Stachybotrys(asexual Hypocreales)has a worldwide distribution.This genus inhabits substrates rich in cellulose and is closely related to Memnoniella.Classification of species has previously been based on morphology,wi...Stachybotrys(asexual Hypocreales)has a worldwide distribution.This genus inhabits substrates rich in cellulose and is closely related to Memnoniella.Classification of species has previously been based on morphology,with conidial characters being considered as important.This study reevaluates Stachybotrys and Memnoniella,which is shown to include at least seven species-groups;while Memnoniella is a synonym of Stachybotrys.The sexual genera Ornatispora and Melanopsamma are also synonyms of Stachybotrys.With the exception of Stachybotrys subsimplex,species formed a wellsupported monophyletic group in LSU data analysis belonging to Stachybotriaceae.Seventy-four accepted Stachybotrys species are discussed,while eight species are considered to belong to other genera or are doubtful in this paper and a key to these species provided.Twelve new combinations and 1 nomina nova is proposed.The status of Stachybotrys species on health,as human or animal pathogens,in indoor environments,and use as biocontrol agents and compound discovery are also discussed.展开更多
t Coelomycetous fungi are an artificial taxonomic group which produce conidia inside a cavity i.e.conidiomata.Coelomycetes comprise about,1000 genera and 7000 species,which can be endophytic,pathogenic or saprobic.Tra...t Coelomycetous fungi are an artificial taxonomic group which produce conidia inside a cavity i.e.conidiomata.Coelomycetes comprise about,1000 genera and 7000 species,which can be endophytic,pathogenic or saprobic.Traditional classification of coelomycetes was previously based on morphology,such as the shape of conidiomata and mode of conidiogenesis,while it was treated as a distinct group i.e.Deuteromycotina.Sequence based taxonomic studies has been used to accommodate asexual fungi in a natural classification system,resolve generic boundaries of polyphyletic genera and species complexes,as well as establish asexual-sexual links.Nevertheless,most of genera lack sequence data,thus,morphology based identification is still important when introducing new genera or species.In this paper we illustrate,describe,and provide taxonomic notes for 235 dematiaceous coelomycetous genera,including five new genera viz.Apiculospora,Didymellocamarosporium,Melanocamarosporium,Melnikia and Paulkirkia.Phylogenetic analyses of combined sequence data are provided to show placements of dematiaceous coelomycetes in Dothideomycetes,Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes.One-hundred and fifty-two(65%)of genera have sequence data,thus,their taxonomic placement in a natural classification system,is listed as an outline.However,83 genera still lack sequence data,hence,they are treated as Ascomycota,genera incertae sedis.In addition,separate analyses are provided where better taxonomic resolution is needed.展开更多
基金Authors are appreciative to Dr.John Haines for allowing us access to type specimen of Stachybotrys elongata.The authors are also very grateful to Drs.Walter Gams,Rafael F.Castañeda Ruíz,Hongxin Mao,Weidong Wu,and Ariunaa Jalsrai for their assistance in finding literatures,especially the ones in Japan,Russia,and Ukraine.Without their assistance some references would not be available to us.This project was supported by the International Scientific Cooperated Project of Guizhou Province(No[2013]7004).
文摘Stachybotrys(asexual Hypocreales)has a worldwide distribution.This genus inhabits substrates rich in cellulose and is closely related to Memnoniella.Classification of species has previously been based on morphology,with conidial characters being considered as important.This study reevaluates Stachybotrys and Memnoniella,which is shown to include at least seven species-groups;while Memnoniella is a synonym of Stachybotrys.The sexual genera Ornatispora and Melanopsamma are also synonyms of Stachybotrys.With the exception of Stachybotrys subsimplex,species formed a wellsupported monophyletic group in LSU data analysis belonging to Stachybotriaceae.Seventy-four accepted Stachybotrys species are discussed,while eight species are considered to belong to other genera or are doubtful in this paper and a key to these species provided.Twelve new combinations and 1 nomina nova is proposed.The status of Stachybotrys species on health,as human or animal pathogens,in indoor environments,and use as biocontrol agents and compound discovery are also discussed.
基金the International Highly Cited Research Group(IHCRRGP#14-205)Nalin N.Wijayawardene would like to thank P.M.Kirk,V.A.Mel’nik,Buddhika Dilhan,Dmitrii Shabunin,Manjari Dissanayake and Lesley Ragab for being helpful to gather old literature.Kevin D.Hyde is grateful to the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030+6 种基金for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany,research grant from the Biodiversity Research and Training Program(BRT R253012)The Thailand Research Fund(BRG 5280002).Alan J.L.Phillips thanks Mae Fah Luang University for a Visiting Professorship during the tenure of which this paper was finalised.Yong Wang would like to thank The International Scientific Cooperated Project of Guizhou Province(No[2013]7004).Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551).Erio Camporesi is grateful to Giancarlo Lombardi,Sergio Montanari and Gigi Stagioni for their help in identifying host plants of fresh collections.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,25440199 and 26291084)Hirosaki University Grant for Exploratory Research by Young Scientists and Newly-appointed Scientists for financial support.Yong Wang thanks Yong-Cheng Long,Prof.De-Gang Zhao and Prof.Zhuo Chen for their help in sequencing and suggestions in molecular experiments.We would like to thank MFU grant No.56101020032 for funding to study the taxonomy and phylogeny of Dothideomycetes.The authors also wish to acknowledge Saranyaphat Boonmee,Chayanard Phukhamsakda and Qing Tian.Ishani D.Goonasekara wishes to acknowledge Liu Ende,Assistant Curator,Herbarium,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KUN),Kunming,China,Wu HaiXia and staff of International Fungal Research and Development Centre(IFRD),Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Cultivation&Utilization State Forestry Administration,The Research Institute of Resource Insects,Chinese Academy of Forestry Kunming 650224,PR China and Danushka S.Tennakoon for their assistance with herbarium material.
文摘t Coelomycetous fungi are an artificial taxonomic group which produce conidia inside a cavity i.e.conidiomata.Coelomycetes comprise about,1000 genera and 7000 species,which can be endophytic,pathogenic or saprobic.Traditional classification of coelomycetes was previously based on morphology,such as the shape of conidiomata and mode of conidiogenesis,while it was treated as a distinct group i.e.Deuteromycotina.Sequence based taxonomic studies has been used to accommodate asexual fungi in a natural classification system,resolve generic boundaries of polyphyletic genera and species complexes,as well as establish asexual-sexual links.Nevertheless,most of genera lack sequence data,thus,morphology based identification is still important when introducing new genera or species.In this paper we illustrate,describe,and provide taxonomic notes for 235 dematiaceous coelomycetous genera,including five new genera viz.Apiculospora,Didymellocamarosporium,Melanocamarosporium,Melnikia and Paulkirkia.Phylogenetic analyses of combined sequence data are provided to show placements of dematiaceous coelomycetes in Dothideomycetes,Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes.One-hundred and fifty-two(65%)of genera have sequence data,thus,their taxonomic placement in a natural classification system,is listed as an outline.However,83 genera still lack sequence data,hence,they are treated as Ascomycota,genera incertae sedis.In addition,separate analyses are provided where better taxonomic resolution is needed.
