Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology that enables the treatment of high-salinity wastewater. To monitor the state and trends of MD technology for wastewater treatment, the patent filings from the last ...Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology that enables the treatment of high-salinity wastewater. To monitor the state and trends of MD technology for wastewater treatment, the patent filings from the last nine years were analyzed. A total of 72 documents with a special focus either on the membrane itself or on the equipment and process were found. China, United States and Japan play a leading role in the development of these technologies. Most of the inventions concentrating on the membrane apply polymers as the material. Inventions describing the equipment and process are mainly related to system and module design, but also cover the combination of MD with other technologies, the treatment customization to a specific type of wastewater, fouling control and cleaning, and energy recovery. Finally, enhancements in water flux and energy efficiency are found to be key factors to broaden the application of MD technology in wastewater treatment.展开更多
The Lusitanian(Microtus lusitanicus)and the Mediterranean(Microtus duodecimcostatus)pine voles are recently diverged sister species endemic of the Iberian Peninsula that can be identified with ecological and morphologi...The Lusitanian(Microtus lusitanicus)and the Mediterranean(Microtus duodecimcostatus)pine voles are recently diverged sister species endemic of the Iberian Peninsula that can be identified with ecological and morphological characters,but in areas where the 2 species co-occur,species designation may be difficult.Genetic discrimination between M.lusitanicus and M.duodecimcostatus has not been achieved yet possibly because of their estimated re-cent split and an evolutionary history that includes inter-species geneflow.Following our previous observations on exons 5–7 of the p53 gene,here we analyze the potential use of the p53 genomic region as a discrimination marker of these species by extending our analyses to several kb upstream and downstream of the p53 gene and charac-terizing the degree of genetic differentiation in 7 markers within this region.Additionally,we fully sequenced the P53 protein of both species.We observed:(i)generally high differentiation in this region;(ii)M.duodecimcostatus showed in general higher values of nucleotide and haplotype diversities;(iii)the concatenated phylogenetic tree separates the 2 species;(iv)the 2 P53 proteins only differ in 1 amino acid;(v)4 of the markers,2 in p53,one in Atp1b2,and another in Wrap53,contain species-specific genetic variation thus allowing a reliable discrimination between specimens from both species,irrespective of sampling location or introgression status.We provide ad-ditional data on the putative role of p53 in the evolution of these species and present researchers with a fast and cost-effective resource for M.lusitanicus and M.duodecimcostatus identification.展开更多
文摘Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology that enables the treatment of high-salinity wastewater. To monitor the state and trends of MD technology for wastewater treatment, the patent filings from the last nine years were analyzed. A total of 72 documents with a special focus either on the membrane itself or on the equipment and process were found. China, United States and Japan play a leading role in the development of these technologies. Most of the inventions concentrating on the membrane apply polymers as the material. Inventions describing the equipment and process are mainly related to system and module design, but also cover the combination of MD with other technologies, the treatment customization to a specific type of wastewater, fouling control and cleaning, and energy recovery. Finally, enhancements in water flux and energy efficiency are found to be key factors to broaden the application of MD technology in wastewater treatment.
基金Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência,Tecnologia e Ensino Superior(FCT/MCTES)for the financial support to CESAM(UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020)through national funds.ASQ and JPT are funded by national funds(OE),through FCT。
文摘The Lusitanian(Microtus lusitanicus)and the Mediterranean(Microtus duodecimcostatus)pine voles are recently diverged sister species endemic of the Iberian Peninsula that can be identified with ecological and morphological characters,but in areas where the 2 species co-occur,species designation may be difficult.Genetic discrimination between M.lusitanicus and M.duodecimcostatus has not been achieved yet possibly because of their estimated re-cent split and an evolutionary history that includes inter-species geneflow.Following our previous observations on exons 5–7 of the p53 gene,here we analyze the potential use of the p53 genomic region as a discrimination marker of these species by extending our analyses to several kb upstream and downstream of the p53 gene and charac-terizing the degree of genetic differentiation in 7 markers within this region.Additionally,we fully sequenced the P53 protein of both species.We observed:(i)generally high differentiation in this region;(ii)M.duodecimcostatus showed in general higher values of nucleotide and haplotype diversities;(iii)the concatenated phylogenetic tree separates the 2 species;(iv)the 2 P53 proteins only differ in 1 amino acid;(v)4 of the markers,2 in p53,one in Atp1b2,and another in Wrap53,contain species-specific genetic variation thus allowing a reliable discrimination between specimens from both species,irrespective of sampling location or introgression status.We provide ad-ditional data on the putative role of p53 in the evolution of these species and present researchers with a fast and cost-effective resource for M.lusitanicus and M.duodecimcostatus identification.
