Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Networking(DTN) originated from research on Interplanetary Internet and still today space applications are the most important application field and research stimulus. This paper investigates ...Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Networking(DTN) originated from research on Interplanetary Internet and still today space applications are the most important application field and research stimulus. This paper investigates DTN communications between the Earth and the far side of the Moon, by means of a lunar orbiter acting as relay. After an introductory part, the paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the DTN performance that can be achieved on the identified communication scenario. The focus is on the evaluation of the stateof-the-art ability of Interplanetary Overlay Network(ION), the NASA DTN implementation of Bundle Protocol(BP) and Contact Graph Routing(CGR), to meet the many challenges of the space communication scenario investigated(and more generally of a future interplaynetary Internet): intermittent links, network partitioning, scarce bandwidth, long delays, dynamic routing, handling of high priority and emergency traffic, interoperability issues. A study of security threats and Bundle Security Protocol(BSP) countermeasures complete the work.The many results provided, confirm the essential role of DTN in future space communications.展开更多
The concept of reserve appears in the neurological literature in the 1940s arising from the observation that there is no linear relationship between neurological damage and severity of the clinical symptoms.Basically,...The concept of reserve appears in the neurological literature in the 1940s arising from the observation that there is no linear relationship between neurological damage and severity of the clinical symptoms.Basically,this concept sustains that the experiences pursued during life-span enrich the brain by making it more resilient to neuronal damage.However,in the last three decades the reserve concept has become very popular in the scientific field,mainly associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)(Serra et al.,2018;Stern et al.,2018).展开更多
Matter of interest is the disclosure on intellectual capital(IC)in the era of global“knowledge economy”or global“knowledge society”.The aim of the paper is to verify the level of disclosure that Italian companies ...Matter of interest is the disclosure on intellectual capital(IC)in the era of global“knowledge economy”or global“knowledge society”.The aim of the paper is to verify the level of disclosure that Italian companies have on the components and on the relevance of their IC.Using the“content analysis”and a specific method already tested in managerial literature,we propose a report that measures the intellectual capital with the adoption of 21 functional indicators,which consider specific aspects of intangible assets of a firm.Applying the content analysis to financial statements of 56 companies included in five super-sector stock indexes of Italian equity market,we find that the level of overall disclosure is,on average,moderate but increasing.Observing a disclosure index based on the specific components of intellectual capital considered in this research,all the aspects of IC have benefited,on average,of an improvement in the level of external communication.This paper represents an improvement of a paper presented at the Symorg Conference regarding the empirical analysis.At the same time,it is just the first step of a wider research that aims to verify the relationships existing between IC,firm performances,and market capitalization.展开更多
The concept of neural plasticity accounts for the now well clarified brain ability to react to internal and external stimuli by transforming its structure and function.The translation of whatever experience in specifi...The concept of neural plasticity accounts for the now well clarified brain ability to react to internal and external stimuli by transforming its structure and function.The translation of whatever experience in specific electrical signals that run through our neural networks induces a number of plastic changes at both functional and structural levels.展开更多
To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility,two main paths can be considered:the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels,replacing fossil fuels,in internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicles.This paper proposes...To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility,two main paths can be considered:the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels,replacing fossil fuels,in internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicles.This paper proposes an analysis of different possible scenarios for automobiles towards a CO_(2)-neutral energy system,in the path of the use of biofuels and the production,distribution and use of biomethane.The study,an update of work presented previously,focuses on different scenarios that take into account numerous parameters that affect the overall efficiency of the production-and-use process.A Well-to-Wheel analysis is used to estimate the primary energy savings and reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions compared both to the use of fossil-based methane and to other fuels and automotive technologies.In particular,the study shows that the Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption(NRPEC)for biomethane is slightly higher(+9%)than that of biodiesel,but significantly lower than those of all the other power trains analysed:-69%compared to the battery electric vehicle(BEV)and-55%compared to bioethanol.Compared to the use of fossil natural gas,the NRPEC is reduced to just over a third(2.81).With regard to CO_(2) emissions,biomethane has the lowest values:-69%compared to BEV,-176%compared to bioethanol and-124%with respect to biodiesel.Compared to the use of fossil natural gas,the CO_(2) emissions are reduced over a third(3.55).Moreover,the paper shows that biomethane can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles in Italy,proposing two different hypotheses:maximum production and minimum production.It is evident,therefore,that biomethane production can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles:this means that the use of biomethane in the car can lead to a reduction in NRPEC equal to 28.9×10^(6) GJ/year and a reduction of CO_(2) emissions equal to 1.9×10^(6) t/year.展开更多
文摘Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Networking(DTN) originated from research on Interplanetary Internet and still today space applications are the most important application field and research stimulus. This paper investigates DTN communications between the Earth and the far side of the Moon, by means of a lunar orbiter acting as relay. After an introductory part, the paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the DTN performance that can be achieved on the identified communication scenario. The focus is on the evaluation of the stateof-the-art ability of Interplanetary Overlay Network(ION), the NASA DTN implementation of Bundle Protocol(BP) and Contact Graph Routing(CGR), to meet the many challenges of the space communication scenario investigated(and more generally of a future interplaynetary Internet): intermittent links, network partitioning, scarce bandwidth, long delays, dynamic routing, handling of high priority and emergency traffic, interoperability issues. A study of security threats and Bundle Security Protocol(BSP) countermeasures complete the work.The many results provided, confirm the essential role of DTN in future space communications.
文摘The concept of reserve appears in the neurological literature in the 1940s arising from the observation that there is no linear relationship between neurological damage and severity of the clinical symptoms.Basically,this concept sustains that the experiences pursued during life-span enrich the brain by making it more resilient to neuronal damage.However,in the last three decades the reserve concept has become very popular in the scientific field,mainly associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)(Serra et al.,2018;Stern et al.,2018).
文摘Matter of interest is the disclosure on intellectual capital(IC)in the era of global“knowledge economy”or global“knowledge society”.The aim of the paper is to verify the level of disclosure that Italian companies have on the components and on the relevance of their IC.Using the“content analysis”and a specific method already tested in managerial literature,we propose a report that measures the intellectual capital with the adoption of 21 functional indicators,which consider specific aspects of intangible assets of a firm.Applying the content analysis to financial statements of 56 companies included in five super-sector stock indexes of Italian equity market,we find that the level of overall disclosure is,on average,moderate but increasing.Observing a disclosure index based on the specific components of intellectual capital considered in this research,all the aspects of IC have benefited,on average,of an improvement in the level of external communication.This paper represents an improvement of a paper presented at the Symorg Conference regarding the empirical analysis.At the same time,it is just the first step of a wider research that aims to verify the relationships existing between IC,firm performances,and market capitalization.
文摘The concept of neural plasticity accounts for the now well clarified brain ability to react to internal and external stimuli by transforming its structure and function.The translation of whatever experience in specific electrical signals that run through our neural networks induces a number of plastic changes at both functional and structural levels.
文摘To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility,two main paths can be considered:the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels,replacing fossil fuels,in internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicles.This paper proposes an analysis of different possible scenarios for automobiles towards a CO_(2)-neutral energy system,in the path of the use of biofuels and the production,distribution and use of biomethane.The study,an update of work presented previously,focuses on different scenarios that take into account numerous parameters that affect the overall efficiency of the production-and-use process.A Well-to-Wheel analysis is used to estimate the primary energy savings and reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions compared both to the use of fossil-based methane and to other fuels and automotive technologies.In particular,the study shows that the Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption(NRPEC)for biomethane is slightly higher(+9%)than that of biodiesel,but significantly lower than those of all the other power trains analysed:-69%compared to the battery electric vehicle(BEV)and-55%compared to bioethanol.Compared to the use of fossil natural gas,the NRPEC is reduced to just over a third(2.81).With regard to CO_(2) emissions,biomethane has the lowest values:-69%compared to BEV,-176%compared to bioethanol and-124%with respect to biodiesel.Compared to the use of fossil natural gas,the CO_(2) emissions are reduced over a third(3.55).Moreover,the paper shows that biomethane can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles in Italy,proposing two different hypotheses:maximum production and minimum production.It is evident,therefore,that biomethane production can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles:this means that the use of biomethane in the car can lead to a reduction in NRPEC equal to 28.9×10^(6) GJ/year and a reduction of CO_(2) emissions equal to 1.9×10^(6) t/year.
