Unlike classic skarn-type scheelite deposits directly acquiring sufficient Ca2+ from surrounding limestones, all of the scheelite orebodies of the Shangfang tungsten(W) deposit occur mainly in amphibolite, and this pr...Unlike classic skarn-type scheelite deposits directly acquiring sufficient Ca2+ from surrounding limestones, all of the scheelite orebodies of the Shangfang tungsten(W) deposit occur mainly in amphibolite, and this provides a new perspective on the mineralization mechanism of W deposits. The ability of hydrothermal scheelite(CaWO4) to bind REE3+ in their Ca2+ crystal lattices makes it a useful mineral for tracing fluid-rock interactions in hydrothermal mineralization systems. In this study, the REE compositions of scheelite and some silicate minerals were measured systematically in-situ by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) to assess the extent of fluid-rock interactions for the Late Mesozoic quartz-vein-type Shangfang W deposits. According to the variations in CaO and REE among scheelite and silicate minerals, the amphibole and actinolite in amphibolite may be able to release large amounts of Ca2+ and REE3+ into the ore-forming fluids during chlorite alteration, which is critical for scheelite precipitation. Furthermore, an improved batch crystallization model was adopted for simulating the process of scheelite precipitation and fluid evolution. The results of both the in-situ measurements and model calculations demonstrate that the precipitation of early-stage scheelite with medium rare-earth elements(MREE)-rich and [Eu/Eu*]N<1. The early-stage scheelite would consume more MREE than LREE and HREE of fluid, which will gradually produce residual fluids with strong MREE-depletion and [Eu/Eu*]N>1. Even though the partition coefficient of REE is constant, the later-stage scheelite will also inherit a certain degree of MREE-depletion and [Eu/Eu*]N future from the residual fluids. As a common mineral, sheelite forms in various types of hydrothermal ore deposits(e.g., tungsten and gold deposits). Hence, the improved batch crystallization model is also possible for obtaining detailed information regarding fluid evolution for other types of hydrothermal deposits. The results from model calculations also illustrate that the Eu anomalies of scheelite are not an effective index correlated to oxygen fugacity of fluids but rather are dominantly controlled by the continuous precipitation of scheelite.展开更多
This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by Charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. Peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods(an organic and natural foods wo...This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by Charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. Peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods(an organic and natural foods workers co-op) in 1971, followed by the Brighton Natural Health Centre-a charity dedicated to teaching ways to improve personal, community and planetary health and wellbeing. He qualified as an acupuncturist in 1978 and in Chinese herbal medicine in 1990. He founded The Journal of Chinese Medicine(UK) in 1979(Fig. 1), and co-authored A Manual of Acupuncture(published in 1998). He is the author of Live Well Live Long: Teachings from the Chinese Nourishment of Life Tradition. He has taught Chinese medicine and health promotion internationally for decades and is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Qi Gong(气功).展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of conditions,progressing from mild steatosis to advanced fibrosis.Sarcopenia,characterized by decreased muscle strength and mass,shares common pat...BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of conditions,progressing from mild steatosis to advanced fibrosis.Sarcopenia,characterized by decreased muscle strength and mass,shares common pathophysiological traits with NAFLD.An association exists between sarcopenia and increased NAFLD prevalence.However,data on the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD and its impact on the outcomes of NAFLD remain inconsistent.AIM To analyze the prevalence and outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with NAFLD.METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies in MEDLINE,Embase,and Scopus from their inception to June 2023.We included studies that focused on patients with NAFLD,reported the prevalence of sarcopenia as the primary outcome,and examined secondary outcomes,such as liver fibrosis and other adverse events.We also used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment.RESULTS Of the 29 studies included,the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD varied widely(1.6%to 63.0%),with 20 studies reporting a prevalence of more than 10.0%.Substantial heterogeneity was noted in the measurement modalities for sarcopenia.Sarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of advanced fibrosis(odd ratio:1.97,95%confidence interval:1.44-2.70).Increased odds were consistently observed in fibrosis assessment through biopsy,NAFLD fibrosis score/body mass index,aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio,diabetes(BARD)score,and transient elastography,whereas the fibrosis-4 score showed no such association.Sarcopenia in NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of steatohepatitis,insulin resistance,cardiovascular risks,and mortality.CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights the critical need for standardized diagnostic criteria and measurement methods for sarcopenia in NAFLD patients.The variability in study designs and assessment methods for sarcopenia and liver fibrosis may account for the inconsistent findings.This review demonstrates the multidimensional impact of sarcopenia on NAFLD,indicating its importance beyond liver-related events to include cardiovascular risks,mortality,and metabolic complications.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 41803012)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M622546)。
文摘Unlike classic skarn-type scheelite deposits directly acquiring sufficient Ca2+ from surrounding limestones, all of the scheelite orebodies of the Shangfang tungsten(W) deposit occur mainly in amphibolite, and this provides a new perspective on the mineralization mechanism of W deposits. The ability of hydrothermal scheelite(CaWO4) to bind REE3+ in their Ca2+ crystal lattices makes it a useful mineral for tracing fluid-rock interactions in hydrothermal mineralization systems. In this study, the REE compositions of scheelite and some silicate minerals were measured systematically in-situ by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) to assess the extent of fluid-rock interactions for the Late Mesozoic quartz-vein-type Shangfang W deposits. According to the variations in CaO and REE among scheelite and silicate minerals, the amphibole and actinolite in amphibolite may be able to release large amounts of Ca2+ and REE3+ into the ore-forming fluids during chlorite alteration, which is critical for scheelite precipitation. Furthermore, an improved batch crystallization model was adopted for simulating the process of scheelite precipitation and fluid evolution. The results of both the in-situ measurements and model calculations demonstrate that the precipitation of early-stage scheelite with medium rare-earth elements(MREE)-rich and [Eu/Eu*]N<1. The early-stage scheelite would consume more MREE than LREE and HREE of fluid, which will gradually produce residual fluids with strong MREE-depletion and [Eu/Eu*]N>1. Even though the partition coefficient of REE is constant, the later-stage scheelite will also inherit a certain degree of MREE-depletion and [Eu/Eu*]N future from the residual fluids. As a common mineral, sheelite forms in various types of hydrothermal ore deposits(e.g., tungsten and gold deposits). Hence, the improved batch crystallization model is also possible for obtaining detailed information regarding fluid evolution for other types of hydrothermal deposits. The results from model calculations also illustrate that the Eu anomalies of scheelite are not an effective index correlated to oxygen fugacity of fluids but rather are dominantly controlled by the continuous precipitation of scheelite.
文摘This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by Charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. Peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods(an organic and natural foods workers co-op) in 1971, followed by the Brighton Natural Health Centre-a charity dedicated to teaching ways to improve personal, community and planetary health and wellbeing. He qualified as an acupuncturist in 1978 and in Chinese herbal medicine in 1990. He founded The Journal of Chinese Medicine(UK) in 1979(Fig. 1), and co-authored A Manual of Acupuncture(published in 1998). He is the author of Live Well Live Long: Teachings from the Chinese Nourishment of Life Tradition. He has taught Chinese medicine and health promotion internationally for decades and is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Qi Gong(气功).
文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of conditions,progressing from mild steatosis to advanced fibrosis.Sarcopenia,characterized by decreased muscle strength and mass,shares common pathophysiological traits with NAFLD.An association exists between sarcopenia and increased NAFLD prevalence.However,data on the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD and its impact on the outcomes of NAFLD remain inconsistent.AIM To analyze the prevalence and outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with NAFLD.METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies in MEDLINE,Embase,and Scopus from their inception to June 2023.We included studies that focused on patients with NAFLD,reported the prevalence of sarcopenia as the primary outcome,and examined secondary outcomes,such as liver fibrosis and other adverse events.We also used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment.RESULTS Of the 29 studies included,the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD varied widely(1.6%to 63.0%),with 20 studies reporting a prevalence of more than 10.0%.Substantial heterogeneity was noted in the measurement modalities for sarcopenia.Sarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of advanced fibrosis(odd ratio:1.97,95%confidence interval:1.44-2.70).Increased odds were consistently observed in fibrosis assessment through biopsy,NAFLD fibrosis score/body mass index,aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio,diabetes(BARD)score,and transient elastography,whereas the fibrosis-4 score showed no such association.Sarcopenia in NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of steatohepatitis,insulin resistance,cardiovascular risks,and mortality.CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights the critical need for standardized diagnostic criteria and measurement methods for sarcopenia in NAFLD patients.The variability in study designs and assessment methods for sarcopenia and liver fibrosis may account for the inconsistent findings.This review demonstrates the multidimensional impact of sarcopenia on NAFLD,indicating its importance beyond liver-related events to include cardiovascular risks,mortality,and metabolic complications.
