Synthesis of size-controllable Fe3O4 magnetic submicroparticles and its biocompatible evaluation in vitro

Large scaled uniform and size-controllable magnetic submicroparticles(MSPs) were synthesized via solvothermal method with ferric chloride as iron source and sodium acetate as trapping agent. The influence of Fe^(3+) and Na Ac contents on the size distribution of MSPs was investigated. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized particles were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray power diffraction(XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM). The well-dispersed MSPs with size of 100-1000 nm were obtained by simply adjusting the contents of Fe^(3+) and NaA c. In addition, the hemolysis and cytotoxicity of Fe_3O_4 MSPs, and their ability to case arrest in cell life-cycles were studied. The results indicate that larger size could lead to lower hemolysis. From MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthuazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, the interactions between MSPs and adhesive mouse fibroblast cell line(L929) were probed. Larger size of Fe_3O_4 MSPs demonstrates lower cell viability following an exposure to the cells.

Orbital Trauma with a Large Plant Foreign Body:a Case Report

We report a case of a large plant foreign body in the orbit. A 30-year-old male presented to our hospital 6 h after a penetrating orbital injury in his left superior eyelid when he skidded from his motorcycle while riding. When the patient reported to us, he already had an inability to open his left eye and a continuous pain in the left orbit. On examination, there was a large plant foreign body penetrating the nasal orbit through the left upper eyelid. Orbital CT revealed a low density linear foreign body measuring 3.6 ×0.5 cm in the left orbit.An emergency operation was performed to remove the foreign body. The patient's visual acuity did not recover satisfactorily due to optic nerve injury.This case highlights the fact that careful surgical removal of foreign bodies is the treatment of choice and that all patients should receive post-operative antibiotic therapy because of the high incidence of secondary orbital infections. The final outcome and prognosis depend greatly upon the composition and location of the foreign body and whether there are serious complications. (Eye Science 2013;.28:44 - 47)

Bioavailability study of nimodipine in rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective:To observe the bioavailability of subcutaneous injection of nimodipine and oral administration of nimodipine in healthy rabbits and rabbits with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and determine whether subcutaneous administration is superior to oral administration and to reach the target serum concentration.Methods: Thirty six adult male New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were divided into 6 groups (n=6) by random number table method, including the oral nimodipine group (5 mg and 15 mg/kg,n=12), the subcutaneous injection of nimodipine group (2.5 mg, 5 mg and 15 mg/kg,n=18), SAH+ subcutaneous injection of nimodipine group (2.5 mg/kg,n=6), plasma concentrations of nimodipine in each group were measured and statistical analysis was performed.Results: (1) Oral administration of 15 mg/kg of nimodipine produced a higher Tmax and increased Cmax, which was also greater than 5 mg/kg. The time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) observed after subcutaneous administration had an opposite trend, with 15 mg/kg resulting in a lower Tmax and a lower AUC tendency than 5 mg/kg. (2) Compared with oral administration, the average concentration of nimodipine in the subcutaneous group was significantly greater than 7 ng/mL (P<0.01), and the plasma concentration of nimodipine remained above 7 ng/mL for significantly longer than oral administration (P<0.01). (3) The Cmax, Tmax and AUC values of nimodipine in healthy NZW rabbits were not significantly different from those measured by subcutaneous injection of 5 and 15 mg/kg (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between healthy NZW rabbits [(12.9±10.0) ng/mL) and SAH [(11.8±4.6) ng/mL] NZW rabbits at the target level of treatment with an average nimodipine concentration of 7 ng/mL measured at 24 h (P>0.05).Conclusion: Subcutaneous administration of nimodipine is superior to oral nimodipine and can maintain the plasma level of nimodipine at 7 ng/mL after 24 h, which can help to study the mechanism of nimodipine in delaying vasospasm after SAH treatment.

Candidiasis Treatment Should Pay Attention to the Immune Changing Patients

The guideline of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) about candidiasis is a key standard for clinical doctors to treat patients, and textbook to teach medical students. However, in the progress of clinical treatment and documents checking, the immune changing patients, who suffered candidiasis, may be mismatched to the clinical treatment guidelines. The opinion could be shown by the literature of gastrointestinal system, and respiratory system, which suffered severely fungal infection mostly, mainly connected with the outside world and inside organ systems of the human body. They could show some patients have been excess treatment, and we should pay attention to the immune changing patients.

Expert consensus on prevention and cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest in COVID-19

Background:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest.During CPR,both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection.The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients.Main recommendations:1)A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs.2)Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended,since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest.3)Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment(PPE).4)Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19.5)Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended.6)Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early.7)CPR should be provided for 20-30 min.8)Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members,ethics,transmission risks,and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control.Changes in management:The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed:1)Healthcare workers should wear PPE.2)Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols.3)Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered.4)Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.

Effect of sub-hypothermia therapy on coagulopathy after severe head injury

Sub-hypothermia therapy is one of the treatments for patients with severe head injury. The objective of the therapy is to treat traumatic brain injury （TBI） by alleviating brain edema, protecting blood brain barrier （BBB）, and preventing subsequent damage to neurons. It can protect brain function by depressing metabolism, reducing the release of excitatory amino acids and free radicals, reducing the level of lactic acid, and lowering the damage of cytoskeletal structure However,

Arterially transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction model： in vivo bioluminescence imaging and effects on renal fibrosis

Background Chronic kidney disease （CDK） is a worldwide health problem, but there is currently no effective treatment that can completely cure this disease. Recently, studies with mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） on treating various renal diseases have shown breakthroughs. This study is to observe the homing features of MSCs transplanted via kidney artery and effects on renal fibrosis in a reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction （R-UUO） model. Methods Thirty-six Balb/c mice were divided into UUO group, UUO-MSC group, and sham group randomly, with 12 mice in each group. The MSCs had been infected by a lentiviral vector to express stably the luciferase reporter gene and green fluorescence protein genes （Luc-GFP-MSC）. Homing of MSCs was tracked using in vivo imaging system （IVIS） 1, 3, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. Imaging results were verified by detecting GFP expression in frozen section under a fluorescence microscope. E-cadherin, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and TNF-α mRNA expression in all groups at 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Results Transplanted Luc-GFP-MSCs showed increased Luciferase expression 3 days after transplantation. The expression decreased from 7 days, weakened thereafter and could not be detected 14 days after transplantation. Quantitative PCR results showed that all gene expressions in UUO group and UUO-MSC group at 1 week had no statistical difference, while at 4 weeks, except TGF-β expression （P〉0.05）, the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, and TNF-α in the above two groups have statistical difference （P〈0.01）. Conclusion IVIS enables fast, noninvasive, and intuitive tracking of MSC homing in vivo. MSCs can be taken home to kidney tissues of the diseased side in R-UUO model, and renal interstitial fibrosis can be improved as well.