Hydrological response characteristics of landslides under typhoon-triggered rainstorm conditions

Many landslide disasters,which tend to result in significant damage,are caused by typhoon-triggered rainstorms.In this case,it is very important to study the dynamic characteristics of the hydrological response of landslide bodies since it enables the early warning and prediction of landslide disasters in typhoon periods.To investigate the dynamic mechanisms of groundwater in a landslide body under typhoon-triggered rainstorm conditions,the authors selected the landslide occurring in Zhonglin Village,Wencheng County,China(also referred to as Zhonglin Village landslide)as a case study.The transient seepage field characteristics of groundwater in the landslide body were simulated with two different rainfall models by using the finite element method(FEM).The research results show that the impact of typhoon-triggered rainstorms on landslides can be divided into three stages:(i)Rapid rise of groundwater level;(ii)infiltration of groundwater from the surface to deeper level,and(iii)surface runoff erosion.Moreover,the infiltration rate of groundwater in the landslide body is mainly affected by the intensity of typhoon-induced rainfall.It can be deduced that higher rainfall intensity leads to a greater potential difference and a higher infiltration rate.The rainfall intensity also determines the development mode of landslide deformation and destruction.

Distribution of groundwater salinity and formation mechanism of fresh groundwater in an arid desert transition zone

This study reviews the distribution of groundwater salinity in an arid desert transition zone. By combining field experiments and computer simulation models we make a comprehensive analysis of the formation mechanism of fresh groundwater in relation to the paleogeographic conditions of lithofacies, the geochemical characteristics of the aquifer media, salt deliverability in the vadose zone and prevailing hydrodynamic conditions. The results demonstrate that(1) the lacustrine facies deposition stratum of the Huanhe formation in the Cretaceous system provides a brackish-salt groundwater environment;(2) the average salinity of parent rocks are approximately 440 mg/kg and 4 371 mg/kg in the Quaternary eolian sand and the Cretaceous Huanhe formation respectively, suggesting that parent rocks are the principal controlling factor in the distribution of groundwater quality given that mineral and chemical composition of the eolian sand is simpler than that of the Huanhe formation;(3) average groundwater flow rates are approximately 0.25 m/d and 0.1 m/d in eolian sand and Huanhe formation aquifers respectively, indicating that hydrodynamic conditions play an important role in driving in the formation and evolution of fresh groundwater;(4) The salinity deliverability in the vadose zone overlying the aeolian sand and Huanhe formation aquifers are approximately 15.97 mg/L and 220.42 mg/L respectively, signifying that the combination of lithology and salt content of vadose zone, rainfall infiltration, evapotranspiration and concentration heavily influence the formation, distribution and evolution of groundwater quality. This study can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources in arid areas.

Experimental Study on Micro-biological Degradation of 1,3,5-TMB in Groundwater

1, 3, 5-TMB(trimethylbenzene) has been considered as priority pollutant by several environmental agencies due to its high toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenic activity. Two bacteria with ability of degrading 1, 3, 5-TMB were isolated from crude oil contaminated soil. The optimal pH value and temperature for the growth of these bacteria were 7.0 and 30℃. 1, 3, 5-TMB was used as sole carbon and energy source by both strains. Strain A was identified as Staphylococcus sciuri and Strain C was Microbacterium schleiferi, both of which were facultative anaerobic bacteria. 1, 3, 5-TMB was degraded by strain C with efficiency of 41.2±1.8%. The bacteria offered new source for biodegradation of BTEX and bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil and groundwater.

Brief Talk of Groundwater Resources in Role of Rural Drinking Water Safety and Construction of City Emergency Water Source

With respect to underground water as a component of water resources, this Paper, by analyzing the distribution, development and utilization of underground water resources in Zhejiang Province, brings forth the advices on setup of underground-water-based emergency water source in various cities in Zhejiang Province in accordance with the principle for selection of underground-water-based emergency water sources for the purpose of properly strengthen the protection of drinking water source(including underground water) in rural areas and properly setting up the emergency water sources in urban areas, so as to provide the scientific basis for protection of water supply security in rural and urban areas.