柴达木盆地新生代湖相叠层石沉积序列及古环境意义

气候、沉积环境和湖平面的演变直接或间接地影响湖相叠层石的生长,因而叠层石的出现可以作为此三者变化的判别标志。通过对比研究柴达木盆地西部地区西岔沟、长尾台两条新生代陆相地层剖面中近10个湖相叠层石的发育层位、垂向沉积序列,表明叠层石主要发育于新生代两个气候温暖湿润的高湖面时期,而且叠层石沉积亦同时出现在青藏高原其他邻近陆相新生代盆地,显示区域性的大规模异常湿润性气候,以强蒸发和强降水的交替为特征;划分出的4种含叠层石基本沉积序列中,叠层石可在泥岩或砂砾岩硬底上生长,含叠层石灰岩层之上通常是细粒碎屑沉积或间断面,这暗示了叠层石的生长出现在滨湖、浅湖相次级湖泛面附近,或指示湖水的突然加深。

构词法对无意识加工的影响——中德数字启动效应的比较研究

本文采用客观觉察阈值作为启动刺激呈现时间、以数字(阿拉伯数字)和数词(以中、德两种文字写出的数词)为刺激比较研究了在掩蔽刺激条件下中国与德国被试的启动效应.结果表明:1)中国被试的启动效应显著,在德国被试中未发现显著的启动效应;2)除数字—数字刺激组外,中国被试的启动效应显著地大于德国被试;3)中国被试的数词—数字刺激组比其他三个刺激组产生的启动效应大。我们从无意识加工特征、构词法的差异以及并行—连续加工理论的观点对上述结果分别进行了讨论.

Transgenic Poplar Plants for the Investigation of ABA-Dependent Salt and Drought Stress Adaptation in Trees

Important functions of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in stress reactions, growth and photosynthetic processes are extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This paper investigates the importance of Moco-sulphurase ABA3 and aldehyde oxidase (AO) on ABA-biosynthesis in Populus × canescens. ABA3 is essential for activation of the molybdenum enzymes AO and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). AO itself catalyzes the last step in ABA-biosynthesis. Generation of transgenic poplar plants altered in ABA3 and AO-activity using RNAi knock down and overexpression was performed. Whereas RNAi-AO plants show a specific loss of AO activity, the RNAi-ABA3 plants has a strongly reduced activity of both molybdenum enzymes: AO and XDH. Constructs of AO and ABA3-promoters fused to β-glucuronidase provide the basis to investigate transcriptional regulation of ABA-biosynthetic processes under stress conditions. Application of high salt concentrations and different drought stress intensities does change the endogenous AO or XDH neither on the side of transcription nor on protein activity. On phytohormone level however, water loss leads to increased ABA-amounts regardless of whether transgenic or wildtype plants are studied. Salt application resulted in higher ABA-levels in all analyzed plant lines. The down regulation of AO in the two different RNAi-plant lines strongly prevented a wildtype-like increase of ABA-levels. Whereas the WT plants accumulated up to 6000 ng ABA g-1 FW-1 after 16 h of salt stress exposure, plants of the RNAi lines revealed a markedly lower increase of only up to 2000 ng ABA g-1 FW-1. Opposing to these observations, ABA-levels increased during drought without any influence by the RNAi-effect. These results revealed that although stresses did not result in a visible increased AO-activity, ABA-production was influenced by AO and ABA3 at least under salinity.

Signal Peptide Peptidase and PI4Kβ1/2 play opposite roles in plant ER stress response and immunity

The Arabidopsis pi4kβ1,2 mutant is mutated in the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase(PI4K)β1 and PI4Kβ2 enzymes which are involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate(PI4P),a minor membrane lipid with important signaling roles.pi4kβ1,2 plants display autoimmunity and shorter roots.Though the pi4kβ1,2 mutant has been extensively characterized,the source of its autoimmunity remains largely unknown.In this study,through a genetic suppressor screen,we identified multiple partial loss-of-function alleles of signal peptide peptidase(spp)that can suppress all the defects of pi4kβ1,2.SPP is an intramembrane cleaving aspartic protease.Interestingly,pi4kβ1,2 plants display enhanced ER stress response and mutations in SPP can suppress such phenotype.Furthermore,reduced ER stress responses were observed in the spp single mutants.Overall,our study reveals a previously unknown function of PI4Kβand SPP in ER stress and plant immunity.

过渡金属催化的区域选择性芳烃C—H键氧化生成C—O键（英文）

近年来过渡金属催化的芳烃直接C—H氧化反应取得了重要进展,该策略被用于多种酚类化合物的制备.反应体系使用的过渡金属催化剂包括钯、铜、钌、铱等;氧化剂包括高价碘化合物、过硫酸盐、氧气等.此前已有多篇综述就特定的过渡金属或氧化剂参与的C—H氧化反应进行了详尽的讨论.本综述着重探讨过渡金属催化的邻、间、对位选择性的芳烃C—H氧化反应,并试图阐释上述区域选择性的产生机制,其中包括导向基团的螯合辅助作用、配体控制、底物自身因素等.在讨论部分提出了过渡金属催化的芳烃C—H氧化反应中存在的问题以及影响该策略发展应用的可能限制因素.