Slaughterhouses Wastewater Characteristics in the Gaza Strip

Slaughterhouses generate considerable quantities of wastewater due to the huge amount of blood produced from slaughtering process and the need for cleaning and hygiene of meat. Due to the extraordinary content of organics and minerals, wastewater from slaughterhouses needs special care and treatment for safe disposal to the environment. Currently, wastewater from slaughterhouses in the Gaza Strip is discharged to the public networks without any treatment burdened central wastewater treatment plant, where partially treated effluent discharged to the sea. The aim of this research is to characterize the wastewater from Gaza slaughterhouse to identify the best approach for treatment. Samples from the slaughterhouse were collected during working hours and analysed for physical and chemical parameters. The pH, EC, DO, BOD, TSS, COD, Ammonia Nitrogen and TKN account for 7.1, 3300 μsm, 1.95, 2350, 3500, 4502, 30 and 154 mg/l, respectively. Wastewater from Gaza city slaughterhouse is within the range in comparison to other wastewater from slaughterhouses all over the world.

Successful Management of Carbamate Poisoning among Children: Case Report from Gaza Strip

A bad management of pesticide marketing and use resulted in using extreme toxic pesticides inside houses for controlling public health insects such as cockroaches. A child of two years old was poisoned with pesticide residues after application of pesticides at home for cockroach control. The child with a semi-conscious status was brought to the European hospital in south Gaza with his father along with the empty container of pesticide which was used at home. It appeared that Carbaryl (a carbamate insecticide) was the reason for poisoning. In the intensive care unite the child was washed out with clean water and his cloths were removed to reduced the possible hazards. Blood analysis showed that moderate inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on addition became more sever on due time. Then the child was given several doses of atropine but without any improvement in AChE activity. Then the child was given Obedoxim as an antidote. This resulted in significant improvement of AChE activity. The child continued to receive Obedoxim every day until AChE activity reached the normal range. Blood analysis did not show any traces of Carbaryl. It is recommended to give Obedoxim to the carbamate immediately when someone is poisoned instead of atropine for successful management of the poisoned case.

Methyl gallate isolated from Mangifera pajang kernel induces proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via oxidative stress

Objective:To determine the lead bioactive compound in kernel extract of Mangifera pajang and its anti-cancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines with positive estrogen receptor(MCF-7).Methods:The methanolic extract of dried powder kernel of Mangifera pajang was exposed to column chromatography for isolation.The structural elucidation of the isolated compound was characterized using infrared,nuclear magnetic resonance,mass spectrometry.Furthermore,cytotoxicity,morphological changes,flow cytometry and cell cycle arrest analyses were performed to examine the mechanism of anti-proliferation and apoptosis induced by methyl gallate against MCF-7.Results:One compound was isolated from the methanolic extract of Mangifera pajang kernel and identified as methyl gallate.The flow cytometric results demonstrated induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by three concentrations of methyl gallate.The cell cycle arrest showed a significant(P<0.05)decrease in cell progression at G2/M phase of MCF-7 after treatment with 100μM of methyl gallate.The cell percentage of early and late apoptosis was significant at 10 and 100μM of methyl gallate.Also,methyl gallate treatment induced up-regulation of reactive oxygen species levels in MCF-7 cells with a reduction in superoxide dismutase levels.Conclusions:These findings indicate that isolated methyl gallate from Mangifera pajang kernel extracts induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via up-regulating oxidative stress pathway.

General Relativity without Curved Space-Time (&#8370;R)

The theory of general relativity is related to the concept of curvature of space- time induced by the presence of the massive objects. We will see through this paper that the general relativity can be linked with linear Algebra and Vector Analysis without the need for concept of space-time. This is important for the unification of general relativity with quantum mechanics, gravity with electromagnetic, and a better understanding of the universe, gravity, black holes. The most important is the separation between the space-time and the big bang theory, which prove the existence of space-time before that, which leads to the existence of the creator of the universe.

New Way to Calculate Ricci Tensor and Ricci Scalar

In the theory of general relativity, the finding of the Einstein Field Equation happens in a complex mathematical operation, a process we don’t need any more. Through a new theory in vector analysis, we’ll see that we can calculate the components of the Ricci tensor, Ricci scalar, and Einstein Field Equation directly in an easy way without the need to use general relativity theory hypotheses, principles, and symbols. Formulating the general relativity theory through another theory will make it easier to understand this relativity theory and will help combining it with electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics easily.

Symmetry in Equations of Motion between the Atomic and Astronomical Models

In this paper, we are going to find out a simple way yet extraordinary to the equation of motion of electric charge under the influence of a central force. We’ll find that it is the same as the formula of the common equation of motion in the theory of general relativity which controls the motion of planets around the sun;thus, every electron orbiting around the nucleus has a perihelion which revolves same as Mercury perihelion yet faster 2000 times according to Hydrogen atom, assuming that hydrogen has a perihelion. That is to say, when Mercury perihelion takes three million years to complete a full cycle around the sun, we find that Hydrogen perihelion (here we mean the classical model of atom, not quantitative model of it) revolves around the nucleus at 1.05 × 1012 cycle per second. In addition, the radiation passing near the nucleus deviates same as the deflection of light passing near the sun yet with a greater value according to how close the radiation is from the nucleus, as shown in the discussion. We discussed briefly (but differently) the definition of black holes to affirm symmetry principle between the atomic and astronomical models. Symmetry in equations of motion of a body in the atomic and astronomical models indicates that the Advance of Mercury’s Perihelion, deflection of light passing near the sun, and the definition of black holes are the ABCs of classical physics;however, they are not considered as reliable evidences on the soundness of the principle on which the theory of general relativity is built on, in the presence of a contradiction between the definition of gravity in the general relativity and in the electromagnetic theory.

Precise Ideal Value of the Universal Gravitational Constant G

In this paper, we are going to rely on the first law in physics through which we can obtain a precise ideal value of the universal gravitational constant, a thing which has not happened so far. The significance of this law lies in the fact that, besides determining a precise ideal value of the gravitational constant, it connects three different physical disciplines together, which are mechanics, electromagnetism and thermodynamics. It is what distinguishes this from other law. Through this law, we have created the theoretical value of the gravitational constant Gi and we found it equivalent to 6.674010551359 × 10-11 m3&#183kg-1&#183s-2. In the discussion, the table of measurements of the gravitational constant was divided into three groups, and the average value of the first group G1 which is the best precision, equals the following sum 6.67401×10-11 m3&#183kg-1&#183s-2, and it’s the same equal value to the ideal value Gi that results from the law, as shown through our research that any other experimental values must not exceed the relative standard uncertainty which has a certain amount that is equivalent to a value of 5.325×10-5 and that’s a square value of the fine-structure constant.

Old Mechanics, Gravity, Electromagnetics and Relativity in One Theory: Part I

This paper research is the first part of the scientific theory that seeks to unify the sciences of physics with the minimal number of mathematical formulas as possible. We will prove that all equations of forces in nature can be concised in two mathematical formulas, no difference between gravitational or electrical forces or any other type of Types of conventional forces, and through the equivalence of the concepts of matrix and vector, in this theory we will be linking the four-dimensional forces equations with the classical physics as an introduction to connect the rest of the physical sciences.

The Relation between Thermodynamics and Gravitational Constant (<i>G</i>)

Although many centuries have elapsed since Newton set forth his gravitational law, physics has been unable so far to create an exact theoretical value for the universal gravitational constant (G). Through a simple thought experience (i.e. it may not be possible to perform it), it can be concluded a mathematical formula which links three different physical sciences with each other: mechanics, electromagnetism and thermodynamics in a simple form, it is possible to find an exact value for the gravitational constant using this form. In fact, the importance of this research is that it also tells us more information about the electromagnetic and gravitomagnetic origin of masses, the negative and positive masses (i.e. matter and dark matter), and the smallest possible distance in the universe, which equals 1.0252 × 10-56 m.

EFFECT OF BUILDING PLAN FORM ON HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT IN NATURALLY VENTILATED OPEN-PLAN ENCLOSURES LOCATED IN HOT CLIMATES

This study aims to examine the effect of building plan form on internal thermal comfort conditions in naturally ventilated open-plan buildings located in hot climates.The study examined the square and the rectangular plan forms in relation to several values of wind direction,building plan depth,and climatic conditions.The study utilised CFD for ventilation prediction,DesignBuilder for thermal modelling,and the Tropical Summer Index(TSI)for thermal comfort assessment.These three tools were integrated in a quantitative approach to fulfil the study aim.The study concluded that the use of area-weighted average velocity magnitude is more accurate in the assessment of natural ventilation performance,as it accounts for both internal velocity magnitude and distribution.The study confirmed the common observation that the use of shallow building plans is more effective to increase internal air velocity and improve internal thermal comfort.At some point of increased plan depth,the internal air velocity magnitude dramatically decreases.In the three examined wind directions,this occurred when the plan depth exceeded 3H in the square cases and 2.5H in the rectangular ones,where H is the building height.This value is much less than the commonly recommended maximum value of 5H.The study also concluded that reducing building depth in the square cases has generally more potential to improve thermal comfort conditions when compared with the rectangular cases.The gross increase in Percentage of People Comfortable,PPC,in all the examined cases was 23%in the square cases,compared to 11%in the rectangular cases.