Occurrence of Diaphorina citri in Guangxi and Integrated Control Technique

In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of citrus industry in Guangxi and reduce the harm of Diaphorina citri and citrus Huanglongbing on citrus industry,the paper summarizes the occurrence of D.citri in Guangxi,and put forward comprehensive control technique,so as to provide the reference for guiding prevention and control of major pests in citrus industry.

Research Progress on the Innate Immunity of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and the Regulation Mechanism of Parasitic Wasp Venom Protein

[Objectives]The use of natural enemies of living insects and their derivatives can effectively avoid the problems of pesticide residues,pest resistance,biodiversity decline,control effect weakening and so on.[Methods]Parasites inject various parasitic factors into hosts to inhibit the development of hosts,adjust the immunity of hosts,interfere with the growth and development of hosts,and reduce the nutrition metabolism of hosts,so as to ensure the growth and development of the offspring.Host pests can escape or conquer the parasitism of parasitic wasps through immune defense system in order to reproduce their own offspring.[Results]Under intense and strong selection pressure,in order to effectively ensure the success rate of parasitism,the adaptive diversity of parasitism strategies of parasitic wasps is finally caused.In the process of evolution and under the pressure of directional selection,the innate immunity and acquired immunity gradually evolve.[Conclusions]In-depth research on parasitic factors of parasitic wasps and their interaction with crop pests immunity and development can not only improve theoretical understanding of insect immunity and development biology,pest biological control and other disciplines,but also be expected to enable the application of some components of parasitic factors to agriculture,medicine and pharmacy.Bactrocera dorsalis is a destructive fruit and vegetable pest.This paper summarized the venom protein of B.dorsalis parasitoids and the immune interaction with hosts,in order to provide theoretical basis for biological control of plant pests by using parasitic natural enemies.

Morphological,Molecular and Pathogenicity of Alternaria gaisen Associated with Leaf Brown-Spot on‘Gonggan’Mandarin in China

[Objective]This paper was to identify the pathogen of leaf brown-spot on‘gonggan’mandarin(Citrus reticulate var.gonggan)in Zhaoqing,Guangdong Province.[Method]The pathogen was determined based on sequence analysis of ITS,endoPG,tef1,gapdh,Alt a1,rpb2 and opa10-2 genes;the morphological characteristics were recorded on PDA and PCA;and its pathogenicity on excised and intact host leaves of citrus‘gonggan’was tested.[Result]A detailed description of Alternaria gaisen was obtained based on morphological,molecular and pathogenic characterization,which was the causal agent of brown-spot disease on leaves of‘gonggan’mandarin orchard trees in Zhaoqing,Guangdong,China.[Conclusion]This study provides a scientific basis for the effective control of leaf brown-spot on‘gonggan’mandarin.

Transcriptome profile analysis of the accompanying migratory parasitic wasp Aenasius bambawalei(=Aenasius arizonensis girault)(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae):Genes related to fertilization involved at different stage of ovary development

Age-related declines in fertilization success have been reported for a wide range of species.The fertilization of parasitic wasps is closely related to egg production and sperm storage.Aenasius bambawalei(Hymenoptera:Encyridae)is a key parasitic wasp of the important invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae).The female offspring ratio of this parasitic wasp was declined with parental age in mass rearing under laboratory conditions.To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the reproduction of A.bambawalei,an extensive analysis of the impact of age on transcriptome profile of mated ovaries of this wasp was performed by comparing the gene expression profiles of various maternal ages:the early stage(ES),the intermediate stage(IS),and the advanced stage(AS).In total,358 differentially expressed genes were identified,with 17.60%(63 genes)of the changes associated with greater expression in fertilization.Moreover,the expression of serine protease 47 precursor,serine protease inhibitor 3/4,glucose dehydrogenase,fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1-like,major royal jelly,and acyl-CoA delta(11)desaturase-like was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative(RT-qPCR).The results showed that fertilization related genes exhibited a stage-specific pattern.Egg production and sperm storage genes in A.bambawalei were significantly modified in the transcriptome,providing a starting point for the genetic dissection of fertilization.

Co-CRISPR: A valuable toolkit for mutation enrichment in the gene editing of Spodoptera frugiperda

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully applied in dozens of diverse species;although the screening of successful CRISPR/Cas9 editing events remains particularly laborious,especially for those that occur at relatively low frequency.Recently,a co-CRISPR strategy was proved to enrich the desired CRISPR events.Here,the co-CRISPR strategy was developed in the Fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,with kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene(kmo)as a marker.The kmo mosaics induced by single-guide RNAs(sgRNAs)/Cas9 displayed the darker green color phenotype in larvae,compared with wild type(brown),and mosaic-eye adults were significantly acquired from the mosaic larvae group.In the kmo knockout strain,no significant difference was observed in larval development and adult reproduction.Acetylcholinesterase 2(ace2)and Wntl were selected as target genes to construct the co-CRISPR strategy using kmo marker.By coinjection of kmo and ace2 sgRNAs,the mutant efficiency of ace2 was significantly increased in the kmo mosaic(larvae or adults)groups.Similarly,more malformed pupae with Wntl mutations were observed in the darker green larvae group.Taken together,these results demonstrated that kmo was a suitable visible marker gene for the application and extension of co-CRISPR strategy in Fall armyworm.Using darker green color in larvae or mosaic-eye in adults from kmo knockout as a marker,the mutant efficiency of a target gene could be enriched in a Fall armyworm group consisting of marked individuals.The co-CRISPR strategy is helpful for gene function studies by the knockout technique with no or lethal phenotypes.