane lipid-based therapies to effectively combat tumors.

Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for intra-articular targeting of cartilage in early osteoarthritis

Early diagnosis of osteoarthritis(OA)is critical for effective cartilage repair.However,lack of blood vessels in articular cartilage poses a barrier to contrast agent delivery and subsequent diagnostic imaging.To address this challenge,we proposed to develop ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPIONs,4 nm)that can penetrate into the matrix of articular cartilage,and further modified with the peptide ligand WYRGRL(particle size,5.9 nm),which allows SPIONs to bind to type II collagen in the cartilage matrix and increase the retention of probes.Type II collagen in the cartilage matrix is gradually lost with the progression of OA,consequently,the binding of peptide-modified ultra-small SPIONs to type II collagen in the OA cartilage matrix is less,thus presenting different magnetic resonance(MR)signals in OA group from the normal ones.By introducing the AND logical operation,damaged cartilage can be differentiated from the surrounding normal tissue on T1 and T2 AND logical map of MR images,and this was also verified in histology studies.Overall,this work provides an effective strategy for delivering nanosized imaging agents to articular cartilage,which could potentially be used to diagnosis joint-related diseases such as osteoarthritis.

Translational application of neuroimaging in major depressive disorder:a review of psychoradiological studies

Major depressive disorder(MDD)causes great decrements in health and quality of life with increments in healthcare costs,but the causes and pathogenesis of depression remain largely unknown,which greatly prevent its early detection and effective treatment.With the advancement of neuroimaging approaches,numerous functional and structural alterations in the brain have been detected in MDD and more recently attempts have been made to apply these findings to clinical practice.In this review,we provide an updated summary of the progress in translational application of psychoradiological findings in MDD with a specified focus on potential clinical usage.The foreseeable clinical applications for different MRI modalities were introduced according to their role in disorder classification,subtyping,and prediction.While evidence of cerebral structural and functional changes associated with MDD classification and subtyping was heterogeneous and/or sparse,the ACC and hippocampus have been consistently suggested to be important biomarkers in predicting treatment selection and treatment response.These findings underlined the potential utility of brain biomarkers for clinical practice.

Investigation of white matter functional networks underlying different behavioral profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Background Cortical functional network alterations have been widely accepted as the neural basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Recently,white matter has also been recognized as a novel neuroimaging marker of psychopathology and has been used as a complement to cortical functional networks to investigate brain–behavior relationships.However,disorder-specific features of white matter functional networks(WMFNs)are less well understood than those of gray matter functional networks.In the current study,we constructed WMFNs using a new strategy to characterize behavior-related network features in ADHD.Methods We recruited 46 drug-nale boys with ADHD and 46 typically developing(TD)boys,and used clustering analysis on restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging data to generate WMFNs in each group.Intrinsic activity within each network was extracted,and the associations between network activity and behavior measures were assessed using correlation analysis.Results Nine WMFNs were identified for both ADHD and TD participants.However,boys with ADHD showed a splitting of the inferior corticospinal–cerebellar network and lacked a cognitive control network.In addition,boys with ADHD showed increased activity in the dorsal attention network and somatomotor network,which correlated positively with attention problems and hyperactivity symptom scores,respectively,while they presented decreased activity in the frontoparietal network and frontostriatal network in association with poorer performance in response inhibition,working memory,and verbal fluency.Conclusions We discovered a dual pattern of white matter network activity in drug-nale ADHD boys,with hyperactive symptom-related networks and hypoactive cognitive networks.These findings characterize two distinct types of WMFN in ADHD psychopathology.

Study design of deep learning based automatic detection of cerebrovascular diseases on medical imaging: a position paper from Chinese Association of Radiologists

In recent years,with the development of artificial intelligence,especially deep learning technology,researches on automatic detection of cerebrovascular diseases on medical images have made tremendous progress and these models are gradually entering into clinical practice.However,because of the complexity and flexibility of the deep learning algorithms,these researches have great variability on model building,validation process,performance description and results interpretation.The lack of a reliable,consistent,standardized design protocol has,to a certain extent,affected the progress of clinical translation and technology development of computer aided detection systems.After reviewing a large number of literatures and extensive discussion with domestic experts,this position paper put forward recommendations of standardized design on the key steps of deep learning-based automatic image detection models for cerebrovascular diseases.With further research and application expansion,this position paper would continue to be updated and gradually extended to evaluate the generalizability and clinical application efficacy of such tools.

Cortical thickness abnormalities in patients with first episode psychosis:a meta-analysis of psychoradiologic studies and replication in an independent sample

Background:Abnormalities of cortical thickness(CTh)in patients with their first episode psychosis(FEP)have been frequently reported,but findings are inconsistent.Objective:To define the most consistent CTh changes in patients with FEP by meta-analysis of publishedwholebrain studies.Methods:The meta-analysis used seed-based dmapping(SDM)software to obtain the most prominent regional CTh changes in FEP,and meta-regression analyses to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics.The meta-analysis results were verified in an independent sample of 142 FEP patients and 142 age-and sex-matched healthy controls(HCs),using both a vertex-wise and a region of interest analysis,with multiple comparisons correction.Results:The meta-analysis identified lower CTh in the rightmiddle temporal cortex(MTC)extending to superior temporal cortex(STC),insula,and anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)in FEP compared with HCs.No significant correlations were identified between CTh alterations and demographic or clinical variables.These results were replicated in the independent dataset analysis.Conclusion:This study identifies a robust pattern of cortical abnormalities in FEP and extends understanding of gray matter abnormalities and pathological mechanisms in FEP.

Difluorocarbene-derived rapid late-stage trifluoromethylation of 5-iodotriazoles for the synthesis of^(18)F-labeled radiotracers

Difluorocarbene has emerged as a valuable intermediate to synthesize fluorides.However,difluorocarbene-derived synthesis of^(19)F/^(18)F-trifluoromethyl triazoles has not been explored.Herein,we reported the Cu(I)-promoted difluorocarbene-derived^(19)F/^(18)F-trifluoromethylation of iodotriazoles using KF/K^(18)F as the fluorine source.This approach rapidly generated a wide range of 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazoles in good yields showing high functional group compatibility.The reaction was effective for late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and^(18)F-trifluoromethylation of iodotriazoles.This work provides a practical synthetic methodology for the development of triazole drugs and^(18)F-radiotracers for positron emission tomography.

Corrigendum to “A tumor cell membrane-coated self-amplified nanosystem as a nanovaccine to boost the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody” [Bioact. Mater. 21 299-312]

The authors regret the incorrect publication of corresponding authors for the article.The corresponding authors have been updated as Hongyan Zhu(hyzhu_hmrrc@126.com)and Kui Luo(luokui@scu.edu.cn),and the same should be updated in the supplementary file as well.