Pesticides Recovery and Detection from Agricultural Soil Leachates Using Gas Chromatography Masses with Electron Capture Detector

In this study, it is reported an analytical approach to recover organochlorine pesticides from a clay soil. Soil was physical and chemically characterized. Also pesticides extraction was carried out using packed columns and various aqueous media (H2O-milliQ, NaOH, HCl, SDS, Triton X-114, Humic acids and Acetonitrile). The leachate samples were analyzed on an Agilent Technologies 6890N Gas Chromatograph with electron capture in a# AB002 Column 30.0 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm calibrated, 25 psi pressure, flow 2.9 ml/min, temperature 25°C, ultra-high purity Helium as the entrainment gas and an elution time of 50 min. The results show that the highest extraction percentage of pollutants in the soil washing was obtained with acetonitrile recovering: p, p’-DDT (91.0%);p, p’-DDE (92.0%);p, p’-DDD (96.0%);aldrin (98.6%);dieldrin (98.0%). With Triton X-114, the extractions recovery was: p, p’-DDT (63.0%);p, p’-DDE (64.0%);p, p’-DDD (65.0%);aldrin (67.0%);dieldrin (72.0%). This study illustrates the potential Applicability of SPME for routine analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soils.

Training of health personnel to improve knowledge and skills in taking Pap: Effect of an educational intervention to prevent cervical cancer

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve knowledge and skills in taking Pap smear conducted by health staff implementing the program on Early Detection of Cervical Cancer. Methods: A quasiexperimental, longitudinal and prospective study, held from October 25 2010 to April 11, 2011 at a hospital in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. To select groups applied a non-probabilistic convenience sampling that was composed of 28 people, 15 for the study group and 13 to the control group. The study group received training that was divided into three phases in which assessed the knowledge and skills taking the smear, the control group received conventional training offered by your workplace. Papanicolaou quality was measured before and after the intervention. The reference used international classification system Bethesda 2001. For data analysis we used the Student t test. Results: The study group increased knowledge (t = 8.768, p = 0.000) in the management of official standards, in the anatomy of the lower female genital tract and in the form of testing. Technical skills (t = 8.639, p = 0.000) also increased in the study group after the intervention. The control group showed no significant changes. The quality report of the samples in the study group increased from 60% to 86.7% and in the control group decreased from 92.3% to 84.6%. Conclusions: The training is effective in improving the knowledge and skills in taking Pap. Health staff who received the training improved their performance and showed more interest in providing high quality service to women.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Horses of Central Mexico

Equines are affected by a large number of endoparasites, these can cause gastrointestinal signs, respiratory, poor performance, slow growth and even cause sudden death. The presence of parasites can be associated with various factors related to the animal and environmental or geographical factors. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection and risk factors in horses were evaluated. Stool samples belonging to 218 horses from different regions of central Mexico were analyzed by coproparasitological concentration-flotation technique. The fecal examinations were carried out from February to August in 2017. Among the 218 samples that were examined, 103 (47.24%) were found to be positive with several gastrointestinal parasites, with Strongylus spp. being the most prevalent (23.85%) followed by Trichostrongylus spp. (21.56%) and Parascaris spp. (11.93%). Breed and place of origin were significantly associated with helminth infection. Sex was associated as a significant risk factor (p < 0.01) with the infection by Strongylus spp. on females and by Anoplocephala, on males. In central Mexico, gastrointestinal helminth infection appears to be relatively low.

Obesity is associated with the Arg389Gly ADRB1 but not with the Trp64Arg ADRB3 polymorphism in children from San Luis Potosí and León,México

This research was designed to analyze the possible associations of Arg389 Gly ADRB1 and Trp64 Arg ADRB3polymorphisms in children with obesity.A cross-sectional study included 1,046 school-age Mexican participants（6-12 years old） from the cities of San Luis Potosi and Leon.Children were classified as non-obese or obese according to their body mass index（BMI） percentile;obese children had a BMI≥95th percentile for sex and age.Biochemical data were collected.Polymorphisms were detected using TaqMan qPCR assay.A logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk of obesity based on genotypes.Differences were found between groups where obese children had a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,insulin,HOMAIR,LDL-cholesterol,triglycerides,and lower HDL-cholesterol compared with the normal weight group（P 〈 0.05）.The distribution of allele frequency in the population was Arg = 87.4 and Gly = 12.6（Hardy Weinberg equilibrium x^2= 3.16,P = 0.07）;Trp = 81.5 and Arg= 18.5（Hardy Weinberg equilibrium x^2 = 2.2,P = 0.14） for ADRB1 and ADRB3,respectively.Even though no different frequencies of Arg389 Gly polymoiphism between groups were found（P = 0.08）,children carriers of one Gly389,ADRB1 allele had a risk for obesity of OR = 1.40（95%CI,1.03-1.90,P =0.03） after adjustment for age and gender.No other association was found for Trp64 Arg ADRB3 polymorphism.Only the Arg389 Gly ADRB1 polymorphism was associated with risk for obesity in Mexican children.