IoT-Enabled Plant Monitoring System with Power Optimization and Secure Authentication

Global food security is a pressing issue that affects the stability and well-being of communities worldwide.While existing Internet of Things(IoT)enabled plant monitoring systems have made significant strides in agricultural monitoring,they often face limitations such as high power consumption,restricted mobility,complex deployment requirements,and inadequate security measures for data access.This paper introduces an enhanced IoT application for agricultural monitoring systems that address these critical shortcomings.Our system strategically combines power efficiency,portability,and secure access capabilities,assisting farmers in monitoring and tracking crop environmental conditions.The proposed system includes a remote camera that captures images of surrounding plants and a sensor module that regularly monitors various environmental factors,including temperature,humidity,and soil moisture.We implement power management strategies to minimize energy consumption compared to existing solutions.Unlike conventional systems,our implementation utilizes the Amazon Web Services(AWS)cloud platform for reliable data storage and processing while incorporating comprehensive security measures,including Two-Factor Authentication(2FA)and JSON Web Tokens(JWT),features often overlooked in current agricultural IoT solutions.Users can access this secure monitoring system via a developed Android application,providing convenient mobile access to the gathered plant data.We validate our system’s advantages by implementing it with two potted garlic plants on Okayama University’s rooftop.Our evaluation demonstrates high sensor reliabil-ity,with strong correlations between sensor readings and reference data,achieving determination coefficients(R2)of 0.979 for temperature and 0.750 for humidity measurements.The implemented power management strategies extend battery life to 10 days on a single charge,significantly outperforming existing systems that typically require daily recharging.Furthermore,our dual-layer security implementation utilizing 2FA and JWT successfully protects sensitive agricultural data from unauthorized access.

Thermal Performance and Emission Analysis of a New Model Cylindrical Cook Stove with Controlled Air Flow

We present in this paper the results of experimental and numerical study of the thermal performances of a cook stove prototype intended for the parboiling of paddy rice. Thus, the experimental results show that the optimal mass of husk rice is M = 7.15 kg for a good combustion within the combustion chamber and got a maximum temperature at the level of the burners surface. This temperature is Tcu1=304.78°C. The circulating air flow rate by forced convection is Qm = 0.09112 m-3·s-1. The vertical side walls temperature is Tple = 140.6°C and the water temperature and vapor is about 144.6°C in the stockpot. The gas combustion is composed of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen (H2/N2). The results from the numerical modeling indicate Tcu1=307.8°C, Tple = 144.55°C and a Qm = 0.09258 m-3.s-1. The average thermal efficiency of the cookstove is η = 46.6% and the power developed by the cookstove is about ≈6 kW. Despite the heat losses, the cookstove remains interesting for paddy rice parboiling activities.