Tauopathy,characterized by the hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau,and the accumulation of Aβ oligomers,constitute the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disea...Tauopathy,characterized by the hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau,and the accumulation of Aβ oligomers,constitute the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.However,the relationship and causal roles of these two pathological changes in neurodegeneration remain to be defined,even though they occur together or independently in several neurodegenerative diseases associated with cognitive and movement impairment.展开更多
Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase(CH25 H)and its enzymatic product 25-hydroxy cholesterol(25 HC)exert broadly antiviral activity including inhibiting HIV-1 infection.However,their antiviral immunity and therapeutic efficacy ...Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase(CH25 H)and its enzymatic product 25-hydroxy cholesterol(25 HC)exert broadly antiviral activity including inhibiting HIV-1 infection.However,their antiviral immunity and therapeutic efficacy in a nonhuman primate model are unknown.Here,we report that the regimen of 25 HC combined with antiretroviral therapy(ART),provides profound immunological modulation towards inhibiting viral replication in chronically SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques(RMs).Compared to the ART alone,this regimen more effectively controlled SIV replication,enhanced SIVspecific cellular immune responses,restored the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells,reversed the hyperactivation state of CD4^(+)T cells,and inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by CD4^(^(+))and CD8^(+)T lymphocytes in chronically SIVinfected RMs.Furthermore,the in vivo safety and the preliminary pharmacokinetics of the 25 HC compound were assessed in this RM model.Taken together,these assessments help explain the profound relationship between cholesterol metabolism,immune modulation,and antiviral activities by 25 HC.These results provide insight for developing novel therapeutic drug candidates against HIV-1 infection and other related diseases.展开更多
As a member of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE)enzyme family,PDE10A is in charge of the degradation of cyclic adenosine(cAMP)and guanosine monophosphates(cGMP).While PDE10A is primarily expressed in the medium...As a member of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE)enzyme family,PDE10A is in charge of the degradation of cyclic adenosine(cAMP)and guanosine monophosphates(cGMP).While PDE10A is primarily expressed in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum,it has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders.Indeed,inhibition of PDE10A has proven to be of potential use for the treatment of central nervous system(CNS)pathologies caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia–of which the striatum constitutes the largest component.A PDE10A-targeted positron emission tomography(PET)radioligand would enable a better assessment of the pathophysiologic role of PDE10A,as well as confirm the relationship between target occupancy and administrated dose of a given drug candidate,thus accelerating the development of effective PDE10A inhibitors.In this study,we designed and synthesized a novel ^(18)F-aryl PDE10A PET radioligand,codenamed[^(18)F]P10A-1910([^(18)F]9),in high radiochemical yield and molar activity via spirocyclic iodonium ylide-mediated radiofluorination.[^(18)F]9 possessed good in vitro binding affinity(IC_(50)=2.1 nmol/L)and selectivity towards PDE10A.Further,[^(18)F]9 exhibited reasonable lipophilicity(logD=3.50)and brain permeability(P_(app)>10×10^(−6) cm/s in MDCK-MDR1 cells).PET imaging studies of[^(18)F]9 revealed high striatal uptake and excellent in vivo specificity with reversible tracer kinetics.Preclinical studies in rodents revealed an improved plasma and brain stability of[^(18)F]9 when compared to the current reference standard for PDE10A-targeted PET,[^(18)F]MNI659.Further,dose–response experiments with a series of escalating doses of PDE10A inhibitor 1 in rhesus monkey brains confirmed the utility of[^(18)F]9 for evaluating target occupancy in vivo in higher species.In conclusion,our results indicated that[^(18)F]9 is a promising PDE10A PET radioligand for clinical translation.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science(202007030008,202007030003)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170981,81830032,31872779,81922026,82071421,82171244)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0805300,2021YFA0805200)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2021ZT09Y007,2020B121201006)Key Field Research and Development Program of Guangdong province(2018B030337001).
文摘Tauopathy,characterized by the hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau,and the accumulation of Aβ oligomers,constitute the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.However,the relationship and causal roles of these two pathological changes in neurodegeneration remain to be defined,even though they occur together or independently in several neurodegenerative diseases associated with cognitive and movement impairment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971927,31870912,32000124)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2018ZX10731101-002)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0900803)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen City(20190804095916056,JCYJ20200109142601702)the High Level Project of Medicine in Longhua,Shenzhen(HLPM201907020105)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M663140)the Municipal Health and Medical cooperation innovation Major Project of Guangzhou City(201704020219,201803040002)。
文摘Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase(CH25 H)and its enzymatic product 25-hydroxy cholesterol(25 HC)exert broadly antiviral activity including inhibiting HIV-1 infection.However,their antiviral immunity and therapeutic efficacy in a nonhuman primate model are unknown.Here,we report that the regimen of 25 HC combined with antiretroviral therapy(ART),provides profound immunological modulation towards inhibiting viral replication in chronically SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques(RMs).Compared to the ART alone,this regimen more effectively controlled SIV replication,enhanced SIVspecific cellular immune responses,restored the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells,reversed the hyperactivation state of CD4^(+)T cells,and inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by CD4^(^(+))and CD8^(+)T lymphocytes in chronically SIVinfected RMs.Furthermore,the in vivo safety and the preliminary pharmacokinetics of the 25 HC compound were assessed in this RM model.Taken together,these assessments help explain the profound relationship between cholesterol metabolism,immune modulation,and antiviral activities by 25 HC.These results provide insight for developing novel therapeutic drug candidates against HIV-1 infection and other related diseases.
基金the support of K.C.Wong Education Foundation (China)financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82071974)+3 种基金Shenzhen Basic Research Project (JCYJ20180503182116931, China)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515011192, 2018A0303130052, China)Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science (202007030008, China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21619104, 21621051, China)
文摘As a member of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE)enzyme family,PDE10A is in charge of the degradation of cyclic adenosine(cAMP)and guanosine monophosphates(cGMP).While PDE10A is primarily expressed in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum,it has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders.Indeed,inhibition of PDE10A has proven to be of potential use for the treatment of central nervous system(CNS)pathologies caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia–of which the striatum constitutes the largest component.A PDE10A-targeted positron emission tomography(PET)radioligand would enable a better assessment of the pathophysiologic role of PDE10A,as well as confirm the relationship between target occupancy and administrated dose of a given drug candidate,thus accelerating the development of effective PDE10A inhibitors.In this study,we designed and synthesized a novel ^(18)F-aryl PDE10A PET radioligand,codenamed[^(18)F]P10A-1910([^(18)F]9),in high radiochemical yield and molar activity via spirocyclic iodonium ylide-mediated radiofluorination.[^(18)F]9 possessed good in vitro binding affinity(IC_(50)=2.1 nmol/L)and selectivity towards PDE10A.Further,[^(18)F]9 exhibited reasonable lipophilicity(logD=3.50)and brain permeability(P_(app)>10×10^(−6) cm/s in MDCK-MDR1 cells).PET imaging studies of[^(18)F]9 revealed high striatal uptake and excellent in vivo specificity with reversible tracer kinetics.Preclinical studies in rodents revealed an improved plasma and brain stability of[^(18)F]9 when compared to the current reference standard for PDE10A-targeted PET,[^(18)F]MNI659.Further,dose–response experiments with a series of escalating doses of PDE10A inhibitor 1 in rhesus monkey brains confirmed the utility of[^(18)F]9 for evaluating target occupancy in vivo in higher species.In conclusion,our results indicated that[^(18)F]9 is a promising PDE10A PET radioligand for clinical translation.