Prevalence of and risk factors for postprandial hypotension in older Chinese men

ObjectiveTo 估计流行并且冒险因素因为在旧、很旧的中国 men.MethodsThe 学习之中的饭后的低血压(PPH ) 65 包括了 349 个中国人并且更旧，组织了进二个年龄范畴：组 1 (旧) 65 ～ 80 年包括了 163 个人；组 2 (很旧) 超过 80 年包括了 186 个人。在饭以后的血压变化被估计由监视的回廊血压的每 15 min。在饭摄取以后并且在相对血压变化处于基线条件站起来和变化以后的症状连续地被观察。另外的基线数据包括了身体团索引，病历，和 PPH 的药 use.ResultsThe 流行总的来说是 59.3% 并且比组织 1 在组 2 是显著地更高的(63.4% 对 54.6% ， P &#x0003c；0.05 ) 。在组 2，在早餐(33.8%) 和午餐(32.1%) 以后的 PPH 的流行在晚饭(20.9%) 以后比那高， P &#x0003c；0.05。高血压和年龄是为 PPH 的重要风险因素(或 = 2.188， 95% CI：1.134 &#x02212； 4.223， P = 0.02；或 = 1.86， 95% CI：1.112 &#x02212； 3.11， P = 0.018，分别地) 。相反， acarbose 使用对 PPH 是保护的(或 = 0.4， 95% CI：0.189 &#x02212； 0.847， P = 0.017 ) 。在血压的减少在 PPH 期间是 20 &#x02212； 40 mmHg 和最大值是 90 mmHg。 PPH 通常发生在 30 &#x02212 ；在饭以后的 60 min 并且持续了 30 &#x02212 ； 120 min.ConclusionsThese 调查结果证明在超过 80 年的人的 PPH 的流行比在 65～80 年的人的那些显著地高，并且血压衰落为超过 80 年的人也是更高的。另外，高血压和年龄是为在老人的 PPH 的主要风险因素，它建议那阻止并且对待的 PPH 是值得的。

Abnormal Alterations of Cortical Thickness in 16 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus： A Pilot MRI Study

这研究的目的是调查服的外皮的厚度的目的用一个整个大脑在类型 2 糖尿病 mellitus ( T2DM )变化基于大脑印射系统的外皮的厚度磁性的回声成像( MRI ) .Methods 高度分辨率三维的T1加权的快宠坏的坡度记起的回响先生图象从 16 个病人被获得与 T2DM ，以及从 16 正常控制。外皮的厚度印射的整个大脑被产生，并且每个大脑区域的外皮的厚度用由 Freesurfer 软件的一个自动化标记的系统根据兴趣(ROI ) 的旋转基于的区域是计算的。我们作为 covariates 由协变性的分析在每个大脑区域把吝啬的外皮的厚度与年龄和性别作比较。在整个大脑上的外皮的厚度的地区性的差别被吝啬的外皮的厚度分析显示出的基于表面的外皮的 thickness.Results 的分析比较在有 T2DM 的病人的双边的大脑(左：2.

Impact of main vessel calcification on procedural and clinical outcomes of bifurcation lesion undergoing provisional single-stenting intervention: a multicenter, prospective, observational study

Background Few data on the combined effects of bifurcation and calcification on coronary artery disease(CAD)patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)are available.This study evaluated the impact of main vessel(MV)calcification on the procedural and long-term outcomes in patients with CAD who underwent provisional single stent PCI.Methods This is a multicenter,prospective,observational study.Patients with bifurcation lesions were enrolled at 10 PCI centers in China from January 2015 to December 2017.Intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography was performed in all patients to evaluate the MV calcification.Patients were treated with provisional single stent strategy using drug eluting stents and followed-up at 1 month,6 months and 12 months after discharge by telephone contact or outpatient visit.Repeated coronary imaging was performed within one year.We compared the procedural success rates in MV and in side branch(SB),and target lesion failure(TLF),defined as a composite of cardiac death,non-fatal myocardial infarction,definite or possible stent thrombosis and target lesion revascularization between patients with and without MV calcification.Results A total of 185 subjects were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study.MV calcification was detected in 119(64.3%,calcification group)and not found in 66(35.7%,non-calcification group)patients.The angiographic success rate of MV was 95.8%in the calcification group and 97.0%in the non-calcification group(P=0.91);the angiographic success rate of SB was 32.8%in the calcification group and 53.0%in the non-calcification group(P<0.05).During the one-year follow-up period,TLF occurred in 14(11.8%)patients in the calcification group and in 13(19.7%)in the non-calcification group{P=0.31).Multivariate regression analysis showed the same result(HR=1.23,95%CI:0.76-1.52,P=0.47).Calcification on group had higher recurrent angina than non-calcification group(13.51%vs.17.65%,P<0.05).Conclusions In patients with coronary bifurcation lesion treated with provisional one stent approach,calcification of MV is associated with lower SB procedural success rate,it could increase recurrence of angina;however,it was not associated with an increased risk of TLF.

Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in human neuroblastoma cells

The active ingredient of ginseng,ginsenosides Rg1,has been shown to scavenge free radicals and improve antioxidant capacity.This study hypothesized that ginsenosides Rg1 has a protective role in human neuroblastoma cells injured by H2O2.Ginsenosides Rg1 at different concentrations（50 and 100 μM） was used to treat H2O2（150 μM）-injured SH-SY5 Y cells.Results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 elevated the survival rate of SH-SY5 Y cells injured by H2O2,diminished the amount of leaked lactate dehydrogenase,and increased superoxide dismutase activity.Ginsenoside Rg1 effectively suppressed caspase-3 immunoreactivity,and contributed to heat shock protein 70 gene expression,in a dose-dependent manner.These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 has protective effects on SH-SY5 Y cells injured by H2O2 and that its mechanism of action is associated with anti-oxidation and the inhibition of apoptosis.

Surface-Based Morphometry of Human Brain: Intra-Individual Comparison Between 3T and 7T High Resolution Structural MR Imaging

Objective High resolution structural MR imaging can reveal structural characteristics of cerebral cortex and provide an insight into normal brain development and neuropsychological diseases. The aim of this study was to compare cortical structural characteristics of normal human brain between 3T and 7T MRI systems using surface-based morphometry based on high resolution structural MR imaging.Methods Twelve healthy volunteers were scanned by both 3T with 3D T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo (3D T1-FSPGR) sequence and 7T with 3D T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (3D T1-MPRAGE) sequence. MRI data were processed with FreeSurfer. The cortical thickness,white and gray matter surface area, convexity, and curvature from data of 3T and 7T were measured and compared by paired t-test.Results Measurements of mean cortical thickness, total white matter surface area and gray matter surface area of 3T were larger than those of 7T (left hemisphere: P=0.000, 0.006, 0.020 respectively; right hemisphere: P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively). Surface-based morphometry over the whole brain demonstrated both reduced and increased measurements of cortical thickness, white and gray surface area,convexity, and curvature at 7T compared to 3T.Conclusions Inconsistency of brain structural attribute between 3T and 7T was confirmed, and researchers should be cautious about data when using ultrahigh field MR system to investigate brain structural changes.

Hypoxia training attenuates left ventricular remodeling in rabbit with myocardial infarction

ObjectivePrevious 研究证明组织缺氧 preconditioning 能保护心脏的功能免于随后的心肌的梗塞损害。然而，在在心肌的梗塞以后室的左的组织缺氧的效果仍然是不清楚的。这研究因此试图调查在在兔子柱子的左室的改变上训练的组织缺氧的效果心肌的 infarction.MethodsAdult 男性兔子随机被划分成三个组：那么组织(假冒操作) ，组 MI (心肌的梗塞仅仅) 并且组 MI-HT (加组织缺氧训练的心肌的梗塞) 。心肌的梗塞被左室的分支结扎导致。训练的组织缺氧在一个比重低於脑脊髓液的房间被执行(在 4000 m 的高度有相等的状况， F i 为 1 h/day 的 O 214.9%) ，为四个星期的 5 天 / 星期。在端点，在血浆的脉管的 endothelial 生长因素(VEGF ) 被测量。梗塞尺寸和毛状的密度被组织学检测。左室的改变和功能被 echocardiography.ResultsAfter 估计 4 星期的实验，与这个组相比那么，在组 MI 的血浆 VEGF 层次(130.27 ±；18.58 pg/mL， P <；0.01 ) 并且 MI-HT (181.93 ±；20.29 pg/mL， P <；0.01 ) 显著地被增加。在组 MI-HT 的梗塞尺寸(29.67%±；7.73%) 显著地被死亡，当时它的毛状的密度(816.0 ±；122.2/mm 2) 显著地被增加。为组 MI 和 MI-HT，而左室的喷射部分被减少，左室的结束心脏舒张、结束收缩的尺寸被增加。与组 MI 相比，然而，组 MI-HT 减少了留给室结束心脏舒张(15.86 ±；1.09 公里， P <；0.05 ) 并且结束收缩的尺寸(12.10 ±；1.20 公里， P <；0.01 ) 显著地并且改进左室的喷射部分(54.39 ±；12.74 公里， P <；0.05 ) 训练可以改进的 .ConclusionHypoxia 让室的功能和还原剂与 MI 在兔子经由 angiogenesis 改变。

Shuyusan-containing serum protects SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced impairment

The Chinese herb Shuyusan, whose main constituent is jasminoidin, has been shown to protect SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced damage. SH-SY5Y cells injured by 400 μmol/L cor- ticosterone were treated with 5 and 30 μg/mL Shuyusan-containing serum. Results revealed that Shuyusan-containing serum elevated the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells, reduced Bax expression, increased Bcl-2 expression, markedly elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression, and blocked cell apoptosis. Moreover, the effect of high-dose （30 μg/mL） Shuyusan-containing se- rum was more remarkable. Therefore, Shuyusan-containing serum appears to protect SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced impairment by adjusting the expression of apoptosis-associ- ated proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Moreover, high-dose Shuyusan-containing se- rum has a protective effect on high-dose corticosterone-induced impairment.

Up-and Down-regulated Leukemia-related Protein 16 Affects ERα Expression and Prolactin Secretion by GH3 Cells

Prolactinoma is an estrogen-related tumor and leukemia-related protein 16 （LRP16） is correlated with the progression of estrogen-related tumors, but the regulatory mechanism between LRP16 and prolactinoma remain unclear. This study demonstrates a variation in LRP16 with estrogen receptor a （ERa） in prolactinoma models and the up and downregulation effects of LRP16 on prolactin secretion of pituitary adenomas cells （GH3 cells）. In our study, 50 male SD rats （30-day-old） were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each. After 120 days of treatment,

Multi-parametric MRI Diagnoses Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma:A Case Report

We performed contrast-enhanced T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery(T2-FLAIR)and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI to illustrate the imaging characteristics of one case of hemangioblastoma.T2-FLAIR showed a large cyst located in the right cerebellum with mural nodule.The intensely enhancing cyst wall was observed on enhanced T2-FLAIR images acquired from 5.6 to 23 minutes after contrast administration,and quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI demonstrated that both the cyst wall and mural nodule presented high Ktrans,Kep and Ve values compared with the contralateral normal cerebellar tissues.The cyst showed gradual enhancement and reached the highest signal intensity at 67 minutes after contrast administration on enhanced T2-FLAIR images.In conclusion,early enhancement of cyst wall on T2-FLAIR might be the characteristic imaging findings for cystic hemangioblastoma,which may assist in the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma preoperatively.

Three-dimensional mapping of intertrochanteric fracture lines

Background:Available research about the anatomic patterns of intertrochanteric fractures is lacking,and fracture mapping has not previously been performed on intertrochanteric fractures.This study aimed to determine the major trajectories of intertrochanteric fracture lines using computed tomography data from a series of surgically treated patients.Methods:In this study,504 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were retrospectively analyzed.Fracture patterns were graded according to Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen(AO)classification.Fracture lines were transcribed onto proximal femoral templates and graphically superimposed to create a compilation of fracture maps that were subsequently divided into anterior,posterior,lateral,and medial fracture maps to create a three-dimensional(3D)pattern by reducing fragments in the 3D models.The fracture maps were then converted into frequency spectra.The major fracture patterns were assessed by focusing on the lateral femoral wall,lesser trochanter,intertrochanteric crest,and inner cortical buttress.Results:Anterior,posterior,lateral,and medial fracture maps were created.The majority of fracture lines(85.9%,433/504)on the anterior maps were along the intertrochanteric line where the iliofemoral ligament was attached.In the medial plane,the majority of fracture lines(49.0%,247/504)shown on the frequency spectrum included the turning point involving the third quadrant.In the posterior plane,the majority of fracture lines(52.0%,262/504)involved the intertrochanteric crest from the greater to the lesser trochanter.In the lateral plane,the majority of fracture lines(62.7%,316/504)involved the greater trochanter at the gluteus medius attachment.Conclusions:The fracture patterns observed in the present study might be used to describe morphologic characteristics and aid with management strategies.Further classifications or modifications that incorporate the fracture patterns identified in this study may be used in future research.

Grey-matter volume as a potential feature for the classification of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: an exploratory study

Specific patterns of brain atrophy may be helpful in the diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. In the present study, we set out to evaluate the utility of grey-matter volume in the classification of AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment （aMCI） compared to normal control （NC）individuals. Voxel-based morphometric analyses were performed on structural MRIs from 35 AD patients, 27 aMCI patients, and 27 NC participants. A two-sample two-tailed t-test was computed between the NC and AD groups to create a map of abnormal grey matter in AD. The brain areas with significant differences were extracted as regions of interest （ROIs）, and the grey-matter volumes in the ROIs of the aMCI patients were included to evaluate the patterns of change across different disease severities. Next, correlation analyses between the grey-matter volumes in the ROIs and all clinical variables were performed in aMCI and AD patients to determine whether they varied with disease progression. The results revealed significantly decreased grey matter in the bilateral hippocampus/ parahippocampus, the bilateral superior/middle temporal gyri, and the right precuneus in AD patients.The grey-matter volumes with clinical variables were positively correlated Finally, we performed exploratory linear discriminative analyses to assess the classifying capacity of grey-matter volumes in the bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampus among AD, aMCI, and NC. Leave-one-out cross- validation analyses demonstrated that grey-matter volumes in hippocampus and parahippocampus accurately distinguished AD from NC. These findings indicate that grey-matter volumes are useful in the classification of AD.

Study of Clinical Practical Model of Urinary System Injury

Background： In order to improve the clinical treatment level of urinary system injury, it is necessary to build tip an animal model of urinary system wound, which is not only analogous to real clinical practice, but also simple and practical. Methods： We have developed the third generation of firearm fragment wound generator based on the first and the second producer. The best explosive charge of the blank cartridge was selected by gradient powder loading experiments. The firearm fragment injuries were made to the bulbous urethra of 10 New Zealand male rabbits. One week preoperatively and 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, all the animals underwent urethroscopy and urethrography. At 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, two animals were randomly selected and killed, and the urethra was cut off for pathological examination. Results： The shooting distance of the third generation of firearm fragment wound generator is 2 cm. The best explosive charge of the blank cartridge is 1 g ofnitrocotton. All rabbits survived the procedures and stayed alive until they were killed, h!juries were limited to bulbous urethra and distal urethra. Round damaged areas, 1-1.5 cm in length, on the ventral wall were observed. Ureteroscopy restdts showed that canal diameter gradually shrank by over 50% in 9 rabbits. The rate of success was 90%. Urethrography result noted that a 11.3 cm stricture was formed at the bulbous urethra. Histology results of injured stricture urethra showed that fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia and hyaline degeneration caused further stricture in the canal. Conclusions： The third generation of firearm fragment wound generator imitates the bullet firing process and is more accurate and repeatable. The corresponding rabbit model of traumatic complex urethral stricture simulates the real complex clinical conditions. This animal model provides a standardized platform for clinical researches on treating traumatic injuries to the urinary system.

Bupi Hewei decoction ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal dysbiosis in rats through T helper 17/T regulatory cell signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of the Bupi Hewei(BPHW)decoction on diarrhea and intestinal flora disorder induced by 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)and investigate the possible mechanism underlying these actions.METHODS:Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control,5-FU,5-FU+BPHW decoction(10.5 g/kg for 5 consecutive days),and 5-FU+Bacillus licheni-formis capsule groups(0.2 g/kg for 5 consecutive days).Animal models were established via the intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU(30 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days).At the end of the treatment period,diarrhea was assessed,and the change of the intestinal flora was examined using 16 S r DNA highthroughput sequencing.Interleukin(IL)-17,IL-21,IL-6,IL-10,RAR-related orphan receptor gamma(RORγt),and forkhead box P3(Foxp3)expression in the jejunum was detected using immunohistochemistry,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR),Western blotting,and enzymelinked immuno sorbent assay.RESULTS:In this study,the BPHW decoction effectively lowered the diarrhea score,increased the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Prevotellaceae-Alloprevotella species,and reduced the proportions of Proteobacteria,Escherichia-Shigella,Ruminococcaceae NK4 A214,and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 species in the rat intestine after 5-FU chemotherapy.In addition,the BPHW decoction significantly suppressed the expression of IL-17,IL-21,IL-6,IL-10,RORγt,and Foxp3 in the jejunum.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that the BPHW decoction can improve the intestinal immune balance and reduce intestinal inflammation by targeting T helper cell/T regulatory cell-associated factors.

Oculopharyngeal Weakness, Hypophrenia, Deafness, and Impaired Vision： A Novel Autosomal Dominant Myopathy with Rimmed Vacuoles

Background： Myopathies with rimnled vacuoles are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders with progressive muscle weakness and varied clinical manifestations but similar features in muscle biopsies. Here, we describe a novel autosomal dominant myopathy with rimmed vacuoles in a large family with 11 patients of three generations affected. Methods： A clinical study including family history, obstetric, pediatric, and development history was recorded. Clinical examinations including physical examination, electromyography （EMG）, serum creatine kinase （CK）, bone X-rays, and brain magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） were performed in this family. Open muscle biopsies were performed on the proband and his mother. To find the causative gene, the whole-exome sequencing was carried out. Results： Disease onset was from adolescence to adulthood, but the affected patients of the third generation presented an earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations than the older generations. Clinical features were characterized as dysarthria, dysphagia, external ophthalmoplegia, limb weakness, hypophrenia, deafness, and impaired vision. However, not every patient manifested all symptoms. Serum CK was mildly elevated and EMG indicated a myopathic pattern. Brain MRI showed cerebellum and brain stem mildly atrophy. Rimmed vacuoles and inclusion bodies were observed in muscle biopsy. The whole-exome sequencing was performed, but the causative gene has not been found. Conclusions： We reported a novel autosomal dominant myopathy with rimmed vacuoles characterized by dysarthria, dysphagia, external ophthalmoplegia, limb weakness, hypophrenia, deafness, and impaired vision, but the causative gene has not been tbund and needs further study.

副乳腺癌内分泌成功治疗的研究（英文）

本文介绍一例87岁男性患者,右腋下肿物4年,通过电子计算机断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)、正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET-CT)和肿物穿刺活检免疫组化确诊为副乳腺癌。进行肿物手术切除,术后内分泌辅助治疗。男性副乳腺癌的案例少见,只有零星的文献报道。在1975~2015年中国医院知识库和Pub Med文献数据库记录中,本文的患者是年龄最大的男性副乳腺患者。