车载CAN通信Android应用的设计模式研究与应用

在汽车中,电子控制器件可以通过CAN协议连接成局域网络用于信息传输。车载娱乐系统在这些电子器件中扮演着与用户交互的重要角色,为了满足用户生态化需求和友好的界面操作体验,Android系统被引入车载娱乐系统中。文中主要探讨了通过Android应用程序采用模型-视图-控制器(Model-View-Controller,MVC)、模型-视图-表示器(Model-View-Presenter,MVP)和模型-视图-视图模型(Model-View-ViewModel,MVVM)设计模式来访问CAN网络的实现方式,并对这3种设计模式进行了比较,分析它们在访问CAN网络方面的优缺点,结果表明MVVM设计模式更适合于车载娱乐系统应用程序访问CAN网络。

Development and application of magnesium alloy parts for automotive OEMs:A review

China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile,rail transportation,aerospace,medical,and electronic products.Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation,properties,and processes of Mg alloys.In the past 20 years,the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded,whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported.Thus,the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle(body system,chassis system,powertrain system,interior,and exterior system).Subsequently,two actual original equipment manufacturers(OEM)cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy,including forward design,formability analysis,process design analysis,structural redesign,manufacturing,and testing,aiming to share the methods,processes,and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field.Eventually,the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed.National policies and regulations,environmental protection and energy saving,and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.

Hot-deformation kinetics analysis and extrusion parameter optimization of a dilute rare-earth free magnesium alloy

The fundamental research on thermo-mechanical conditions provides an experimental basis for high-performance Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloys.However, there is a lack of systematical investigation for this series alloys on the hot-deformation kinetics and extrusion parameter optimization. Here, the flow behavior, constitutive model, dynamic recrystallization(DRX) kinetic model and processing map of a dilute rare-earth free Mg-1.3Al-0.4Ca-0.4Mn(AXM100, wt.%) alloy were studied under different hot-compressive conditions. In addition, the extrusion parameter optimization of this alloy was performed based on the hot-processing map. The results showed that the conventional Arrhenius-type strain-related constitutive model only worked well for the flow curves at high temperatures and low strain rates. In comparison, using the machine learning assisted model(support vector regression, SVR) could effectively improve the accuracy between the predicted and experimental values. The DRX kinetic model was established, and a typical necklace-shaped structure preferentially occurred at the original grain boundaries and the second phases. The DRX nucleation weakened the texture intensity, and the further growth caused the more scattered basal texture. The hot-processing maps at different strains were also measured and the optimal hot-processing range could be confirmed at the deformation temperatures of 600~723 K and the strain rates of 0.018~0.563 s^(-1). Based on the optimum hot-processing range, a suitable extrusion parameter was considered as 603 K and 0.1 mm/s and the as-extruded alloy in this parameter exhibited a good strength-ductility synergy(yield strength of ~ 232.1 MPa, ultimate strength of ~ 278.2 MPa and elongation-to-failure of ~ 20.1%). Finally, the strengthening-plasticizing mechanisms and the relationships between the DRXed grain size, yield strength and extrusion parameters were analyzed.

基于HyperLynx的电信号串扰仿真分析

在高速数字电路中,电信号串扰是影响信号完整性的一个主要因素。针对近端电信号串扰噪声和远端电信号串扰噪声进行理论建模,借助信号完整性仿真工具HyperLynx进行仿真分析,研究攻击线与受害线的间距、耦合长度、信号线到参考平面的介质层厚度、信号上升沿及下降沿速率对于电信号串扰的影响。仿真结果表明:合理的设计可以有效抑制电信号串扰,进而提高电路信号完整性。

Microstructural evolution of Mg-Al-Re alloy reinforced with alumina fibers

Few studies were reported on the phases'relationships of AE44(Mg-4.0Al-4.1RE-0.3Mn,wt.%)and its composites.In this work,AE44 alloy and Saffil(6-Al2O3)/AE44 Metal matrix composite(MMC)were both prepared by slow shot high pressure die casting(SS-HPDC)technology and their phase constitutions were all studied in detail using experimental techniques combined with CALPHAD(Calculation of Phase Diagram)modeling.The results revealed that the alloy consists of the a-Mg matrix,A1hRE3 intermetallic phase,and one trace phase AI3RE,while the composite contains five major phases:a-Mg,5-AI2O3,AI3RE,MgO and Mg2Si.and two trace phases of A12RE and AI11RE3,respectively.A1hRE3 is partly derived from ALRE,while A13RE is a product of the peritectoid reaction between the two precipitates.The presence of MgO and Mg2Si is due to the interfacial reaction between the SiO2 binder in the fiber preforms and the molten magnesium during infiltration.The use of SiO2 binder in the preform manufacturing was limited/minimized to reduce the MgO formation in the MMC casting process,which can be detrimental to the fatigue performance of the MMC materials.

PET imaging for receptor occupancy: meditations on calculation and simplification

This invited mini-review briefly summarizes procedures and challenges of measuring receptor occupancy with positron emission tomography. Instead of describing the detailed analytic procedures of in vivo ligand-receptor imaging, the authors provide a pragmatic alJproach, along with personal perspectives, for conducting positron emission tomography imaging for receptor occupancy, and systematically elucidate the mathematics of receptor occupancy calculations in practical ways that can be understood with elementary algebra. The authors also share insights regarding positron emission tomography imaging for receptor occupancy to facilitate applications for the development of drugs targeting receptors in the central nervous system.

Ultrasonic Plasma Engineering Toward Facile Synthesis of Single-Atom M-N4/N-Doped Carbon(M=Fe,Co) as Superior Oxygen Electrocatalyst in Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries

As bifunctional oxygen evolution/reduction electrocatalysts,transition-metal-based single-atom-doped nitrogen-carbon(NC)matrices are promising successors of the corresponding noblemetal-based catalysts,offering the advantages of ultrahigh atom utilization effciency and surface active energy.However,the fabrication of such matrices(e.g.,well-dispersed single-atom-doped M-N4/NCs)often requires numerous steps and tedious processes.Herein,ultrasonic plasma engineering allows direct carbonization in a precursor solution containing metal phthalocyanine and aniline.When combining with the dispersion effect of ultrasonic waves,we successfully fabricated uniform single-atom M-N4(M=Fe,Co)carbon catalysts with a production rate as high as 10 mg min-1.The Co-N4/NC presented a bifunctional potential drop ofΔE=0.79 V,outperforming the benchmark Pt/C-Ru/C catalyst(ΔE=0.88 V)at the same catalyst loading.Theoretical calculations revealed that Co-N4 was the major active site with superior O2 adsorption-desorption mechanisms.In a practical Zn-air battery test,the air electrode coated with Co-N4/NC exhibited a specific capacity(762.8 mAh g(-1))and power density(101.62 mW cm^(-2)),exceeding those of Pt/C-Ru/C(700.8 mAh g^(-1) and 89.16 mW cm^(-2),respectively)at the same catalyst loading.Moreover,for Co-N4/NC,the potential difference increased from 1.16 to 1.47 V after 100 charge-discharge cycles.The proposed innovative and scalable strategy was concluded to be well suited for the fabrication of single-atom-doped carbons as promising bifunctional oxygen evolution/reduction electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries.

Cleoderm<up>TM</up>Clarifying Cream: A Novel, Topical Vehicle Using Plant-Based Excipients and Actives Targeting Acne and Oily Skin

Acne vulgaris is the most common skin condition associated with inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit and affects all ethnic and age groups, independent of sex, nationality, or socioeconomic status. Treatment usually includes oral and/or physical and/or topical interventions—the last can be obtained through commercial preparations in fixed doses or as compounded creams/gels, with personalized qualitative and quantitative composition, to be unique to each patient. In this sense, ready-to-use vehicles play an important role as a timesaving strategy and to ensure maximum results from the treatment. In this paper, we present CleodermTM Clarifying Cream, a ready-to-use, functional semisolid vehicle for acne treatments and topical products for oily skin, to be used by compounding pharmacies. It contains ingredients that can potentiate the effects of the active ingredients added, and has a light and pleasant skin feel. The current body of evidence shows that CleodermTM Clarifying Cream can be an important strategy for compounding personalized acne treatments due to its multiple positive roles on decreasing sebum production, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species, inhibition of Cutibacterium acnes proliferation, and control of inflammation.

金属3D打印技术工艺探索及应用

为了实现产品性能指标提升、技术创新、降成本、缩短制造周期、个性化定制目标,现阶段对金属3D打印激光选区融化(SLM)工艺制作铝合金(AlSi10Mg)与不锈钢(316L)材料零件进行了深入技术研究,主要对金属3D打印支撑工艺优化、无支撑技术探索、零件力学性能研究以及在汽车产品上的应用进行了深入研究,探索其实际应用场景;根据探索结果,总结了金属3D打印支撑技术工艺指导规范及无支撑技术工艺探索规律、总结打印零部件力学性能所能达到的具体数值,同时开发了汽车零件应用场景,通过金属3D打印激光选区融化(SLM)工艺替代复杂长周期高费用的传统工艺零件,为汽车零件进一步应用金属3D打印工艺技术提供了理论依据及实际应用案例参考。

Validation of the Daily Diary of Fatigue Symptoms—Fibromyalgia (DFS-Fibro)

Introduction: Fatigue is an important fibromyalgia (FM) symptom, but existing measures of fatigue are unlikely to meet regulatory standards for clinical trial use. We describe the development and validation of the Daily Diary of Fatigue Symptoms—Fibromyalgia (DFS-Fibro), a 24-hour recall, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of fatigue in FM that is administered electronically (ePRO). Methods: There were 3 phases of work: 1) item generation based on concept elicitation interviews with FM patients, with clinical relevance confirmed by expert clinician review;2) pilot testing/cognitive debriefing interviews with FM patients;and 3) psychometric validation using data from a methodology study with 145 FM patients. The measure was finalised based on both qualitative and quantitative findings. Results: Twenty-three items were generated in phase 1, some minor revisions were made following the pilot testing and cognitive debriefing (phase 2) but none were deleted. All patients found the measure easy to understand and use. Item reduction was conducted taking into account both the initial psychometric data and the earlier qualitative research, resulting in a final 5 item measure of the “symptom” of fatigue. The 5-item DFS-Fibro had very high internal consistency (alpha = 0.99), and strong test-re-test reliability (r > 0.84), convergent validity and known-groups validity. Conclusion: The DFS-Fibro has strong psychometric properties and strong face and content validity for the measurement of fatigue in FM.

Management of Grass and Broadleaf Weeds in Processing Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Clomazone, in the Argentinian Pampas

Weed competition in the potato crop could cause up to a 95% yield reduction depending on the variety, the weed species and the competition period. In this work the effect of Clomazone (Command 36 CS®), when applied alone or in combination with Metribuzin (Sencorex® 48) upon grass and broad-leaved weeds was assessed. The work was carried out under the environmental conditions of the Argentinian Pampas, where close to 50% of the potatoes produced in the country are grown. The field trial was performed during the spring-summer crop, season 2008/09, with cv. Innovator, in a completely randomized design of the following treatments: (a) control, without weed control;(b) Clomazone 1.6 l·ha-1;(c) Clomazone 2.0 l·ha-1;(d) Clomazone 1 l·ha-1 + Metribuzin 0.75 l·ha-1;(e) Clomazone 1.6 l·ha-1 + Metribuzin 0.5 l·ha-1;and (f) Metribuzin 1.35 l·ha-1. Treatment effectiveness (TE), crop competition level (CCL) and weed suppression index (WSI) were assessed at 38, 53 and 72 days after planting (DAP), while yield and quality were also evaluated, following industry protocols. In those treatments were Clomazone was used alone, at 2 l·ha-1, or combined (Clomazone 1 l·ha-1 + Metribuzin 0.75 l·ha-1), a higher yield was observed. Besides, a high correlation between TE, WSI and tuber yield was also achieved. Clomazone improved TE, CCL and WSI, which was not only reflected in higher tuber yields, but also on better tuber quality.

Protection of Glassware in the Automatic Dishwashing Process – A Detergent Manufacturer’s Insights and Experiences

Since the automatic dishwasher became a very common household appliance,some negative surface modifications with dishes can happen.This paper is recapping main risk factors for glass and décor corrosion after long term washing in the dishwasher.The different possibilities for a detergent providing protection of glassware are pointed out.Additionally,the impacts on material care due to the US and EU-phosphate ban in dishwasher detergents are discussed.

Pre-hCG variables associated with occurrence of ascites in IVF/ICSI patients at moderate risk of developing OHSS:A pilot investigation

Objective: To identify predictors of ascites collected prior to the hCG administration in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment at moderate risk of developing moderate/severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and, based on these predictors, develop a nomogram for estimation of the probability of presence of ascites. Methods and Materials: Data were derived from 53 patients with 20 - 30 follicles ≥10 mmat end of stimulation. All patients received a single dose of hCG (250 mg) to trigger final follicular maturation when ≥2 follicles of ≥18 mmwere observed. Transvaginal ultrasound to measure ascites (total amount of peritoneal fluid ≥9 cm2inlithotomy position) was performed 2, 5 and 8 days after the hCG administration. Associations between clinical, sonographic and endocrinological variables recorded prior to the hCG administration and presence of ascites were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Thirty-four patients (64%) had ultrasonic evidence of ascites. The multivariable analysis identified the total number of follicles [OR 1.29 (95% CI: 1.02 - 1.69, P = 0.043)], the ovarian volume [OR 1.05 (95% CI: 1.00 - 1.11, P = 0.047)] and BMI [OR 0.76 (95% CI: 0.56 - 0.99, P = 0.053)] as predictors of ascites (AUC = 0.825). A nomogram (PROFET) was designed with these three variables for individual prediction of the probability of development of ascites. Conclusions: This pilot investigation indicates that the risk of peritoneal fluid accumulation in IVF/ICSI patients at moderate risk of developing moderate/severe OHSS is influenced by the number of follicles and the ovarian volume on the day of hCG administration as well as the BMI.

连续式微滤膜分离乳清蛋白的研究

文章研究了跨膜压力对连续式微滤膜分离技术工艺参数、分离效果及组分组成的影响。以脱脂乳为原料,使用0.1μm陶瓷微滤膜三级连续在线洗滤工艺分离乳清蛋白和酪蛋白。实验使用0.08、0.11、0.14 MPa 3个梯度,在50℃,3.5倍浓缩的条件下连续生产240 min。计算跨膜压力并且检测截留液和透过液中的α-乳白蛋白(α-La),β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)含量及钾、钙、钠、镁等金属离子的含量。结果表明一级膜通量下降是导致整体膜通量下降的主要因素,经过240 min实验通量下降约17.2%。研究了不同跨膜压力下的膜通量变化情况,膜通量与跨膜压力呈正相关关系,水洗恢复率与跨膜压力呈负相关关系。随着实验时间的延长,膜表面形成不可逆的污堵层,乳清蛋白分离率下降,透过液中乳清蛋白含量下降,150 min后α-乳白蛋白浓度下降37%,β-乳球蛋白浓度下降36.5%。乳清蛋白中2种主要蛋白质比例会随着跨膜压力变化而变化,随着跨膜压力的升高β-乳球蛋白含量会逐渐升高。三级连续膜过滤后,乳清蛋白最高分离率90%左右(α-乳白蛋白为90.4%,β-乳球蛋白为92.7%)。乳中蛋白质的形态和功能受金属离子影响,分离过程中一价阳离子在膜两侧分布较均匀(脱除率大于80%),而二价阳离子则主要集中在截留液一侧(钙离子脱除率为38%)。透过液中的每克蛋白质所对应的金属离子比例远远大于其在截留液中的比例。

中国母乳寡糖构成特征分析

为了分析中国代表性地区健康乳母的母乳寡糖因地区、泌乳时间和血型基因型受到的影响,探究中国母乳寡糖的构成特征,采用纵向队列研究方法采集我国东西南北6个城市、109名健康母亲、3个泌乳阶段的母乳样本,利用超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱分析23种母乳寡糖的质量浓度,并对母乳血型基因型归属状态进行分析。结果表明,昆明、济南和深圳的总母乳寡糖质量浓度和总岩藻糖基中性寡糖质量浓度显著高于北京、包头和西宁,其中包头地区母乳的3-岩藻糖基乳糖(3-fucosyllactose,3-FL)、二岩藻糖基乳糖(lactodifucotetraose,LDFT)和乳糖-N-二岩藻糖基新六糖II(lacto-N-neodifucohexaose II,LNn DFH-II)质量浓度分别显著低于深圳、济南和北京;8种中性寡糖和4种酸性寡糖随泌乳时间延长呈现显著降低趋势;3-FL含量随泌乳时间延长呈现显著上升,LDFT和LNn DFH-II也随泌乳时间延长呈上升趋势,但差异不显著;2种单岩藻糖基六糖在1月龄成熟乳时质量浓度达到最高,之后持平或者略降低;以寡糖类型推测的血型基因型分型发现,各城市乳母均以Se+Le+为主,但该类型母乳中除了乳糖-N-二岩藻糖基六糖II(lacto-N-difucohexaose II,LNDFH-II)、LNDFH-I&LNn DFH-I、6’-唾液酸化乳糖和唾液酸化-乳糖-四糖c质量浓度比其他血型基因型高以外,其他18种寡糖质量浓度均低于其他血型基因型。本研究揭示了地区、泌乳阶段和乳母血型基因型造成了母乳寡糖组成和含量的差异,可为生命早期婴幼儿营养摄入中母乳寡糖的精准化提供科学理论指导。

高温下Al_(3)Zr颗粒对Al-Cu-Li基合金的热变形行为以及加工图的影响

采用等温平面压缩试验研究Al3Zr颗粒在不同温度(400~500℃)以及应变速率(0.01~10 s^?1)条件下对Al?Cu?Li基合金热压缩行为以及加工图的影响。通过金相观察(OM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)以及透射电镜(TEM)系统地表征不同变形条件下合金的显微组织。结果表明,在软化过程中相对于动态再结晶,动态回复起主导作用。在低温条件下,亚稳态Al3Zr颗粒能够有效抑制动态回复以及动态再结晶的长大。当温度达到500℃时,晶界附近的Al3Zr颗粒发生熔解,随Zr元素在晶界快速扩散,Al3Zr颗粒在晶界再次析出,并呈链状分布。这些链状分布的Al3Zr颗粒在热变形过程中导致宏观裂纹,在加工图中形成不安全区域(490~500℃,0.01 s^?1)。

基于最优碰撞波形的某电动汽车前端结构碰撞性能改进

为实现电动汽车正面碰撞时车身结构吸能最大化,通过分析汽车最优碰撞波形构型的特点,结合理论和经验公式对汽车前端结构进行设计,同时引入弯折等变形模式,提出基于理论最优波形构型的车身结构正面碰撞性能改进方法。结果表明,改进后车体结构的碰撞波形与最优波形构型基本一致,同时乘员胸部加速度明显下降,提高了整车安全性。

热塑性碳纤维/尼龙6复合材料界面优化及零件快速成型工艺研究

碳纤维复合材料具有质轻高强等优势,是绝佳的轻量化材料,但汽车常用的碳纤维复合材料以环氧树脂等热固性树脂为基体,大规模应用会面临不易回收的难题。热塑性碳纤维复合材料具有易回收的优势,但其如何提升碳纤维与热塑性树脂的界面结合力及零件成型效率是行业难题。本文以热塑性碳纤维/尼龙6复合材料为研究对象,针对商品化碳纤维/尼龙6界面相容性差的问题,创新设计一种新型的可溶性共聚酰胺上浆剂,将碳纤维/尼龙6的界面强度提升74.2%,显著提升了碳纤维/尼龙6的综合性能。同时,优化预浸料制备和连续模压成型的工艺参数,将碳纤维顶盖横梁的模压生产效率提升至3.4 min/件,满足汽车行业大批量产节拍要求。同时,碳纤维/尼龙6顶盖横梁具有极高的弯曲强度和模量,与钢制件相比轻量率达68.8%。综上,本文为热塑性碳纤维复合材料(易回收)在汽车上的批量化应用提供了创新解决方案。

基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的分布式驱动电动汽车制动转矩分配控制策略研究

针对分布式驱动电动汽车制动安全性和制动能量回收兼顾的问题,研究了基于NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法的车辆制动转矩分配控制策略。建立基于模糊控制的优化集筛选模块,根据车速以及需求制动转矩从Pareto前沿优化集中确定最优转矩分配系数。以某款乘用车为研究对象,基于MATLAB/Simulink和VPAT搭建制动转矩分配控制策略模型进行仿真,并搭建硬件在环仿真平台,对算法的实时性和有效性进行了验证。结果表明:WLTC工况下,基于NSGA-Ⅱ的制动转矩分配的控制策略制动转矩分配系数更加接近理想Ⅰ曲线对应的分配系数,电机制动高效区工作点提高了9.51百分点,再生制动能量回收率提升4.71百分点。