Magnesium ferrites and their composites based photocatalysts:Synthesis approaches,effect of doping,and operational parameters on photocatalytic performance for wastewater remediation

In recent years,increased discharge of toxic effluents into water bodies has severely harmed ecosystems and human well-being.Various techniques are employed to remove contaminants,among which photocatalysis have proven to be the most environment friendly and effective technique.This review focuses on MgFe2O4,an exceptional photocatalyst owing to their small band gap,spherical shape,magnetic respon-sivity,stability,reusability,cost-effectiveness and small crystallite size.We have covered comprehensive comparison of research studies from the past decade to assess.Magnesium ferrite’s photocatalytic potential in pure,doped,and composite forms.Along with synthesis methods,degradation mechanisms,and shortcomings explained in detail.Furthermore,we have highlighted the enhanced photocatalytic capability of doped MgFe_(2)O_(4)and their nanocomposites towards the various organic contaminants upon visible light irradiation under a comparatively short period of time.Factors like cation distribution,dosage,pH,as well as methods for recovery and reuse are discussed to aid in production of more efficient photocatalysts.There has been a lack of information on the techniques that can be used to overcome the various shortcomings of MgFe_(2)O_(4)ferrite.Hence,we have accentuated on bringing forth such advanced techniques that would aid in driving the researchers’attention towards the practical and industrial application of the hybrid MgFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles.Lastly,the research gaps and industrial need of MgFe_(2)O_(4)ferrite-based materials were addressed to offer a concise view.

Numerical Solution for Accelerated Rotating Disk in a Viscous Fluid

The problem of a disk rotating in a viscous fluid has been investigated. The disk is accelerated with angular velocity proportional to time. Employing suitable similarity transformations the governing partial differential equations are transformed in to ordinary differential form. The resulting equations are solved numerically using SOR method and Simpson’s (1/3) rule. The results have been improved by using Richardson’s extrapolation. The effect of the non-dimensional parameter s which measures unsteadiness is observed on velocity components, skin friction coefficient and torque of the disk.

Free vibrations of simply supported nonhomogeneous isotropic rectangular plates of bilinearly varying thickness and elastically restrained edges against rotation using Rayleigh-Ritz method

This paper addresses the free transverse vibrations of thin simply supported nonhomogeneous isotropic rectangular plates of bilinearly varying thickness with elastically restrained edges against rotation. The Gram-Schmidt process has been used to generate two-dimensional boundary characteristic orthogonal polynomials, which have been used in the Rayleigh-Ritz method to study the problem. The lowest three frequencies have been computed for various values of nonhomogeneous parameters, thickness parameters, aspect ratio and flexibility parameters. A comparison of the results with those available in the literature has been made. Three-dimensional mode shapes for the specified plate have been presented.

New Ninth Order J-Halley Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations

In the paper [1], authors have suggested and analyzed a predictor-corrector Halley method for solving nonlinear equations. In this paper, we modified this method by using the finite difference scheme, which had a quantic convergence. We have compared this modified Halley method with some other iterative methods of ninth order, which shows that this new proposed method is a robust one. Some examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and the performance of this new method.

New Modification of Fixed Point Iterative Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations

In this paper, we have modified fixed point method and have established two new iterative methods of order two and three. We have discussed their convergence analysis and comparison with some other existing iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations.

Anthropogenic disturbances and their impact on vegetation in Western Himalaya,India

The present study assesses anthropogenic disturbances and their impacts on the vegetation in Western Himalaya,India on the basis of various disturbance parameters such as density,Total Basal Cover(TBC) of cut stumps,lopping percentage and grazing intensities.On the basis of canopy cover and frequency of disturbances(%),the studied forests were divided into highly disturbed(HD),moderately disturbed(MD) and least disturbed(LD) categories.The HD forests had the lowest canopy cover,lowest density and lowest TBC and the LD had the highest canopy cover,highest density and highest TBC.The MD forests occupied the intermediate position with respect to these parameters.Species richness was least in HD forests,highest in one of the MD forests while LD forest occupied an intermediate position.The percentage of regenerating species was lowest(54%) in HD and highest(72%) in MD.The density of seedlings and saplings was higher in one of the MD forests as compared to HD and LD.We concluded that the moderate disturbances do not affect the vegetation adversely;however the increased degree of disturbance causes loss in plant diversity;affects regeneration and changes community characteristics.Construction of hydroelectric projects at various places in the study area was found to be one of the most important sources of anthropogenic disturbances in addition to the routine anthropogenic disturbances like grazing,fuelwood collection and fodder extraction.If all proposed dams in the Indian Himalaya are constructed combined with weak national environmental impact assessment and implementation,it will result in a significant loss of species.Therefore,various agents of disturbances should be evaluated in cumulative manner and any developmental activities such as hydropower projects,which trigger various natural and anthropogenic disturbances,should be combined with proper cumulative environmental impact assessment and effective implementation to minimise the anticipated loss of vegetation.

不同环境变量下银胶菊叶甲的生命表(英文)

在室内研究了不同环境变量(如食物、温度、光周期和不同光波长)下银胶菊杂草Parthenium hysterophorus L.的食叶昆虫和生物防治因子银胶菊叶甲Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister的生命表。不同发育阶段的该种叶甲取食银胶菊不同部位时,取食花的甲虫死亡率指标Kappa值最低,其次是取食叶片和茎;而取食花时甲虫世代存活率最高。温度显著影响主要发育阶段该种叶甲的死亡率和存活率。27℃下饲养的未成熟期甲虫的Kappa值最低,其次是30,25,20和35℃。世代存活和存活率表现相同的趋势。不同光周期显著影响死亡率,在14L∶10D(长日照)下世代存活最好,其次是12L∶12D(昼夜相等),10L∶14D(短日照),24L∶0D(连续光照)和0L∶24D(连续黑暗)。甲虫对不同波长光的反应上,在白光(广谱)下Kappa值最低,世代存活率最高,其次是黄光(λ≈570 nm)、蓝光(λ≈475 nm)和红光(λ≈650 nm)。卵的死亡率最高。不同发育阶段的甲虫在27℃长日照白光下用银胶菊花饲养最佳。死亡率趋势具有严格和显著的阶段特异性,表现出内在的存活效应,与研究的因素无关。

Maternal salinity improves yield, size and stress tolerance of Suaeda fruticosa seeds

Shrubby seablite or lani(Suaeda fruticosa Forssk)is a perennial euhalophyte with succulent leaves,which could be planted on arid-saline lands for restoration and cultivated as a non-conventional edible or cash crop.Knowledge about the impacts of maternal saline environment on seed attributes of this important euhalophyte is lacking.This study investigated the effects of maternal salinity on yield,size and stress tolerance of S.fruticosa seeds.Seedlings of S.fruticosa were grown in a green net house under increasing maternal salinity levels(0,300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)until seed production.Total yield,size,stress tolerance and germination of the descended seeds under different maternal saline conditions were examined.Plants grown under saline conditions(300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)produce a substantially higher quantity of seeds than plants grown under non-saline condition(0 mM NaCl).Low maternal salinity(300 mM NaCl)improves seed size.Seeds produced under all maternal salinity levels display a higher tolerance to low temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 10℃/20℃),whereas seeds produced under 300 mM NaCl maternal saline condition show a better tolerance to high temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 25℃/35℃)during germination.Seeds from all maternal saline conditions germinate better in the 12 h photoperiod(12 h light/12 h dark)than in the dark(24 h dark);however,seeds produced from low and moderate maternal saline conditions(300 and 600 mM NaCl)show a higher germination in the dark than those from control and high maternal saline conditions(0 and 900 mM NaCl).In general,maternal salinity is found to improve yield,size and stress tolerance of S.fruticosa seeds.

Quantile Version of Mathai-Haubold Entropy of Order Statistics

Many researchers measure the uncertainty of a random variable using quantile-based entropy techniques.These techniques are useful in engineering applications and have some exceptional characteristics than their distribution function method.Considering order statistics,the key focus of this article is to propose new quantile-based Mathai-Haubold entropy and investigate its characteristics.The divergence measure of theMathai-Haubold is also considered and some of its properties are established.Further,based on order statistics,we propose the residual entropy of the quantile-based Mathai-Haubold and some of its property results are proved.The performance of the proposed quantile-based Mathai-Haubold entropy is investigated by simulation studies.Finally,a real data application is used to compare our proposed quantile-based entropy to the existing quantile entropies.The results reveal the outperformance of our proposed entropy to the other entropies.

Some Lγ Inequalities for the Polar Derivative of a Polynomial

In this paper, we consider an operator Da which maps a polynomial P（z） in to DaP（z）：= np（z）＋ （a-z）P＇（z）, where and obtain some Lγ inequalities for lucanary polynomials having zeros in /z/ 〈 k 〈 1. Our results yields several generaliza- tions and refinements of many known results and also provide an alternative proof of a result due to Dewan et al. [7], which is independent of Laguerre＇s theorem.

The Accelerated Rotating Disk in a Micropolar Fluid Flow

The problem of a micropolar fluid about an accelerated disk rotating with angular velocity Ω proportional to time has been studied. By means of the usual similarity transformations, the governing equations are reduced to ordinary non-linear differential equations and then solved numerically, using SOR method and Simpson’s (1/3) rule for s ≥ 0, where s is non-dimensional parameter which measures unsteadiness. The calculations have been carried out using three different grid sizes to check the accuracy of the results. The results have been improved by using Richardson’s extrapolation.

Impediments of Cognitive System Engineering in Machine-Human Modeling

A comprehensive understanding of human intelligence is still an ongoing process,i.e.,human and information security are not yet perfectly matched.By understanding cognitive processes,designers can design humanized cognitive information systems(CIS).The need for this research is justified because today’s business decision makers are faced with questions they cannot answer in a given amount of time without the use of cognitive information systems.The researchers aim to better strengthen cognitive information systems with more pronounced cognitive thresholds by demonstrating the resilience of cognitive resonant frequencies to reveal possible responses to improve the efficiency of human-computer interaction(HCI).Apractice-oriented research approach included research analysis and a review of existing articles to pursue a comparative research model;thereafter,amodel development paradigm was used to observe and monitor the progression of CIS during HCI.The scope of our research provides a broader perspective on how different disciplines affect HCI and how human cognitive models can be enhanced to enrich complements.We have identified a significant gap in the current literature on mental processing resulting from a wide range of theory and practice.

Educational Achievement, Age Distribution and the Disables

Educational achievement and age correlatives may have significant bearings on generation, maintenance, and sustenance of environment to disseminate education for comprehensive development of learners as permeation of learning and its diffusion rate may vary depending upon different achievements on literacy scale for different age groups. More so, for disable learners as such learners need additional initiatives and assisting environment of even more literate fellow beings constituting surroundings. From this perspective, this paper makes a descriptive analytical effort to present census （2011） results in evaluating overall literacy position and that for disable ones alongwith environment availability through simple statistical tools

Different Aspects of Changes in Wholesale Price Index （WPI） and Consumer Price Index （CPI） and Indian Economy

Different pattern of trend in WPI and CPI numbers over years is found to be depicted periodically for Indian economy. This has implication for casting impact on supply price determination while purchasing power of consumers can be chalked about from trend in their per capita income which also demonstrates variation over years. Movement of these indices may focus on ongoing changes taking place in exchange activities as well as may point towards price determination mechanism operating in economic system. An effort has been made in preparing framework of this paper to analyse and explore various contemporary socio-economic changes ushered in by movement of WPI and CPI indices over years and its impact fell on nature of transaction, places of transaction and network of transaction.

Analysis of transverse momentum spectra of protons,deuterons,and tritons in symmetric heavy-ion collisions at√S_(NN)=200 GeV at the RHIC

The blast wave model with Tsallis statistics is used to analyze the transverse momentum spectra of protons(p),deuterons(d),and tritons(t)in√S_(NN)=200 GeV gold-gold(Au-Au)collisions at the RHIC in various centrality bins.In particular transverse momentum ranges,the model results closely match experimental data from the PHENIX(p)and STAR(d and t)collaborations.The data are compared with those of protons obtained in Cu+Cu collisions and deuterons and tritons in Ru+Ru collisions at a center of mass energy of 200 GeV from the STAR collaboration.Particle spectra are used to derive the kinetic freeze-out temperatures,transverse flow velocities,and freeze-out volumes.According to the findings,the kinetic freeze-out temperature increases from the central to peripheral collisions.In this transition,the transverse flow velocity and freeze-out volume both decrease.For the collisions of both collaborations,this study reveals mass-dependent kinetic freeze-out temperature and differential volume possibilities.Overall,the non-extensivity parameter q decreases with increasing centrality of the studied heavy-ion collisions,and heavier mass particles have smaller values of q,which implies higher degrees of thermalization and equilibrium in more central collisions and for heavier particles.

Exact Solution of a(2+1)-Dimensional Anisotropic Star in Finch and Skea Spacetime

We provide a new class of interior solution of a(2+1)-dimensional anisotropic star in Finch and Skea spacetime corresponding to the BTZ black hole. We develop the model by considering the MIT bag model EOS and a particular ansatz for the metric function grrproposed by Finch and Skea [M.R. Finch and J.E.F. Skea, Class. Quantum.Grav. 6(1989) 467]. Our model is free from central singularity and satisfies all the physical requirements for the acceptability of the model.