As the role of missions and experiments carried out in outer space becomes more and more essential in our understanding of many earthly problems,such as resource management,environmental problems,and disaster manageme...As the role of missions and experiments carried out in outer space becomes more and more essential in our understanding of many earthly problems,such as resource management,environmental problems,and disaster management,as well as space science questions,thanks to their lower cost and faster development process CubeSats can benefit humanity and therefore,young scientists and engineers have been motivated to research and develop new CubeSat missions.Not very long after their inception,CubeSats have evolved to become accepted platforms for scientific and commercial applications.The last couple of years showed that they are a feasible tool for conducting scientific experiments,not only in the Earth orbit but also in the interplanetary space.For many countries,a CubeSat mission could prompt the community and young teams around the world to build the national capacity to launch and operate national space missions.This paper presents an overview of the key scientific and engineering gateways opened up to the younger scientific community by the advent and adaptation of new technology into CubeSat missions.The role of cooperation and the opportunities for capacity-building and education are also explored.Thus,the present article also aims to provide useful recommendations to scientists,early-career researchers,engineers,students,and anyone who intends to explore the potential and opportunities offered by CubeSats and CubeSats-based missions.展开更多
The net all-wave radiation of the Great Lakes(GL)is a key to understanding the effects of climate change on the GL.There is a high possibility of underestimating the net all-wave radiation of the GL when using existin...The net all-wave radiation of the Great Lakes(GL)is a key to understanding the effects of climate change on the GL.There is a high possibility of underestimating the net all-wave radiation of the GL when using existing methodologies with inputs from near-shore and land-based meteorological data.This study provides the first technique to estimate net all-wave radiation over the GL from July 2001 to December 2014 using a combination of data from satellite remote sensing,reanalysis data sets,and direct measurements.The components of the surface radiation budget estimated from the proposed method showed good statistical agreement.The instantaneous net radiation estimated by our methods was compared with the in situ measurements from June 2008 to April 2012(Stannard Rock Lighthouse:SR)and September 2009–April 2011(Spectacle Reef Lighthouse:SP).The comparisons from SR and SP also showed strong statistic agreement(R^(2)=0.74 and 0.7;RMSE=9.26 and 10.60 W m^(−2) respectively).Monthly spatial variations of net shortwave radiation varied with cloud cover and surface albedo while net longwave radiation varied with the temperature difference between the water surface and the atmosphere.展开更多
文摘As the role of missions and experiments carried out in outer space becomes more and more essential in our understanding of many earthly problems,such as resource management,environmental problems,and disaster management,as well as space science questions,thanks to their lower cost and faster development process CubeSats can benefit humanity and therefore,young scientists and engineers have been motivated to research and develop new CubeSat missions.Not very long after their inception,CubeSats have evolved to become accepted platforms for scientific and commercial applications.The last couple of years showed that they are a feasible tool for conducting scientific experiments,not only in the Earth orbit but also in the interplanetary space.For many countries,a CubeSat mission could prompt the community and young teams around the world to build the national capacity to launch and operate national space missions.This paper presents an overview of the key scientific and engineering gateways opened up to the younger scientific community by the advent and adaptation of new technology into CubeSat missions.The role of cooperation and the opportunities for capacity-building and education are also explored.Thus,the present article also aims to provide useful recommendations to scientists,early-career researchers,engineers,students,and anyone who intends to explore the potential and opportunities offered by CubeSats and CubeSats-based missions.
文摘The net all-wave radiation of the Great Lakes(GL)is a key to understanding the effects of climate change on the GL.There is a high possibility of underestimating the net all-wave radiation of the GL when using existing methodologies with inputs from near-shore and land-based meteorological data.This study provides the first technique to estimate net all-wave radiation over the GL from July 2001 to December 2014 using a combination of data from satellite remote sensing,reanalysis data sets,and direct measurements.The components of the surface radiation budget estimated from the proposed method showed good statistical agreement.The instantaneous net radiation estimated by our methods was compared with the in situ measurements from June 2008 to April 2012(Stannard Rock Lighthouse:SR)and September 2009–April 2011(Spectacle Reef Lighthouse:SP).The comparisons from SR and SP also showed strong statistic agreement(R^(2)=0.74 and 0.7;RMSE=9.26 and 10.60 W m^(−2) respectively).Monthly spatial variations of net shortwave radiation varied with cloud cover and surface albedo while net longwave radiation varied with the temperature difference between the water surface and the atmosphere.