Research Progress in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer

The incidence rate of breast cancer is very high.Some patients were diagnosed as stage IV patients at the first diagnosis and had distant metastasis.Bone,lung and liver are the common metastatic sites of breast cancer.Although brain is the least common metastatic site of breast cancer,the incidence of brain metastasis in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients is increasing year by year.After brain metastasis,the disease develops rapidly,and because of the existence of blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier,it is difficult for drugs to reach the focus,and the curative effect is poor,leading to poor prognosis of patients with brain metastasis of breast cancer.Previous studies have also explored the clinical characteristics of brain metastases from breast cancer and the factors affecting prognosis.Different ages,races,histological grades,T stages,N stages,molecular subtypes,and pathological types are the main factors affecting the occurrence and prognosis of brain metastases from breast cancer.Studies on the characteristics,mechanisms,and treatment plans of brain metastases from breast cancer have also been reported at home and abroad.This article reviews the clinical characteristics,pathogenesis and treatment progress of brain metastases from breast cancer,aiming to provide some ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment and drug research of brain metastases from breast cancer.

Diagnostic value of bone marrow cell morphology in visceral leishmaniasis-associated hemophagocytic syndrome:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis related-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(VL-HLH)is a hemophagocytic syndrome caused by Leishmania infection.VL-HLH is rare,especially in nonendemic areas where the disease is severe,and mortality rates are high.The key to diagnosing VL-HLH is to find the pathogen;therefore,the Leishmania must be accurately identified for timely clinical treatment.CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data,laboratory examination results,and bone marrow cell morphology of two children with VL-HLH diagnosed via bone marrow cell morphology at Kunming Children’s Hospital of Yunnan,China.Both cases suspected of having malignant tumors at other hospitals and who were unresponsive to treatment were transferred to Kunming Children’s Hospital.They are Han Chinese girls,one was 2 years old and the other one is 9 mo old.They had repeated fevers,pancytopenia,hepatosplenomegaly,hypertriglyceridemia,and hypofibrinogenemia over a long period and met the HLH-2004 criteria.Their HLH genetic test results were negative.Both children underwent chemotherapy as per the HLH-2004 chemotherapy regimen,but it was ineffective and accompanied by serious infections.We found Leishmania amastigotes in their bone marrow via morphological examination of their bone marrow cells,which showed hemophagocytic cells;thus,the children were diagnosed with VL-HLH.After being transferred to a specialty hospital for treatment,the condition was well-controlled.CONCLUSION Morphological examination of bone marrow cells plays an important role in diagnosing VL-HLH.When clinically diagnosing secondary HLH,VL-HLH should be considered in addition to common pathogens,especially in patients for whom HLH-2004 chemotherapy regimens are ineffective.For infants and young children,bone marrow cytology examinations should be performed several times and as early as possible to find the pathogens to reduce potential misdiagnoses.

A Characteristics-Mix Stabilized Finite Element Method for Variable Density Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations

This paper describes a characteristics-mix finite element method for the computation of incompressible Navi-er-Stokes equations with variable density. We have introduced a mixed scheme which combines a characteristics finite element scheme for treating the mass conservation equation and a finite element method to deal with the momentum equation and the divergence free constraint. The proposed method has a lot of attractive computational properties: parameter-free, very flexible, and averting the difficulties caused by the original equations. The stability of the method is proved. Finally, several numerical experiments are given to show that this method is efficient for variable density incompressible flows problem.

Biomechanics and joint pain with special reference to shoulder join pain

Neck and shoulder pain is common nowadays,sometimes accompanying with headache,dizziness and upper limb numbness.These symptoms were similar to those caused by cervical spondylopathy.However,radiography and magnetic resonance imaging cannot fully support the diagnosis.As a result,the outcome is often unsatisfactory after symptomatic treatments,as the effects of imbalance of biomechanics have easily been neglected.Keeping the posture of humpback and the chest down might lead to the pectoralis minor muscle tightening and contracture,which further results in passive traction of the coracoid process.Therefore,the affiliated muscles of the scapula might be affected as a result of imbalance of biomechanics,including the rhomboid muscles,levator scapulae and the upper and middle fasciculus of trapezius.The lesion of the above muscles might occur after continuous passive traction.As a consequence,the patient might feel uncomfortable and pain in the scapula,shoulder and back neck.

Expression of miR-21 in Colorectal Cancer and Its Relationship with Clinicopathological Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer

Objective:To investigate the expression of miR-21 in colorectal cancer cells,and to analyze the relationship between the level of miR-21 and the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer patients.Methods:210 patients with colorectal cancer treated in our hospital from January 2016 to June 2019 were selected.Cancer tissue specimens(study group)and adjacent normal tissue specimens(control group)were surgically collected,and the quantitative quantitative PCR was used to detect and compare the miR-21 expression of the two groups.Results:The expression of miR-21 in the study group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were significant differences among patients with early and intermediate TNM,patients with low differentiation and patients with moderate to high differentiation,patients with lymph node metastasis and patients without lymph node metastasis,patients with high infiltration and patients with low infiltration,patients with high CEA levels,and patients with low CEA,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:In colorectal cancer,miR-21 is highly expressed,which is closely related to stage and differentiation,and can be used to reflect the patient’s condition.

Tess' s Losing of Virginity in Kant's Eyes

Tess is a pure girl in Hardy's eyes, as it shows in the book's subtitle. She is sinned in Victorian's time, however, she is still pure in Kant's eyes.Key words: Tesss purity;

Analysis of Women's Images in The Merry Wives of Windsor

As one of the greatest writers in the world, Shakespeare was well-known for its comedies, especially The Merry Wives of Windsor. He always spoke highly of women who represent positive characters in his works. This thesis will attempt to analyze the characteristics of female images, aiming to reveal the influence of the Renaissance at that time and Shakespeare's admiration to Queen Elizabeth.

Constituents from leaves of Macaranga hemsleyana

Objective:To study constituents of the leaves of Macaranga hemsleyana,and evaluate their inhibitory effects against NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation,and antiproliferative activity.Methods:The constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on MCI gel CHP20P/P120,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and HPLC.The structures of compounds were determined by 1D,2D NMR,and HR-ESI-MS data.The inhibitory effect of compounds on inflammasome activation was determined by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)procedure.The antiproliferative activity was evaluated using MTT assay.Results:The study led to the isolation of 23 compounds,including one new compound,identified as(2Z)-3-[4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2′-hydroxy-5′-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid(1),together with 22 known compounds recognized as 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarbonitrile(2),methyl 4-methoxynicotinate(3),4-methoxynicotinonitrile(4),1-(3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethanone(5),neoisoastilbin(6),isoastilbin(7),aromadendrin(8),neoastilbin(9),astilbin(10),quercitrin(11),neoschaftoside(12),apigenin 6,8-bis-C-α-L-arabinoside(13),vitexin(14),bergenin(15),scopoletin(16),glucopyranoside salicyl(17),koaburside(18),benzylβ-D-glucoside(19),icariside B5(20),roseoside(21),loliolide(22),and adenosine(23).The tested compounds did not show LDH inhibition nor antiproliferative activity.Conclusion:Compound 1 was a new glycoside.Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained for the first time from natural source.The 22 known compounds constituted of alkaloids(2–4,23),phenolics(5,15,17,18),flavonoids(6–14),coumarin(16),benzyl glycoside(19),and norsesquiterpenes(20–22).All the compounds,1–23,were revealed from M.hemsleyana for the first time.This is the initial uncovering of molecules 1–10,12,13,17–19,and 23 from the genus Macaranga.The isolated compounds,11,14–16,and 20–22 established taxonomic classification of M.hemsleyana in Euphorbiaceae family.Flavonoids were outstanding as chemosystematic markers of Macaranga genus.

Partial AZFc duplications not deletions are associated with male infertility in the Yi population of Yunnan Province,China

Objective:There are many reports on associations between spermatogenesis and partial azoospermia factor c(AZFc) deletions as well as duplications;however,results are conflicting,possibly due to differences in methodology and ethnic background.The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of AZFc polymorphisms and male infertility in the Yi ethnic population,residents within Yunnan Province,ChinaMethods:A total of 224 infertile patients and 153 fertile subjects were selected in the Yi ethnic population.The study was performed by sequence-tagged site plus/minus(STS+/) analysis followed by gene dosage and gene copy definition analysis.Y haplotypes of 215 cases and 115 controls were defined by 12 binary markers using single nucleotide polymorphism on Y chromosome(Y-SNP) multiplex assays based on single base primer extension technology.Results:The distribution of Y haplotypes was not significantly different between the case and control groups.The frequencies of both gr/gr(7.6% vs.8.5%) and b2/b3(6.3% vs.8.5%) deletions do not show significant differences.Similarly,single nucleotide variant(SNV) analysis shows no significant difference of gene copy definition between the cases and controls.However,the frequency of partial duplications in the infertile group(4.0%) is significantly higher than that in the control group(0.7%).Further,we found a case with sY1206 deletion which had two CDY1 copies but removed half of DAZ genes.Conclusions:Our results show that male infertility is associated with partial AZFc duplications,but neither gr/gr nor b2/b3 deletions,suggesting that partial AZFc duplications rather than deletions are risk factors for male infertility in Chinese-Yi population.

Ginkgo Biloba Waste Resources and Waste Treatment Combined with Modern Progress and Development Model

Background:Ginkgo biloba L.is listed in the Red List of Endangered Species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.G.biloba is an important medicinal plant in China and can be widely used in materials,gardens,and as a source of nutrients.With the large-scale planting of ginkgo plants,China,accounts for more than 70%of the world’s total gingko output.Currently,G.biloba P.E.is the main extract under product development and application.However,G.biloba has been discarded as waste for a long time and has not been well developed and utilized.According to incomplete statistics,nearly 40,000 tons are discarded in China every year,which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment.Objective:This is an issue of great significance and adds value to scientific research.We aim to develop a key technology for resource recycling by combining G.biloba waste resources and waste treatment.Methods:Data were obtained by searching databases such as CNKI,and analyzing the herb application,modern application,main chemical components,utilization of waste parts,ways and modes combined with waste treatment,and safety of G.biloba.This systematic analysis can serve as a reference for the recycling of waste resources in other fields.Conclusion:The chemical constituents of the outer seed coat of G.biloba mainly include hydrophenols,phenolic acids,and biflavones,among which the phenolic acid of G.biloba can be used to extract glycolic acid,which can inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The domestic waste produced by tuberculosis(TB)patients contains a large number of bacilli,and the incidence of transmission can be reduced by using glycolic acid to inhibit the growth of TB bacilli in the waste.