Three Measurement Methods of Two-photon Absorption Cross-section

Through the experimental design and theoretical analysis, three technologies used for characterizing the two-photon absorption(TPA) properties, such as nonlinear transmission experiment and theory, Z-scan technology and two-photon induced fluorescence method, are introduced. The properties of the three experiments to be utilizable and realizable under desirable limitation are simply analyzed. The advantages of the measurements for TPA characterization are also analyzed.

Recognition and Measurement of Losses Caused by Systematic Risk in Damages of False Statements

Based on the single-factor market model,this paper examines the confirmation basis and measurement of the losses arising from systematic risk in the civil damages of false statements.The paper argues that the systematic risk not only affects the investment in securities during times of financial crisis,but also causes losses in daily securities trading.The paper carries out an empirical analysis on the existence of ft coefficient for China's listed companies within a period of one year,and examines the impact of systematic risk on the losses of investors.The civil damages of false statements should take full account of the losses arising from systematic risk.After analysis,the paper uses the correlation coefficient to represent the ratio of losses arising from systematic risk of all the transactions of a particular stock during a certain period of time,and tries to develop two methods to measure the damages after adjusting the losses caused by the systematic risk The paper has a theoretical foundation for the estimation of losses caused by systematic risk,and matches the risks and returns.The result of the paper has provided an effective method of calculation in the determination of reasonable damages in the case of China Langfang Development Co.,Ltd.

Market-Based Solutions to Overcapacity：Principles and Measures

This paper takes stock of theoretical economic analyses of overcapacity,reveals the factors that induce actual capacity to deviate from market equilibrium, examines market-based mechanisms to resolve overcapacity, and identifies long-term mechanisms and assurances for market-based solutions to overcapacity. Given the limitations of market mechanism and the government's role, neither the market nor the government is able to resolve the problem of overcapacity on its own. In resolving overcapacity, market and the government should play their respective roles rather than replace one another. While the market is a dominant force in regulating capacity and achieving supply and demand equilibrium, the government should provide institutional assurances for effective market operation. Market-based solutions to overcapacity require the government to provide institutional assurances and create a system where market entities decide to enter and exit the market under effective restraints and incentives with a clear boundary.

Employee Transition and Future Outlook： Evolution from Employee 1.0 to Employee 4.0

This paper reviews the history and journey of employee transition since the era of industrial economy, and divides the journey of employee transition into four stages according to evolving employee status and roles: Employee 1.0 refers to subordinates who have little initiative and simply obeys orders. Employee 2.0 refers to self-managers who become "strategic business unit(SBU)", "manager" and "CEO". Employee 3.0 refers to entrepreneurs whose role is maker or partner. Employee 4.0 is self-organizers who act as social man and pursues personal imperialism, online development and global sharing.

Crisis Public Diplomacy in China

Due to the current domestic situation and trend of development, China should strive to promote internal harmony and progress, and improve strategic coordination with all major powers and the peripheral countries. It should study seriously the theories and practices of crisis public diplomacy, consolidate fundamental strategic capabilities, and enhance its ability to execute relevant programs.

Promoting China’s Industrial Upgrading by Expanding the Opening-Up of Service Industry:Intrinsic Logic and Realization Approach

Tertiarization and service globalization are becoming an irreversible trend,which is highlighted in the following aspects:the value added of service industry is contributing more and more to the GDP of major economies,service industry is becoming the main channel to absorb social employment,and the service trade has become the most active mode of international trade.In building the export-oriented economic development strategy,expanding the opening-up of service industry not only is essential to the high-quality development of service industry,but also can realize the transformation and upgrading of China’s economy by improving the resource allocation efficiency of manufacturing industry through the integration of industry development.It is a huge systematic project to promote the industrial upgrading by expanding the opening-up of service industry,which requires comprehensive measures:continuously optimizing the institutional environment for the development and opening-up of service industry,taking the development of productive service industry and two-way opening-up as the priority,promoting the international competitiveness of service trade by“entering WTO for the second time”,recognizing the role of“digital plus”in the service opening-up and industrial upgrading;building a financial system to meet the needs of an open economy.