Cr-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elements

We investigated ^(50,52-54)Cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy element in the 104≤Z≤122 range.The cross sections produced in this investigation using ^(54)Cr projectiles were compared with those obtained in prior experiments.The estimated cross sections from this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior studies.From the current study,the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 MeV for ^(53)Cr+^(243)Am,23.2 fb at 236 MeV for ^(54)Cr+^(247)Cm,95.6 fb at 240 MeV for ^(53)Cr+248Bk,and 1.33 fb at 242 MeV for ^(53)Cr+250Cf.Consequently,these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam energy will be useful in future Cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.

Synthesis,Characterization and Impedance Analysis of Calcium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

The calcium-doped ZnO nanoparticles,Zn1-xCaxO(x=0,0.025,0.05,0.075)were prepared by the solution combustion meth­od.The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as XRD,FTIR,Raman,FESEM-EDX,PL,Impedance,and UV-Vis.The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffractogram yields the crystalline structure and lattice parameters.Also,the XRD analysis shows that the substitution of Ca into ZnO does not alter the Wurtzite structure of ZnO.The crystallite size of the samples,calculated using the Scherer equation,was found to be between 46 nm and 92 nm.FTIR spectra detect the ZnO-re­lated vibration modes of the samples.The FESEM morphological images suggest the spherical shape of the synthesized nanopar­ticles.The EDAX spectra identify the presence of Zn,Ca,and O atoms in the samples.The Raman active modes of the ZnO phase were identified by Raman spectral analysis.The analysis of Photoluminescence(PL)spectra gives information about the UV emis­sion and other visible bands corresponding to violet,blue,and green emission representing different intrinsic defects in synthesized nanoparticles.Using UV-vis spectroscopy,the optical transparency and band gap values were examined.The energy band gap ob­tained by Tauc’s plot was decreased with the increase in Ca doping.Impedance analysis shows that the grain conductivity increased with the increase in dopant concentration.Contrarily,the total conductivity decreased with the increasing doping concentration due to increased grain boundary resistance.The proposed work demonstrates the changes in microstructure,electrical conductivity,and optical bandgap energy with Ca-doping.These synthesized Ca-doped ZnO nanoparticles could be promising materials for photo­catalytic applications.

Investigation of decay modes of superheavy nuclei

A detailed investigation of different decay modes,namely alpha decay,beta decay,cluster decay including heavy particle emission(Z_(c)>28),and spontaneous fission,was carried out,leading to the identification of new cluster and beta-plus emitters in superheavy nucle with 104≤Z≤126.For the first time,we identified around20 beta-plus emitters in superheavy nuclei.Heavy-particle radioactivity was observed in superheavy elements of atomic number in the range 116≤Z≤126.^(292-293)Og were identified as ^(86)Kr emitters,and ^(298)122 and ^(300)122 were identified as ^(94)Zr emitters,whereas heavy-particle radioactivity from ^(91)Y was also observed in ^(299)123.Furthermore,the nuclei ^(300)124 and ^(306)126 exhibit ^(96)Mo radioactivity.The reported regions of beta-plus and heavyparticle radioactivity for superheavy nuclei are stronger than those for alpha decay.The identified decay modes for superheavy nuclei are presented in a chart.This study is intended to serve as a reference for identifying possible decay modes in the superheavy region.

Effect of variable liquid properties on peristaltic transport of Rabinowitsch liquid in convectively heated complaint porous channel

The present paper emphasizes the peristaltic mechanism of Rabinowitsch liquid in a complaint porous channel under the influence of variable liquid properties and convective heat transfer.The effect of inclination on the complaint channel walls has been taken into account.The viscosity of the liquid varies across the thickness of the complaint channel,whereas,thermal conductivity varies concerning temperature.The nonlinear governing equations are solved by using perturbation technique under the long wavelength and small Reynold’s number approximations.The expressions for axial velocity,temperature,the coefficient of heat transfer and streamlines are obtained and analyzed graphically.The above said physiological phenomena are investigated for a specific set of relevant parameters on dilatant,Newtonian and pseudoplastic fluid models.The results presented here shows that the presence of variable viscosity,porous parameter and slip parameter significantly affects the flow quantities of dilatant,Newtonian and pseudoplastic fluid models.The investigation further reveals that an increase in the value of variable viscosity and porous parameters enhances the occurrence of trapping phenomenon.Moreover,the size of trapped bolus can be eliminated with suitably adjusting the angle of inclination parameter.

Gamma and X-ray radiation compatibility of Ti–Ta–Hf–Zr alloys used for coronary stent applications

We have studied the gamma and X-ray radiation compatibility of Ti-based alloys such as Ti–37 Ta–26 Hf–13 Zr-24(wt%) [Alloy 1], Ti–40 Ta–22 Hf–11.7 Zr-26.3(wt%) [Alloy 2], Ti–45 Ta–18.4 Hf–10 Zr-26.6(wt%) [Alloy3], Ti–50 Ta–15 Hf–8 Zr-27(wt%) [Alloy 4], Ti–55 Ta–12 Hf–7 Zr-26(wt%) [Alloy 5], and Ti–60 Ta–10 Hf–5 Zr-25(wt%) [Alloy 6]. Gamma and X-ray radiation compatibility is studied by evaluating the mass attenuation coefficient,mean free path, HVL, TVL effective atomic number,effective electron density, exposure buildup factor, and relative dose. We have compared these parameters for studied alloys with that of arteries. The alloys Ti–55 Ta–12 Hf–7 Zr-26 and Ti–60 Ta–10 Hf–5 Zr-25 have added properties such as gamma/X-ray radiation compatibility,high elastic admissible strain, high mechanical strength,and excellent biocompatibility. Hence, we may suggest that, among Ti–Ta–Hf–Zr alloys, these alloys are best materials for coronary stent applications.

Lattice thermal conduction in cadmium arsenide

Lattice thermal conductivity(LTC)of cadmium arsenide(Cd_(3)As_(2))is studied over a wide temperature range(1–400 K)by employing the Callaway model.The acoustic phonons are considered to be the major carriers of heat and to be scattered by the sample boundaries,disorder,impurities,and other phonons via both Umklapp and normal phonon processes.Numerical calculations of LTC of Cd_(3)As_(2)bring out the relative importance of the scattering mechanisms.Our systematic analysis of recent experimental data on thermal conductivity(TC)of Cd_(3)As_(2)samples of different groups,presented in terms of LTC,κL,using a nonlinear regression method,reveals good fits to the TC data of the samples considered for T<~50 K,and suggests a value of 0.2 for the Gruneisen parameter.It is,however,found that for T>100 K the inclusion of the electronic component of TC,κe,incorporating contributions from relevant electron scattering mechanisms,is needed to obtain good agreement with the TC data over the wide temperature range.More detailed investigations of TC of Cd_(3)As_(2)are required to better understand its suitability in thermoelectric and thermal management devices.

Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in a Fluid Layer Bounded Above by a Porous Layer and Below by a Rigid Surface in Presence of Magnetic Field

We study the stability of an interface between two fluids of different densities flowing parallel to each other in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. A simple theory based on fully developed flow approximations is used to de-rive the dispersion relation for the growth rate of KHI. We replace the effect of boundary layer with Beavers and Joseph slip condition. The dispersion relation is derived using suitable boundary and surface conditions and results are discussed graphically. The magnetic field is found to be stabilizing and the influence of the various parameters of the problem on the interface stability is thoroughly analyzed. These are favorable to control the surface instabilities in many practical applications discussed in this paper.

An Appraisal of Segment Reporting Practices of Indian IT Industry

Segment disclosures have become an integral part of overall corporate disclosures aiming at improving the quantum and quality of financial information available in the hands of various stakeholders of firms. The disclosures leave more valuable information in the hands of investors to be used in appraising the performance of firm as a whole and its constituents. In view of changing customer and geographic profile of software industry situated in India, the present paper evaluates the segment reporting practices of listed IT firms which are required to comply with the mandatory Indian Accounting Standard No. 17 on Segment Reporting. The analysis finds a yawning gap between the prescriptions of the standard and actual reporting practices. Firms fail miserably in providing voluntary segment information which could be of shareholders value. With the ushering in of International Financial Reporting Standard ｜IFRS] regime in India in 2011, a qualitative improvement may be seen in the days ahead.

Effect of Magnetic Field on Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in a Couple-Stress Fluid Layer Bounded Above by a Porous Layer and Below by a Rigid Surface

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) appears in stratified two-fluid flow at surface. When the relative velocity is higher than the critical relative velocity, the growth of waves occurs. It is found that magnetic field has a stabilization effect whereas the buoyancy force has a destabilization effect on the KHI in the presence of sharp inter-face. The RT instability increases with wave number and flow shear, and acts much like a KHI when destabilizing effect of sheared flow dominates. It is shown that both of ablation velocity and magnetic field have stabilization effect on RT instability in the presence of continued interface. In this paper, we study the effect of magnetic field on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) in a Couple-stress fluid layer above by a porous layer and below by a rigid surface. A simple theory based on fully developed flow approximations is used to derive the dispersion relation for the growth rate of KHI. We replace the effect of boundary layer with Beavers and Joseph slip condition at the rigid surface. The dispersion relation is derived using suitable boundary and surface conditions and results are discussed graphically. The stabilization effect of magnetic field takes place for whole waveband and becomes more significant for the short wavelength. The growth rate decreases as the density scale length increases. The stabilization effect of magnetic field is more significant for the short density scale length.

Evaluation on Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of Al6061-Al₂O₃-Gr Hybrid Composites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are gaining widespread recognition in numerous technological fields owing to its superior mechanical properties when compared with conventional metals/alloys. The aluminium based hybrid composites are increasingly being used in the transport, aerospace, marine, automobile and mineral processing industries, owing to the improved strength, stiffness and wear resistance properties. In the present research work, the composites were prepared using the liquid metallurgy technique, in which 2 - 10 weight percentage of Al2O3 particulates and 1 weight percentage of Graphite were dispersed in the base Al6061 alloy. The Casted hybrid composites were subjected to machining process to prepare the specimens according to ASTM standards. Then, the prepared specimens are subjected for assessing the Microstructure followed by its Mechanical behaviors such as, Hardness, Tensile strength, Compressive strength respectively. The microstructure analysis confirms that homogenous distribution of Al2O3 and Gr in the Al6061 matrix alloy and there was a momentous enhancement in decisive tensile strength, compressive strength and hardness properties of the hybrid composite. However, a substantial increase in the compressive strength was noticed in graphite reinforced composites as the graphite content was increased and there was a significant diminution in hardness coupled with monotonic increases in the ductility. Further, the ultimate tensile strength and compressive strength of the composite was noticed;thus the outcome of the study will provide explicit rationalizations for these observable facts. Therefore, the proposed way out in the study can provide ample of approaches to minimize the existing problem by employing this newer hybrid composites.

Semi Numerical Solution for a Boundary Value Problem

The flow of viscous incompressible fluid through a tube is considered. The similarity transformation is used to reduce the governing equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The solution procedure includes application of long series analysis with polynomial coefficients. The series representing physical parameters ( ) reveal qualitative features which are comparable to pure numerical results. The analysis enables in extending region of validity. A complete description of the solutions is presented.

Minimum Covering RandićEnergy of a Graph

Randićenergy was first defined in the paper [1]. Using minimum covering set, we have introduced the minimum covering Randićenergy REC (G) of a graph G in this paper. This paper contains computation of minimum covering Randićenergies for some standard graphs like star graph, complete graph, thorn graph of complete graph, crown graph, complete bipartite graph, cocktail graph and friendship graphs. At the end of this paper, upper and lower bounds for minimum covering Randićenergy are also presented.

Heavy ion fusion of spherical nuclei

We study the experimental and theoretical fusion reactions of compound nuclei synthesized using different projectile-target systems,among which at least one projectile/target nucleus is spherical.The first part of this study analyses the fusion cross sections obtained using different projectile-target combinations in the synthesis of polonium(Po),thorium(Th),and nobelium(No).In the second part of this study,we suggest the fusion reaction to synthesize the superheavy element Z=122.We select three nuclei,polonium(Po),thorium(Th),and nobelium(No),which are synthesized using various projectile-target combinations.We also investigate fusion reactions such as^(90)Zr(^(208)Pb,2n)^(296)122.This study may be a milestone in the synthesis of the superheavy element Z=122.