Objective:To address the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationship between different lineages of Anopheles(An.)subpictus species complex in most parts of the Asian continent by maximum utilization of Internal Tran...Objective:To address the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationship between different lineages of Anopheles(An.)subpictus species complex in most parts of the Asian continent by maximum utilization of Internal Transcriber Spacer 2(ITS2)and cytochrome C oxidase I(COI)sequences deposited at the GenBank.Methods:Seventy-five ITS2,210 COI and 26 concatenated sequences available in the NCBI database were used.Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian likelihood trees,whereas median-joining haplotype networks and time-scale divergence trees were generated for phylogeographic analysis.Genetic diversity indices and genetic differentiation were also calculated.Results:Two genetically divergent molecular forms of An.subpictus species complex corresponding to sibling species A and B are established.Species A evolved around 37-82 million years ago in Sri Lanka,India,and the Netherlands,and species B evolved around 22-79 million years ago in Sri Lanka,India,and Myanmar.Vietnam,Thailand,and Cambodia have two molecular forms:one is phylogenetically similar to species B.Other forms differ from species A and B and evolved recently in the above mentioned countries,Indonesia and the Philippines.Genetic subdivision among Sri Lanka,India,and the Netherlands is almost absent.A substantial genetic differentiation was obtained for some populations due to isolation by large geographical distances.Genetic diversity indices reveal the presence of a long-established stable mosquito population,at mutation-drift equilibrium,regardless of population fluctuations.Conclusions:An.subpictus species complex consists of more than two genetically divergent molecular forms.Species A is highly divergent from the rest.Sri Lanka and India contain only species A and B.展开更多
The genetic relationships among twenty-five accessions of Garcinia kola using six Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) primers were evaluated in this study. The highest volume of total genomic DNA (2218/μl) was record...The genetic relationships among twenty-five accessions of Garcinia kola using six Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) primers were evaluated in this study. The highest volume of total genomic DNA (2218/μl) was recorded in ON4 from Ikare, while the highest DNA concentration of 1.93 gl was found in OS3 from Ilesa. The highest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and gene diversity of 93.77% and 0.94 respectively were revealed by primer OPO2 compared to other primers. The dendogram generated from Unweighted Pair Group with Mean Average (UPGMA) clustering delineated two groups, A and B, consisting of 21 and 4 accessions respectively. This study clearly showed the level of molecular diversity in the accessions and the information provided could be utilized for genetic improvement and conservation of Garcinia kola.展开更多
AIM To evaluated the association of the risk factors and polymorphisms in MTHFR C677 T, MTHFR A1298 C, MTR A2756 G and MTRR A66 G genes.METHODS Patients with cirrhosis(n = 116), hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(n = 71) a...AIM To evaluated the association of the risk factors and polymorphisms in MTHFR C677 T, MTHFR A1298 C, MTR A2756 G and MTRR A66 G genes.METHODS Patients with cirrhosis(n = 116), hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(n = 71) and controls(n = 356) were included. Polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion and allelic discrimination technique real-time PCR techniques were used for analysis. MINITAB-14.0and SNPstats were utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS Showed that age ≥ 46 years(OR = 10.31; 95%CI: 5.66-18.76; P < 0.001) and smoking(OR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.28-0.78; P = 0.003) were associated with cirrhosis. Age ≥ 46 years(OR = 16.36; 95%CI: 6.68-40.05; P < 0.001) and alcohol habit(OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.03-3.89; P = 0.039) were associated with HCC. MTHFR A1298 C in codominant model(OR = 3.37; 95%CI: 1.52-7.50; P = 0.014), recessive model(OR = 3.04; 95%CI: 1.43-6.47; P = 0.0051) and additive model(OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.16-2.52; P = 0.0072) was associated with HCC, as well as MTR A2756 G in the additive model(OR = 1.68; 95%CI: 1.01-2.77; P = 0.047), and MTRR A66 G in the codominant model(OR = 3.26; 95%CI: 1.54-6.87; P < 0.001), dominant model(OR = 2.55; 95%CI: 1.24-5.25; P = 0.007) and overdominant model(OR = 3.05; 95%CI: 1.66-5.62; P < 0.001). MTR A2756 G in the additive model(OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02-2.33; P = 0.042) and smokers who presented at least one polymorphic allele for MTRR A66G(OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 0.77-3.82; P = 0.0051) showed increased risk for cirrhosis. There was no association between clinical parameters and polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Age ≥ 46 years, alcohol habit and MTR A2756 G, MTHFR A1298 C and MTRR A66 G polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of HCC development; age ≥ 46 years, tobacco habit and the MTR A2756 G polymorphism are associated with cirrhosis.展开更多
Ganoderma P.Karst.is a cosmopolitan and species-rich genus of mushrooms that can cause root and butt rot diseases on many woody tree species.Many members of this genus are found in tropical and subtropical regions wor...Ganoderma P.Karst.is a cosmopolitan and species-rich genus of mushrooms that can cause root and butt rot diseases on many woody tree species.Many members of this genus are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.Ganoderma species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years for maintaining vivacity and longevity.Some Ganoderma species are well-known for being abundant sources of highly active bioactive substances like polysaccharides,proteins,steroids,and triterpenoids.The numerous metabolic processes of Ganoderma have been studied both in vitro and in vivo.However,it is debatable if Ganoderma is a nutritional supplement that promotes health,or a medication used for therapeutic purposes.Products made from Ganoderma have been marketed as potent food and medication supplements with positive health effects.Over the past three decades,the Ganoderma market has experienced significant growth,and hundreds of products are currently being offered on the market.However,in Sri Lanka,there hasn't been much research on Ganoderma.Hence,a comprehensive account of the historical perspective,recent advances,and future trends of Ganoderma research in Sri Lanka is provided in this review.Furthermore,this review aims to increase the research interest,evaluate the recent developments,and address the missing gaps in research on Ganoderma.展开更多
The placement of the dothideomycetous family Teichosporaceae has been controversial.Recent phylogenetic investigations have used a taxonomic lumping approach with the Floricolaceae and its genera have been synonymized...The placement of the dothideomycetous family Teichosporaceae has been controversial.Recent phylogenetic investigations have used a taxonomic lumping approach with the Floricolaceae and its genera have been synonymized under the earlier fam-ily name,Teichosporaceae.Intergeneric relationships were therefore obscure and proper generic delimitation was needed in upcoming studies.We here taxonomically revised the family Teichosporaceae based on both morphological and phylogenetic evidence.Teichosporaceae species have immersed or semi-immersed,erumpent to superficial,ostiolate ascomata,cellular or trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,cylindrical to oblong or sub-clavate asci and ellipsoid to oblong or fusiform,cylindric-fusiform or oblong to elliptical,ovoid to clavate,symmetric or asymmetric,initially hyaline or pale brown to dark brown or yellowish brown,1-3-septate or muriform ascospores.Asexual morphs are coelomycetous.Type or representative speci-mens of Teichosporaceae were loaned and fresh specimens were collected from China and Thailand.Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined ITS,LSU,SSU,tef1-αand rpb2 dataset were performed to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of taxa and examine monophyly of newly proposed genera.One new species(Floricola festucae),one new host record(Ramusculicola thailandica)and four new combinations(Aurantiascoma nephelii,A.quercus,Magnibotryascoma acaciae,M.melanommoides)are introduced.The broad genus concept of Teichospora is dismissed based on morphological dissimilarities and the monophyletic status of the proposed genera.We accept Asymmetrispora,Aurantiascoma,Floricola,Magnibotryascoma,Misturatosphaeria,Pseudoaurantiascoma,Pseudomisturatosphaeria,Ramusculicola and Teichospora as distinct genera in the Teichosporaceae.All recognized genera are phenotypically characterized and phylogenetically well-supported.The phylogenetic placements of three genera(Chaetomastia,Loculohypoxylon and Sinodidymella),which do not have molecular data cannot be conclusively clarified at present,but are still placed in Teichosporaceae for future studies.展开更多
Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013.A recent publication by Honsanan et al.in 2020 expanded information of f...Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013.A recent publication by Honsanan et al.in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideo-mycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications.In this paper,we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes.Each family is provided with an updated description,notes,including figures to represent the morphology,a list of accepted genera,and economic and ecological significances.We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order.In this study,31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes,and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence.The new order,Catinellales,and four new families,Catinellaceae,Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced.Seven genera(Neobuelliella,Pseudomicrothyrium,Flagellostrigula,Swinscowia,Macroconstrictolumina,Pseudobogoriella,and Schummia)are introduced.Seven new species(Acrospermum urticae,Bogoriella complexoluminata,Dothiorella ostryae,Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus,Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis,Patellaria microspora,and Pseu-domicrothyrium thailandicum)are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny,together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families.Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.展开更多
Scientific names are crucial for communicating knowledge concerning fungi and fungus-like organisms.In plant pathology,they link information regarding biology,host range,distribution and potential risk to agriculture ...Scientific names are crucial for communicating knowledge concerning fungi and fungus-like organisms.In plant pathology,they link information regarding biology,host range,distribution and potential risk to agriculture and food security.In the past,delimitation among pathogenic taxa was primarily based on morphological characteristics.Due to distinct species sharing overlapping characteristics,the morphological identification of species is often neither straightforward nor reliable.Hence,the phylogenetic species concept based on molecular phylogenetic reconstructions gained importance.The present opinion discusses what a fungal species is and how identification of species in plant pathology has changed over the past decades.In this context,host-specialization and species complexes are discussed.Furthermore,species concepts in plant pathology are examined using case studies from Bipolaris,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Meliola,Plasmopara,rust fungi and Trichoderma.Each entry contains a brief introduction to the genus,concepts used in species identification so far and the problems in describing a species followed by recommendations.The importance of correctly naming and identifying a species is addressed in the context of recent introductions,and we also discuss whether the introduction of new species in pathogenic genera has been overestimated.We also provide guidelines to be considered when introducing a new species in a plant pathogenic genus.展开更多
Freshwater Dothideomycetes are a highly diverse group of fungi,which are mostly saprobic in freshwater habitats world-wide.They are important decomposers of submerged woody debris and leaves in water.In this paper,we ...Freshwater Dothideomycetes are a highly diverse group of fungi,which are mostly saprobic in freshwater habitats world-wide.They are important decomposers of submerged woody debris and leaves in water.In this paper,we outline the genera of freshwater Dothideomycetes with notes and keys to species.Based on multigene analyses and morphology,we introduce nine new genera,viz.Aquimassariosphaeria,Aquatospora,Aquihelicascus,Fusiformiseptata,Neohelicascus,Neojahnula,Pseudojahnula,Purpureofaciens,Submersispora;33 new species,viz.Acrocalymma bipolare,Aquimassariosphaeria kun-mingensis,Aquatospora cylindrica,Aquihelicascus songkhlaensis,A.yunnanensis,Ascagilis submersa,A.thailandensis,Bambusicola aquatica,Caryospora submersa,Dictyocheirospora thailandica,Fusiformiseptata crocea,Helicosporium thai-landense,Hongkongmyces aquaticus,Lentistoma aquaticum,Lentithecium kunmingense,Lindgomyces aquaticus,Longipedi-cellata aquatica,Neohelicascus submersus,Neohelicomyces dehongensis,N.thailandicus,Neohelicosporium submersum,Nigrograna aquatica,Occultibambusa kunmingensis,Parabambusicola aquatica,Pseudoasteromassaria aquatica,Pseu-doastrosphaeriella aquatica,Pseudoxylomyces aquaticus,Purpureofaciens aquatica,Roussoella aquatica,Shrungabeeja aquatica,Submersispora variabilis,Tetraploa puzheheiensis,T.yunnanensis;16 new combinations,viz.Aquimassariospha-eria typhicola,Aquihelicascus thalassioideus,Ascagilis guttulaspora,A.queenslandica,A.seychellensis,A.sunyatsenii,Ernakulamia xishuangbannaensis,Neohelicascus aquaticus,N.chiangraiensis,N.egyptiacus,N.elaterascus,N.gallicus,N.unilocularis,N.uniseptatus,Neojahnula australiensis,Pseudojahnula potamophila;17 new geographical and habitat records,viz.Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis,Aquastroma magniostiolata,Caryospora aquatica,C.quercus,Dendryphiella vinosa,Ernakulamia cochinensis,Fissuroma neoaggregatum,Helicotruncatum palmigenum,Jahnula rostrata,Neorous-soella bambusae,N.leucaenae,Occultibambusa pustula,Paramonodictys solitarius,Pleopunctum pseudoellipsoideum,Pseudocapulatispora longiappendiculata,Seriascoma didymosporum,Shrungabeeja vadirajensis and ten new collections from China and Thailand,viz.Amniculicola guttulata,Aquaphila albicans,Berkleasmium latisporum,Clohesyomyces aquati-cus,Dictyocheirospora rotunda,Flabellascoma fusiforme,Pseudoastrosphaeriella bambusae,Pseudoxylomyces elegans,Tubeufia aquatica and T.cylindrothecia.Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis and Tubeufia roseohelicospora are synonymized with D.vinosa and T.tectonae,respectively.Six orders,43 families and 145 genera which belong to freshwater Dothideo-mycetes are reviewed.Of these,46 genera occur exclusively in freshwater habitats.A world map illustrates the distribution of freshwater Dothideomycetes.展开更多
文摘Objective:To address the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationship between different lineages of Anopheles(An.)subpictus species complex in most parts of the Asian continent by maximum utilization of Internal Transcriber Spacer 2(ITS2)and cytochrome C oxidase I(COI)sequences deposited at the GenBank.Methods:Seventy-five ITS2,210 COI and 26 concatenated sequences available in the NCBI database were used.Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian likelihood trees,whereas median-joining haplotype networks and time-scale divergence trees were generated for phylogeographic analysis.Genetic diversity indices and genetic differentiation were also calculated.Results:Two genetically divergent molecular forms of An.subpictus species complex corresponding to sibling species A and B are established.Species A evolved around 37-82 million years ago in Sri Lanka,India,and the Netherlands,and species B evolved around 22-79 million years ago in Sri Lanka,India,and Myanmar.Vietnam,Thailand,and Cambodia have two molecular forms:one is phylogenetically similar to species B.Other forms differ from species A and B and evolved recently in the above mentioned countries,Indonesia and the Philippines.Genetic subdivision among Sri Lanka,India,and the Netherlands is almost absent.A substantial genetic differentiation was obtained for some populations due to isolation by large geographical distances.Genetic diversity indices reveal the presence of a long-established stable mosquito population,at mutation-drift equilibrium,regardless of population fluctuations.Conclusions:An.subpictus species complex consists of more than two genetically divergent molecular forms.Species A is highly divergent from the rest.Sri Lanka and India contain only species A and B.
文摘The genetic relationships among twenty-five accessions of Garcinia kola using six Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) primers were evaluated in this study. The highest volume of total genomic DNA (2218/μl) was recorded in ON4 from Ikare, while the highest DNA concentration of 1.93 gl was found in OS3 from Ilesa. The highest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and gene diversity of 93.77% and 0.94 respectively were revealed by primer OPO2 compared to other primers. The dendogram generated from Unweighted Pair Group with Mean Average (UPGMA) clustering delineated two groups, A and B, consisting of 21 and 4 accessions respectively. This study clearly showed the level of molecular diversity in the accessions and the information provided could be utilized for genetic improvement and conservation of Garcinia kola.
基金the Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto,FAMERP and Medical School FoundationFUNFARME for their institutional supportUPGEM-Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit
文摘AIM To evaluated the association of the risk factors and polymorphisms in MTHFR C677 T, MTHFR A1298 C, MTR A2756 G and MTRR A66 G genes.METHODS Patients with cirrhosis(n = 116), hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(n = 71) and controls(n = 356) were included. Polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion and allelic discrimination technique real-time PCR techniques were used for analysis. MINITAB-14.0and SNPstats were utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS Showed that age ≥ 46 years(OR = 10.31; 95%CI: 5.66-18.76; P < 0.001) and smoking(OR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.28-0.78; P = 0.003) were associated with cirrhosis. Age ≥ 46 years(OR = 16.36; 95%CI: 6.68-40.05; P < 0.001) and alcohol habit(OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.03-3.89; P = 0.039) were associated with HCC. MTHFR A1298 C in codominant model(OR = 3.37; 95%CI: 1.52-7.50; P = 0.014), recessive model(OR = 3.04; 95%CI: 1.43-6.47; P = 0.0051) and additive model(OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.16-2.52; P = 0.0072) was associated with HCC, as well as MTR A2756 G in the additive model(OR = 1.68; 95%CI: 1.01-2.77; P = 0.047), and MTRR A66 G in the codominant model(OR = 3.26; 95%CI: 1.54-6.87; P < 0.001), dominant model(OR = 2.55; 95%CI: 1.24-5.25; P = 0.007) and overdominant model(OR = 3.05; 95%CI: 1.66-5.62; P < 0.001). MTR A2756 G in the additive model(OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02-2.33; P = 0.042) and smokers who presented at least one polymorphic allele for MTRR A66G(OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 0.77-3.82; P = 0.0051) showed increased risk for cirrhosis. There was no association between clinical parameters and polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Age ≥ 46 years, alcohol habit and MTR A2756 G, MTHFR A1298 C and MTRR A66 G polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of HCC development; age ≥ 46 years, tobacco habit and the MTR A2756 G polymorphism are associated with cirrhosis.
文摘Ganoderma P.Karst.is a cosmopolitan and species-rich genus of mushrooms that can cause root and butt rot diseases on many woody tree species.Many members of this genus are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.Ganoderma species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years for maintaining vivacity and longevity.Some Ganoderma species are well-known for being abundant sources of highly active bioactive substances like polysaccharides,proteins,steroids,and triterpenoids.The numerous metabolic processes of Ganoderma have been studied both in vitro and in vivo.However,it is debatable if Ganoderma is a nutritional supplement that promotes health,or a medication used for therapeutic purposes.Products made from Ganoderma have been marketed as potent food and medication supplements with positive health effects.Over the past three decades,the Ganoderma market has experienced significant growth,and hundreds of products are currently being offered on the market.However,in Sri Lanka,there hasn't been much research on Ganoderma.Hence,a comprehensive account of the historical perspective,recent advances,and future trends of Ganoderma research in Sri Lanka is provided in this review.Furthermore,this review aims to increase the research interest,evaluate the recent developments,and address the missing gaps in research on Ganoderma.
文摘The placement of the dothideomycetous family Teichosporaceae has been controversial.Recent phylogenetic investigations have used a taxonomic lumping approach with the Floricolaceae and its genera have been synonymized under the earlier fam-ily name,Teichosporaceae.Intergeneric relationships were therefore obscure and proper generic delimitation was needed in upcoming studies.We here taxonomically revised the family Teichosporaceae based on both morphological and phylogenetic evidence.Teichosporaceae species have immersed or semi-immersed,erumpent to superficial,ostiolate ascomata,cellular or trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,cylindrical to oblong or sub-clavate asci and ellipsoid to oblong or fusiform,cylindric-fusiform or oblong to elliptical,ovoid to clavate,symmetric or asymmetric,initially hyaline or pale brown to dark brown or yellowish brown,1-3-septate or muriform ascospores.Asexual morphs are coelomycetous.Type or representative speci-mens of Teichosporaceae were loaned and fresh specimens were collected from China and Thailand.Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined ITS,LSU,SSU,tef1-αand rpb2 dataset were performed to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of taxa and examine monophyly of newly proposed genera.One new species(Floricola festucae),one new host record(Ramusculicola thailandica)and four new combinations(Aurantiascoma nephelii,A.quercus,Magnibotryascoma acaciae,M.melanommoides)are introduced.The broad genus concept of Teichospora is dismissed based on morphological dissimilarities and the monophyletic status of the proposed genera.We accept Asymmetrispora,Aurantiascoma,Floricola,Magnibotryascoma,Misturatosphaeria,Pseudoaurantiascoma,Pseudomisturatosphaeria,Ramusculicola and Teichospora as distinct genera in the Teichosporaceae.All recognized genera are phenotypically characterized and phylogenetically well-supported.The phylogenetic placements of three genera(Chaetomastia,Loculohypoxylon and Sinodidymella),which do not have molecular data cannot be conclusively clarified at present,but are still placed in Teichosporaceae for future studies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for supporting the project Biodiversity,Taxonomy,Phylogeny,Evolution and Phytogeography of phytopathogens in Dothideomycetes from Southern China(Grant No.31950410548)for funding this research.Ning Xie would like to thank Project of DEGP(2019KTSCX150)+29 种基金.Kevin D Hyde thanks the Thailand Research Fund for the grant RDG6130001 entitled“Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion”.Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for young staff(Grant No.Y9215811Q1)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489(Grant No.Y81I982211)for financial supportDhanushka Wanasinghe would like to thank CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(number 2019PC0008)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y913083271).Vemuri V.Sarma would like to thank SERB,Department of Science and Technology,Government of India,for funding a project(SERB/SB/SO/PS/18/2014 dt.19.5.2015)Ministry of Earth Sciences(MOES),Govt.of India for funding a project(Sanction order:MOES/36/OO1S/Extra/40/2014/PC-IV dt.14.01.2015)the Department of Biotechnology,Pondicherry University for facilitiesthe National Research Council of Thailand(projects no.61215320013 and No.61215320023)the Thailand Research Fund(project no.TRG6180001)Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiation of Her Royal High-ness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn-Mae Fah Luang University.Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from UIDB/04046/2020 and UIDP/04046/2020 Centre grants from FCT,Portugal(to Bio-ISI).Saowaluck Tibpromma would like to thank the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program(number Y9180822S1)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(number 2020PC0009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31800010 and 31750001)for financial support.the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31950410558)Guizhou Medical University(grant number FAMP201906K)tthe National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31760013)the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2017ZZX186)the Thousand Talents Plan,Youth Project of Yun-nan Provinces for finance supportthe 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province(Grant No.Y934283261)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y913082271)M Niranjan thanks SERB,Govt.of India for a fellow-ship.Huang Zhang would like to thank Natural Science Foundation of China(NSF 31500017).Jadson DP Bezerra thanks the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq),the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES,Finance Code 001)the Fundação de AmparoàCiência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco(FACEPE)for fellowship.B.Devadatha thanks MOES,Govt.of India for a fellowship.Hai-Xia Wu would like to the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF(Grant No.CAFYBB2019QB005)the Ten Thousand Talents Plan,Youth Top Project of Yunnan Provinces for finance support.Ausana Mapook thanks to Research and Research-ers for Industries(RRI)under Thailand Research Fund for a personal grant(PHD57I0012)Putarak Chomnunti would like to thank Mae Fah Luang University(Grant No.DR256201012003)Diversity-Based Economy Development Office and National Research Council of Thailand Research(Grant No.T2561022)for the financial support.Satinee Suetrong thanks the collaborative project between BIOTEC and Department of Marine and Coastal Resources(DMCR),Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmentunder a project:Marine Microbes for National Reserves:Alternative Ways of State Property.N.Chai-wan would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(PHD60K0147).
文摘Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013.A recent publication by Honsanan et al.in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideo-mycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications.In this paper,we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes.Each family is provided with an updated description,notes,including figures to represent the morphology,a list of accepted genera,and economic and ecological significances.We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order.In this study,31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes,and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence.The new order,Catinellales,and four new families,Catinellaceae,Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced.Seven genera(Neobuelliella,Pseudomicrothyrium,Flagellostrigula,Swinscowia,Macroconstrictolumina,Pseudobogoriella,and Schummia)are introduced.Seven new species(Acrospermum urticae,Bogoriella complexoluminata,Dothiorella ostryae,Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus,Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis,Patellaria microspora,and Pseu-domicrothyrium thailandicum)are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny,together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families.Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.
基金This project is funded by National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT).Ruvishika S.Jayawardena would like to thank the National Research Council of Thailand,Grant for new researcher NRCT5-TRG630010-01entitled“Biodiversity,taxonomy,phylogeny and evolution of Colletotrichum in northern Thailand”.We would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund,Grant RDG6130001 entitled“Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion”.Kevin D Hyde thanks Chiang Mai University for the award of a Visiting Professor.Authors would like to thank Mushroom Research Foundation and Mae Fah Luang University.
文摘Scientific names are crucial for communicating knowledge concerning fungi and fungus-like organisms.In plant pathology,they link information regarding biology,host range,distribution and potential risk to agriculture and food security.In the past,delimitation among pathogenic taxa was primarily based on morphological characteristics.Due to distinct species sharing overlapping characteristics,the morphological identification of species is often neither straightforward nor reliable.Hence,the phylogenetic species concept based on molecular phylogenetic reconstructions gained importance.The present opinion discusses what a fungal species is and how identification of species in plant pathology has changed over the past decades.In this context,host-specialization and species complexes are discussed.Furthermore,species concepts in plant pathology are examined using case studies from Bipolaris,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Meliola,Plasmopara,rust fungi and Trichoderma.Each entry contains a brief introduction to the genus,concepts used in species identification so far and the problems in describing a species followed by recommendations.The importance of correctly naming and identifying a species is addressed in the context of recent introductions,and we also discuss whether the introduction of new species in pathogenic genera has been overestimated.We also provide guidelines to be considered when introducing a new species in a plant pathogenic genus.
基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2019YFH0175,Grant No.2018SZDZX0020)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1803504,Grant No.2016YFC0502204)+15 种基金Huang Zhang would like to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:NSF 31500017 to Huang Zhang)State Scholarship fund of China(201908530031)Kevin D.Hyde thanks the Foreign Experts Bureau of Yunnan Province,Foreign Talents Program(2018Grant No.YNZ2018002)Thailand Research grant entitled Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion(Grant No.RDG6130001)Kevin D.Hyde also thanks Chiang Mai University for the award of Visiting Professor.Mingkwan Doilom would like to thank the 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province(Grant No.Y934283261)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y913082271)Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for young staff(Grant No.Y9215811Q1)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489(Grant No.Y81I982211)Chiang Mai University for financial support.Sinang Honsanan would like to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China for supporting the project Biodiversity,Taxonomy,Phylogeny,Evolution and Phytogeography of phytopathogens in Dothideomycetes from Southern China(Grant No.31950410548)for funding this researchDhanushka Wanasinghe would like to thank CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(number 2019PC0008)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Founda-tion(Grant No.Y913083271)the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.41761144055)Saranyaphat Boonmee would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(No.TRG6180001)Mae Fah Luang University Research Fund(No.631C15001)the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sci-ence(JSPS,19K06802).
文摘Freshwater Dothideomycetes are a highly diverse group of fungi,which are mostly saprobic in freshwater habitats world-wide.They are important decomposers of submerged woody debris and leaves in water.In this paper,we outline the genera of freshwater Dothideomycetes with notes and keys to species.Based on multigene analyses and morphology,we introduce nine new genera,viz.Aquimassariosphaeria,Aquatospora,Aquihelicascus,Fusiformiseptata,Neohelicascus,Neojahnula,Pseudojahnula,Purpureofaciens,Submersispora;33 new species,viz.Acrocalymma bipolare,Aquimassariosphaeria kun-mingensis,Aquatospora cylindrica,Aquihelicascus songkhlaensis,A.yunnanensis,Ascagilis submersa,A.thailandensis,Bambusicola aquatica,Caryospora submersa,Dictyocheirospora thailandica,Fusiformiseptata crocea,Helicosporium thai-landense,Hongkongmyces aquaticus,Lentistoma aquaticum,Lentithecium kunmingense,Lindgomyces aquaticus,Longipedi-cellata aquatica,Neohelicascus submersus,Neohelicomyces dehongensis,N.thailandicus,Neohelicosporium submersum,Nigrograna aquatica,Occultibambusa kunmingensis,Parabambusicola aquatica,Pseudoasteromassaria aquatica,Pseu-doastrosphaeriella aquatica,Pseudoxylomyces aquaticus,Purpureofaciens aquatica,Roussoella aquatica,Shrungabeeja aquatica,Submersispora variabilis,Tetraploa puzheheiensis,T.yunnanensis;16 new combinations,viz.Aquimassariospha-eria typhicola,Aquihelicascus thalassioideus,Ascagilis guttulaspora,A.queenslandica,A.seychellensis,A.sunyatsenii,Ernakulamia xishuangbannaensis,Neohelicascus aquaticus,N.chiangraiensis,N.egyptiacus,N.elaterascus,N.gallicus,N.unilocularis,N.uniseptatus,Neojahnula australiensis,Pseudojahnula potamophila;17 new geographical and habitat records,viz.Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis,Aquastroma magniostiolata,Caryospora aquatica,C.quercus,Dendryphiella vinosa,Ernakulamia cochinensis,Fissuroma neoaggregatum,Helicotruncatum palmigenum,Jahnula rostrata,Neorous-soella bambusae,N.leucaenae,Occultibambusa pustula,Paramonodictys solitarius,Pleopunctum pseudoellipsoideum,Pseudocapulatispora longiappendiculata,Seriascoma didymosporum,Shrungabeeja vadirajensis and ten new collections from China and Thailand,viz.Amniculicola guttulata,Aquaphila albicans,Berkleasmium latisporum,Clohesyomyces aquati-cus,Dictyocheirospora rotunda,Flabellascoma fusiforme,Pseudoastrosphaeriella bambusae,Pseudoxylomyces elegans,Tubeufia aquatica and T.cylindrothecia.Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis and Tubeufia roseohelicospora are synonymized with D.vinosa and T.tectonae,respectively.Six orders,43 families and 145 genera which belong to freshwater Dothideo-mycetes are reviewed.Of these,46 genera occur exclusively in freshwater habitats.A world map illustrates the distribution of freshwater Dothideomycetes.