In this study, the gamma radiation shielding features of several environmentally friendly materials were investigated. For this purpose, several attenuation parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (l=q), ...In this study, the gamma radiation shielding features of several environmentally friendly materials were investigated. For this purpose, several attenuation parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (l=q), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were determined experimentally and compared with numerical data obtained using WinXCom software. In the measurements, the emitted gamma photons were counted by a gamma spectrometer equipped with an HPGe detector using 22Na, 54Mn, 57Co, 60Co, 133Ba, and 137Cs radioactive point sources in the energy region of 81–1333 keV. The obtained results indicate that the l=q and RPE values of the samples decrease with an increase in photon energy. The experimental values are in good agreement with those obtained using WinXCom software. The RPE and Zeff results show that among the studied materials, the NaY0.77Yb0.20Er0.03F4 sample has the best gamma radiation shielding effectiveness.展开更多
This study aims to identify medicinal plants traditionally used to treat diseases by local people living in Güce district,north-eastern Turkey.The study was carried out between 2018 and 2021 using a two-part semi...This study aims to identify medicinal plants traditionally used to treat diseases by local people living in Güce district,north-eastern Turkey.The study was carried out between 2018 and 2021 using a two-part semi-structured,open-ended questionnaire with 165 local people.Data were analysed using use-report,frequency of citation,and informant consensus factor.Informants identified 128 vascular medicinal plant taxa belonging to 54 families and 106 genera.The most common plant taxa belong to Rosaceae(16 taxa/12.5%),Asteraceae(12 taxa/9.4%),and Lamiaceae(9 taxa/7%)families.The most frequently used preparation method reported was decoction(39.8%);the most commonly utilized plant parts were leaves(40.3%).Statistical analysis reveals that women in Güce district(df?163,p?0.043<0.05)possess the most traditional knowledge.The highest frequency of citation(61)and use report(92)were recorded for Tilia rubra subsp.caucasica,and the highest informant consensus factors were cited for respiratory system disorders(0.86),digestive system disorders(0.73),and skin disorders(0.71).This study reported nine plant taxa as medicinal plants for the first time,and documented a total of 293 new therapeutic uses.However,the study indicates that the transfer of traditional knowledge to future generations is limited(F?3.355,p?0.020).Action should be taken as soon as possible to preserve existing traditional knowledge and to ensure its transfer to future generations.展开更多
Objective To determine the metal contents of lichen species from East Black Sea region of Turkey for investigation of trace metal pollution sourced traffic. Methods The levels of copper, cadmium, lead, zinc, manganese...Objective To determine the metal contents of lichen species from East Black Sea region of Turkey for investigation of trace metal pollution sourced traffic. Methods The levels of copper, cadmium, lead, zinc, manganese, iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, palladium in lichen samples collected from East Black Sea region of Turkey were determined by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion method. The accuracy of the method was corrected by standard reference material (NIST SRM IAEA-336 Lichen). Results The contents of invest!gated trace metals in lichen samples were 7.19-22.4 μg/g for copper, 0.10-0.64 μg/g for cadmium, 4.03-44.6 μg/g for lead, 14.5-41.8 μg/g for zinc, 25.8-208 μg/g for manganese, 331-436 μg/g for iron, 1.20-3.01 μg/g for chromium, 1.48-3.90 μg/g for nickel, 0.20-3.55 μg/g for cobalt, 0.11-0.64 μg/g for palladium. The results were compared with the literature values. Conclusion Some lichen species such as Xanthoparmelia conspersa, Xanthoria calcicola, Peltigera membranacea, and Physcia adscendens are accumulated trace metals at a high ratio.展开更多
Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) is the type species for genus Iridovirus, and belongs to the family Iridoviridae. Since the discovery of CIV in 1966, many attempts were made to elucidate the viral genome structure. The v...Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) is the type species for genus Iridovirus, and belongs to the family Iridoviridae. Since the discovery of CIV in 1966, many attempts were made to elucidate the viral genome structure. The virions contain a single linear ds DNA molecule that is circularly permuted and terminally redundant. The genome of CIV has been entirely sequenced. The CIV virion consists of an unusual three-layer structure containing an outer proteinaceous capsid, an intermediate lipid membrane, and a core DNA-protein complex containing the genome. CIV has a broad host spectrum and has, in general, a limited mortality effect on its hosts. Up to now there have been several studies about CIV describing its structure, ecology, and molecular biology. In this review study we present all these studies together to describe the CIV.展开更多
Objective:Perirenal fat stranding(PFS)is linear areas of soft-tissue attenuation in the perirenal space on non-contrast computed tomography.The present study aimed to investigate whether PFS is associated with infecti...Objective:Perirenal fat stranding(PFS)is linear areas of soft-tissue attenuation in the perirenal space on non-contrast computed tomography.The present study aimed to investigate whether PFS is associated with infectious complications after ureterorenoscopy(URS)in patients with ureteral calculi in any location.Methods:The data of 602 patients with ureteral stones who underwent URS were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into two groups as Group 1(PFS not detected)and Group 2(PFS detected).Gender,and age of patients,size,side,and location of the stone,operation time,double-J stent insertion status,perioperative ureter injury,postoperative infection after URS and related complications,and duration of hospital stay were compared.Results:While PFS was not detected in 530 patients,PFS was detected in 72 patients.The mean age,male/female ratio,side and localization of the stones,operation time,and perioperative insertion of the double-J after lithotripsy were statistically similar(p>0.05).The median stone diameter was smaller in Group 2(9 mm vs.8 mm)(p=0.033).Fever was observed in 30 and 38 patients in Group 1 and Group 2,respectively(p=0.0001).Urinary tract infection was detected in 24 and 27 patients in Group 1 and Group 2,respectively(p=0.0001).The urosepsis did not occur in any patients in Group 1,whereas 8(11.1%)patients in Group 2 experienced urosepsis(p=0.0001).Conclusion:According to the results of the present study,patients with ureteral stones accompanied by PFS are much more prone to ureteral injuries and infectious complications such as urinary tract infection,fever,and sepsis after URS.展开更多
From different reports, it (AZO) and indium-doped including usage areas. We nanocrystalline films with is realized that there is a need to consider all sides of aluminum-doped zinc oxide zinc oxide (IZO) thin film...From different reports, it (AZO) and indium-doped including usage areas. We nanocrystalline films with is realized that there is a need to consider all sides of aluminum-doped zinc oxide zinc oxide (IZO) thin films with their optical, luminescence and surface properties establish an assessment to carry out further information to summarize AZO and IZO impact of the layer number.展开更多
It is well known that peripheral nerve injury should be treated immediately in the clinic, but in some instances, repair can be delayed. This study investigated the effects of immediate versus delayed (3 days after i...It is well known that peripheral nerve injury should be treated immediately in the clinic, but in some instances, repair can be delayed. This study investigated the effects of immediate versus delayed (3 days after injury) neurorrhaphy on repair of transected sciatic nerve in New Zealand rabbits using stereological, histomorphological and biomechanical methods. At 8 weeks after immediate and delayed neurorrhaphy, axon number and area in the sciatic nerve, myelin sheath and epineurium thickness, Schwann cell morphology, and the mechanical property of nerve fibers did not differ obviously. These results indicate that delayed neurorrhaphy do not produce any deleterious effect on sciatic nerve repair.展开更多
We evaluated,for the first time in Turkey,the productivity of a feller buncher during clear-cut operations of two Brutian pine stands located in Canakkale,northwestern Turkey with different diameter classes and terrai...We evaluated,for the first time in Turkey,the productivity of a feller buncher during clear-cut operations of two Brutian pine stands located in Canakkale,northwestern Turkey with different diameter classes and terrain conditions.In the first stand with 24.6 cm average DBH,the feller buncher cut full trees and moved them to roadside.In the second stand with 34.3 cm average DBH,the feller buncher cut trees in two stages due to their larger diameters and the relatively steep and rough terrain conditions of the site.The effects of specific stand features,DBH and tree height measurements were assessed through statistical analysis in relation to productivity.The results indicate that the average productivity for the first stand was about 118 m^3h^-1,while it was about 80 m3h-1 in the second stand.Even though tree diameter and volume were higher in the second stand,productivity decreased by32.3%due to extra time spent on the two-stage cutting operation.The results revealed that harvesting operations should be planned carefully and the right equipment selected by accounting for different tree sizes,terrain conditions and machine specifications in order to better understand their effects on production.展开更多
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of coronoid process hyperplasia(CPH)is usually based on symptoms and radiological imaging.Because of its similar symptoms,it can be confused with temporomandibular joint diseases.Therefore,an ...BACKGROUND The diagnosis of coronoid process hyperplasia(CPH)is usually based on symptoms and radiological imaging.Because of its similar symptoms,it can be confused with temporomandibular joint diseases.Therefore,an objective and reproducible way of diagnosis should be determined.AIM To investigate CPH using Levandoski analysis on panoramic radiographs to determine its prevalence.METHODS A total of 300 panoramic radiograph images(600 coronoid processes)were examined.Having measured the Condyle-Gonion(Cd-Go)and Coronoid-Gonion(Cor-Go)distances,the Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratio was calculated for the left and right sides of each image.RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances between male and female participants(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant relationship between Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratios and gender(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances were statistically significantly increased in males on both the left and right sides.The ratio of Cor-Go:Cd-Go was preserved in both genders.The prevalence of CPH was found to be 0.3%.展开更多
In this study, the kinetic energy formula of the projection curve under 1-parameter closed homothetic motion is expressed and as a result, theorem is given. Also some special cases are given related with that formula.
The polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-based composites were prepared using goose feather fibers at different diameters. The fibers, which were washed and dried, cut through the shaft, and their sizes were shrunk to short...The polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-based composites were prepared using goose feather fibers at different diameters. The fibers, which were washed and dried, cut through the shaft, and their sizes were shrunk to short fiber form. Then the obtained short fibers were added into acryl matrix in portions of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% in volume. The mixture containing goose feather fiber was shaped via free casting method, and the goose feather fiber/PMMA composites were obtained. The samples, which were processed in accordance with the standards of test to be implemented after the thermal curing process, were characterized in terms of the mechanical properties after being evaluated by using three-point flexure test and impact test. For the goose feather-added composites, a significant increase was observed in rupture resistance, flexural strength, and flexure module. The flexure test curves of composites clearly revealed the slow and stable crack enlargement. Micro mechanisms of toughening and rupture processes were observed under the light of microstructure of rupture surfaces. The results of present study showed that the goose feather can be used as an important reinforcing material for bio-composites.展开更多
We analyzed two types of crude oil samples: Middle Eastern crude oil and Texas crude oil by using a residual gas analyzer (RGA) based on the linear quadrupole principle. This portable mass analyzer is capable of measu...We analyzed two types of crude oil samples: Middle Eastern crude oil and Texas crude oil by using a residual gas analyzer (RGA) based on the linear quadrupole principle. This portable mass analyzer is capable of measuring hydrocarbons with masses of up to 300 atomic mass units (amu) as well as low mass targets, such as methane and carbon dioxide at ppm level concentrations. The generated mass spectra revealed differences in the composition and signal intensity of hydrocarbons of Middle Eastern and Texas crude oil samples. Even if RGA 300 is manufactured to be served as a detailed gas analysis of vacuum systems, we have shown that it is sensitively capable of detection of hydrocarbons and it enables one to qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of the crude oils.展开更多
Stressors, such as work overload, role conflicts, lack of time, lack of self-care, poor job-related interpersonal relationships, feeling powerless to provide quality care, struggling with competing demands,death, conf...Stressors, such as work overload, role conflicts, lack of time, lack of self-care, poor job-related interpersonal relationships, feeling powerless to provide quality care, struggling with competing demands,death, conflict with doctors, peers and supervisors, and inadequate emotional preparation, can be negative, stressful, traumatic, or difficult situations or episodes of hardship for nurses. Situations or episodes of these types can also cause both physical and mental problems, such as fatigue, irritability,lack of concentration, unhappiness, depressive sensation, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion.Despite all of these challenges, resilience enables nurses to cope with their work environment and to maintain healthy and stable psychological functioning. The aim of this review is to describe the concept of resilience, explain characteristics with which it is related and outline interventions to increase the resilience of nurses.展开更多
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important known risk factor for gastric disease. At least half the world’s population is under the influence of this bacterium type. So many therapeutic studies fo...Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important known risk factor for gastric disease. At least half the world’s population is under the influence of this bacterium type. So many therapeutic studies focus on treat gastric disease. But these treatments could be interrupted due to metabolic toxic and show the drug resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effecting degree of H. pylori with different type of honey samples from Turkey. The study was supported by bioactivity results of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC). The agar-well diffusion assay was carried out on H. pylori strain J99 and the inhibition zones were measured and compared with standards. Inhibition of H. pylori urease as IC50 ranged from 2.67-18.12 mg/mL. These results were supported by TPC and TFC had range from 22.10-79.00 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/100 honey and 0.88-7.08 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE)/100 g honey, respectively. These results indicate that honey extracts may be appropriate agents to treat H. pylori by inhibition effect.展开更多
Over-exploitation and sand-gravel mining affect groundwater resources in terms of both quantity and quality. Groundwater level and well yields in and around the sand-gravel pits significantly decrease. Sand-gravel min...Over-exploitation and sand-gravel mining affect groundwater resources in terms of both quantity and quality. Groundwater level and well yields in and around the sand-gravel pits significantly decrease. Sand-gravel mining also changes the turbidity levels and temperature of groundwater. Reduction and destruction of valuable aquifers are significant issues. In this case, the natural state of the aquifer disappears. The Kazan Plain in central Turkey is a dramatic example of these kinds of results. The productive sand-gravel aquifer in the Kazan plain has been substantially damaged due to intensive sand-gravel mining since the 1980s. Additionally, over-exploitation has caused notable declines in groundwater levels, particularly in the 2000s. This study focuses on the hydrogeochemical situation of the Kazan Plain alluvium aquifer after intensive sand-gravel mining and over-exploitation. Groundwater samples were collected seasonally in 2015, five years after the over-exploitation and heavy sand-gravel mining. The decline reached 20 m (about half of the saturated thickness of the sand-gravel aquifer) in the region where the intensive groundwater abstraction lasted until 2010. Some quarries continued to operate until 2010, but after that mining activity continued only at a minimum level. Today, groundwater quality has been significantly degraded due to the over-exploitation of sand-gravel mining and also the cessation of recharge from fresh river water.展开更多
文摘In this study, the gamma radiation shielding features of several environmentally friendly materials were investigated. For this purpose, several attenuation parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (l=q), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were determined experimentally and compared with numerical data obtained using WinXCom software. In the measurements, the emitted gamma photons were counted by a gamma spectrometer equipped with an HPGe detector using 22Na, 54Mn, 57Co, 60Co, 133Ba, and 137Cs radioactive point sources in the energy region of 81–1333 keV. The obtained results indicate that the l=q and RPE values of the samples decrease with an increase in photon energy. The experimental values are in good agreement with those obtained using WinXCom software. The RPE and Zeff results show that among the studied materials, the NaY0.77Yb0.20Er0.03F4 sample has the best gamma radiation shielding effectiveness.
文摘This study aims to identify medicinal plants traditionally used to treat diseases by local people living in Güce district,north-eastern Turkey.The study was carried out between 2018 and 2021 using a two-part semi-structured,open-ended questionnaire with 165 local people.Data were analysed using use-report,frequency of citation,and informant consensus factor.Informants identified 128 vascular medicinal plant taxa belonging to 54 families and 106 genera.The most common plant taxa belong to Rosaceae(16 taxa/12.5%),Asteraceae(12 taxa/9.4%),and Lamiaceae(9 taxa/7%)families.The most frequently used preparation method reported was decoction(39.8%);the most commonly utilized plant parts were leaves(40.3%).Statistical analysis reveals that women in Güce district(df?163,p?0.043<0.05)possess the most traditional knowledge.The highest frequency of citation(61)and use report(92)were recorded for Tilia rubra subsp.caucasica,and the highest informant consensus factors were cited for respiratory system disorders(0.86),digestive system disorders(0.73),and skin disorders(0.71).This study reported nine plant taxa as medicinal plants for the first time,and documented a total of 293 new therapeutic uses.However,the study indicates that the transfer of traditional knowledge to future generations is limited(F?3.355,p?0.020).Action should be taken as soon as possible to preserve existing traditional knowledge and to ensure its transfer to future generations.
文摘Objective To determine the metal contents of lichen species from East Black Sea region of Turkey for investigation of trace metal pollution sourced traffic. Methods The levels of copper, cadmium, lead, zinc, manganese, iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, palladium in lichen samples collected from East Black Sea region of Turkey were determined by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion method. The accuracy of the method was corrected by standard reference material (NIST SRM IAEA-336 Lichen). Results The contents of invest!gated trace metals in lichen samples were 7.19-22.4 μg/g for copper, 0.10-0.64 μg/g for cadmium, 4.03-44.6 μg/g for lead, 14.5-41.8 μg/g for zinc, 25.8-208 μg/g for manganese, 331-436 μg/g for iron, 1.20-3.01 μg/g for chromium, 1.48-3.90 μg/g for nickel, 0.20-3.55 μg/g for cobalt, 0.11-0.64 μg/g for palladium. The results were compared with the literature values. Conclusion Some lichen species such as Xanthoparmelia conspersa, Xanthoria calcicola, Peltigera membranacea, and Physcia adscendens are accumulated trace metals at a high ratio.
文摘Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) is the type species for genus Iridovirus, and belongs to the family Iridoviridae. Since the discovery of CIV in 1966, many attempts were made to elucidate the viral genome structure. The virions contain a single linear ds DNA molecule that is circularly permuted and terminally redundant. The genome of CIV has been entirely sequenced. The CIV virion consists of an unusual three-layer structure containing an outer proteinaceous capsid, an intermediate lipid membrane, and a core DNA-protein complex containing the genome. CIV has a broad host spectrum and has, in general, a limited mortality effect on its hosts. Up to now there have been several studies about CIV describing its structure, ecology, and molecular biology. In this review study we present all these studies together to describe the CIV.
文摘Objective:Perirenal fat stranding(PFS)is linear areas of soft-tissue attenuation in the perirenal space on non-contrast computed tomography.The present study aimed to investigate whether PFS is associated with infectious complications after ureterorenoscopy(URS)in patients with ureteral calculi in any location.Methods:The data of 602 patients with ureteral stones who underwent URS were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into two groups as Group 1(PFS not detected)and Group 2(PFS detected).Gender,and age of patients,size,side,and location of the stone,operation time,double-J stent insertion status,perioperative ureter injury,postoperative infection after URS and related complications,and duration of hospital stay were compared.Results:While PFS was not detected in 530 patients,PFS was detected in 72 patients.The mean age,male/female ratio,side and localization of the stones,operation time,and perioperative insertion of the double-J after lithotripsy were statistically similar(p>0.05).The median stone diameter was smaller in Group 2(9 mm vs.8 mm)(p=0.033).Fever was observed in 30 and 38 patients in Group 1 and Group 2,respectively(p=0.0001).Urinary tract infection was detected in 24 and 27 patients in Group 1 and Group 2,respectively(p=0.0001).The urosepsis did not occur in any patients in Group 1,whereas 8(11.1%)patients in Group 2 experienced urosepsis(p=0.0001).Conclusion:According to the results of the present study,patients with ureteral stones accompanied by PFS are much more prone to ureteral injuries and infectious complications such as urinary tract infection,fever,and sepsis after URS.
文摘From different reports, it (AZO) and indium-doped including usage areas. We nanocrystalline films with is realized that there is a need to consider all sides of aluminum-doped zinc oxide zinc oxide (IZO) thin films with their optical, luminescence and surface properties establish an assessment to carry out further information to summarize AZO and IZO impact of the layer number.
文摘It is well known that peripheral nerve injury should be treated immediately in the clinic, but in some instances, repair can be delayed. This study investigated the effects of immediate versus delayed (3 days after injury) neurorrhaphy on repair of transected sciatic nerve in New Zealand rabbits using stereological, histomorphological and biomechanical methods. At 8 weeks after immediate and delayed neurorrhaphy, axon number and area in the sciatic nerve, myelin sheath and epineurium thickness, Schwann cell morphology, and the mechanical property of nerve fibers did not differ obviously. These results indicate that delayed neurorrhaphy do not produce any deleterious effect on sciatic nerve repair.
文摘We evaluated,for the first time in Turkey,the productivity of a feller buncher during clear-cut operations of two Brutian pine stands located in Canakkale,northwestern Turkey with different diameter classes and terrain conditions.In the first stand with 24.6 cm average DBH,the feller buncher cut full trees and moved them to roadside.In the second stand with 34.3 cm average DBH,the feller buncher cut trees in two stages due to their larger diameters and the relatively steep and rough terrain conditions of the site.The effects of specific stand features,DBH and tree height measurements were assessed through statistical analysis in relation to productivity.The results indicate that the average productivity for the first stand was about 118 m^3h^-1,while it was about 80 m3h-1 in the second stand.Even though tree diameter and volume were higher in the second stand,productivity decreased by32.3%due to extra time spent on the two-stage cutting operation.The results revealed that harvesting operations should be planned carefully and the right equipment selected by accounting for different tree sizes,terrain conditions and machine specifications in order to better understand their effects on production.
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of coronoid process hyperplasia(CPH)is usually based on symptoms and radiological imaging.Because of its similar symptoms,it can be confused with temporomandibular joint diseases.Therefore,an objective and reproducible way of diagnosis should be determined.AIM To investigate CPH using Levandoski analysis on panoramic radiographs to determine its prevalence.METHODS A total of 300 panoramic radiograph images(600 coronoid processes)were examined.Having measured the Condyle-Gonion(Cd-Go)and Coronoid-Gonion(Cor-Go)distances,the Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratio was calculated for the left and right sides of each image.RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances between male and female participants(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant relationship between Cor-Go:Cd-Go ratios and gender(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Cd-Go and Cor-Go distances were statistically significantly increased in males on both the left and right sides.The ratio of Cor-Go:Cd-Go was preserved in both genders.The prevalence of CPH was found to be 0.3%.
文摘In this study, the kinetic energy formula of the projection curve under 1-parameter closed homothetic motion is expressed and as a result, theorem is given. Also some special cases are given related with that formula.
文摘The polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-based composites were prepared using goose feather fibers at different diameters. The fibers, which were washed and dried, cut through the shaft, and their sizes were shrunk to short fiber form. Then the obtained short fibers were added into acryl matrix in portions of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% in volume. The mixture containing goose feather fiber was shaped via free casting method, and the goose feather fiber/PMMA composites were obtained. The samples, which were processed in accordance with the standards of test to be implemented after the thermal curing process, were characterized in terms of the mechanical properties after being evaluated by using three-point flexure test and impact test. For the goose feather-added composites, a significant increase was observed in rupture resistance, flexural strength, and flexure module. The flexure test curves of composites clearly revealed the slow and stable crack enlargement. Micro mechanisms of toughening and rupture processes were observed under the light of microstructure of rupture surfaces. The results of present study showed that the goose feather can be used as an important reinforcing material for bio-composites.
文摘We analyzed two types of crude oil samples: Middle Eastern crude oil and Texas crude oil by using a residual gas analyzer (RGA) based on the linear quadrupole principle. This portable mass analyzer is capable of measuring hydrocarbons with masses of up to 300 atomic mass units (amu) as well as low mass targets, such as methane and carbon dioxide at ppm level concentrations. The generated mass spectra revealed differences in the composition and signal intensity of hydrocarbons of Middle Eastern and Texas crude oil samples. Even if RGA 300 is manufactured to be served as a detailed gas analysis of vacuum systems, we have shown that it is sensitively capable of detection of hydrocarbons and it enables one to qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of the crude oils.
文摘Stressors, such as work overload, role conflicts, lack of time, lack of self-care, poor job-related interpersonal relationships, feeling powerless to provide quality care, struggling with competing demands,death, conflict with doctors, peers and supervisors, and inadequate emotional preparation, can be negative, stressful, traumatic, or difficult situations or episodes of hardship for nurses. Situations or episodes of these types can also cause both physical and mental problems, such as fatigue, irritability,lack of concentration, unhappiness, depressive sensation, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion.Despite all of these challenges, resilience enables nurses to cope with their work environment and to maintain healthy and stable psychological functioning. The aim of this review is to describe the concept of resilience, explain characteristics with which it is related and outline interventions to increase the resilience of nurses.
文摘Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important known risk factor for gastric disease. At least half the world’s population is under the influence of this bacterium type. So many therapeutic studies focus on treat gastric disease. But these treatments could be interrupted due to metabolic toxic and show the drug resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effecting degree of H. pylori with different type of honey samples from Turkey. The study was supported by bioactivity results of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC). The agar-well diffusion assay was carried out on H. pylori strain J99 and the inhibition zones were measured and compared with standards. Inhibition of H. pylori urease as IC50 ranged from 2.67-18.12 mg/mL. These results were supported by TPC and TFC had range from 22.10-79.00 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/100 honey and 0.88-7.08 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE)/100 g honey, respectively. These results indicate that honey extracts may be appropriate agents to treat H. pylori by inhibition effect.
文摘Over-exploitation and sand-gravel mining affect groundwater resources in terms of both quantity and quality. Groundwater level and well yields in and around the sand-gravel pits significantly decrease. Sand-gravel mining also changes the turbidity levels and temperature of groundwater. Reduction and destruction of valuable aquifers are significant issues. In this case, the natural state of the aquifer disappears. The Kazan Plain in central Turkey is a dramatic example of these kinds of results. The productive sand-gravel aquifer in the Kazan plain has been substantially damaged due to intensive sand-gravel mining since the 1980s. Additionally, over-exploitation has caused notable declines in groundwater levels, particularly in the 2000s. This study focuses on the hydrogeochemical situation of the Kazan Plain alluvium aquifer after intensive sand-gravel mining and over-exploitation. Groundwater samples were collected seasonally in 2015, five years after the over-exploitation and heavy sand-gravel mining. The decline reached 20 m (about half of the saturated thickness of the sand-gravel aquifer) in the region where the intensive groundwater abstraction lasted until 2010. Some quarries continued to operate until 2010, but after that mining activity continued only at a minimum level. Today, groundwater quality has been significantly degraded due to the over-exploitation of sand-gravel mining and also the cessation of recharge from fresh river water.