Mental Health Literacy of University Students in Vietnam and Cambodia

Mental health literacy(MHL)refers to knowledge and attitudes that shape the recognition,management,and prevention of mental disorders.While the topic has been exhaustively researched in Western countries,research from Southeast Asia still is limited.Previous studies in this field showed a moderate recognition of mental disorders,a high prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes and a low willingness to seek professional help among Southeastern-Asian populations.This study explored the level of MHL among university students from different parts of Vietnam and Cambodia.Correlations with influencing factors(gender,age,study year,educational attainment of the parents,urban/rural origin,ethnicity,personal experiences with mental disorders)were also explored.An online survey,using a 30-item Vietnamese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS),was conducted at six university sites in Vietnam and Cambodia.Data of 1032 students from different study branches were included.The MHL of Vietnamese and Cambodian university students was lower,compared to samples from Australia or the UK.Females and students with a personal experience of mental disorders(self or family)showed a significantly higher MHL.No differences in MHL were found between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds(professional attainment of parents,urban/rural origin).Findings on the influence of ethnicity were inconclusive.MHL needs to be improved among the university students of Vietnam and Cambodia.Mental health promotion should specifically target male students,students from STEM branches,and international students.

Standardization of exercise intensity and consideration of a dose-response is essential.Commentary on "Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer’s models”,by Lourenco et al.,published 2019 in Nature Medicine

Over the past decade,several biochemical pathways have been investigated to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognition.1,2 Lourenco et al.,3 in an elegant study published in Nature Medicine,examined the relationship between exercise training and hippocampal memory function.Mechanistically,the authors showed that FNDC5/irisin is an important mediator of beneficial effects of physical exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Effect of preparation conditions on properties of Al-substituted α-Ni(OH)_2 prepared by homogeneous precipitation

Al-substituted α-Ni（OH）2 was synthesized under different reaction conditions by a homogeneous precipitation method. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, Ni and Al ions concentration and reagent ratio on the physico-chemical properties and electrochemical performance of Al-substituted α-Ni（OH）2 was studied. The Al-substituted α-Ni（OH）2 samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, infrared spectrometry（FT-IR）, inductively coupled plasma（ICP）, thermogravimetry（TG） and electrochemical test. The results reveal that the physico-chemical properties and electrochemical performance of the sample are influenced strongly by the preparation conditions. Keeping reaction temperature at 100 or 104℃ is appropriate and the largest specific discharge capacity of the sample is 320mA·h/g. With the reaction time increasing, the discharge capacity increases first and then decreases slightly. It is appropriate that the Ni and Al ions concentration and the ratio of urea to Ni and Al ions are 0.42mol/L and 0.75∶1, respectively.

Towards Realistic Vibration Testing of Large Floor Batteries for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)

This contribution shows an analysis of vibration measurement on large floor-mounted traction batteries of Battery Electric Vehicles(BEV).The focus lies on the requirements for a realistic replication of the mechanical environments in a testing laboratory.Especially the analysis on global bending transfer functions and local corner bending coherence indicate that neither a fully stiff fixation of the battery nor a completely independent movement on the four corners yields a realistic and conservative test scenario.The contribution will further show what implication these findings have on future vibration&shock testing equipment for large traction batteries.Additionally,it will cover an outlook on how vibration behavior of highly integrated approaches(cell2car)changes the mechanical loads on the cells.

A Survey of Control Structures for Reconfigurable Petri Nets

Software systems are increasingly executed in dynamic infrastructures. These infrastructures are dynamic as they are themselves subject to change as they support various applications that may or may not share some of the resources. Dynamic software systems become more and more important, but are difficult to handle. Modeling and simulating dynamic systems requires the representation of their processes and the system changes within one model. To that effect, reconfigurable Petri nets consist of a Petri net and a set of rules that can modify the Petri net. Their main feature is the capability to model complex coordination behavior in dynamically adapting infrastructures. The interplay of both levels of dynamic behavior requires a very precise description, so the specification when and which rules are to be applied plays a crucial role for the convenient use of reconfigurable nets. We differentiate several types of reconfigurable Petri nets and present a survey of control structure for these types, reconfigurable Petri nets. These control structures either concern the infrastructure, i.e., the rules and transformations or the system part, i.e., the firing behavior, or both. They are introduced by a short characterization and illustrated by examples. We state the results for various Petri net types and the tools supporting the different control structures.

Process Engineering Considerations of Electrochemical Storage

Thermodynamically, electric storages can be generally characterized as a type of regenerative machines able to operate in a work and a power machine mode. A consideration of the concentration term of the Nernst equation already shows a first principal difference between batch and flow processes, because the reaction coordinate depends on time for batch processes and on the flow coordinate for flow processes. Ionic substances may be stored within a volume surrounding the electrodes or on the surface of the electrodes itself. The volume concentrations of the reactants are thus a determining parameter of electrochemical storage beside voltage and the ratio of released electrons per reacting reference substance. Surface storage allows only batch processes while volume storage allows batch and flow processes. This characterization identifies the benefits of certain reactions regarding mass and volume related energy density in a simple way at a very early stage of development. It also allows a simple calculation of possible discharging times.

Aerodynamics of a Tandem-Bladed Axial Compressor Rotor under Circumferential Distortion at Different Rotational Speeds

For most aircraft engines,inflow distortion is inevitable.Inflow distortion is known to degrade the aerodynamic performance and stable operating limits of a compressor.Tandem rotor configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the boundary layer over the suction surface of the blade.Therefore,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved through this unconventional design approach involving the splitting of the blade into forward and aft sections.It is expected that the effect of inlet flow distortion would be more severe for a tandem-rotor design due to the greater flow turning inherent in such designs.However,this aspect needs to be thoroughly examined.The present study discusses the effect of circumferential distortion on the tandem-rotor at different rotational speeds.Full-annulus RANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used in the present study.The performance of the rotor at a particular flow coefficient and different rotational speeds is compared.The total pressure and efficiency are observed to drop at lower mass flow rates under the influence of circumferential distortion.The loss region in each blade passage is mainly associated with the blade wake,tip leakage vortex,secondary flow,and boundary layer.However,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the distorted sector.At the lower span,the wake width is found to be higher than that at a higher span.Due to the redistribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent reduces at a higher span.In the undistorted sector,the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the design rotational speed than at lower speeds.The distortion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakdown even at the design operating condition.This adversely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and stall margin.Under clean flow conditions,this phenomenon is only observed near the stall point.At the design operating condition,the breakdown of the forward rotor tip leakage vortex is detected in four blade passages.The axial velocity deficit and adverse pressure gradient play a significant role in the behaviour of tip leakage vortex at lower rotational speeds in the distorted sector.A twin vortex breakdown is also observed at lower speeds.

An approach of the internal friction-dependent temperature changes for conventional and pure biogenic lubricating greases

This work investigated the temperature changes inside the bulk of lubricating greases under controlled high-shear stress conditions(250-500 s-1).For this purpose,a newly developed temperature-measuring cell called Calidus was successfully tested.The temperature changes(ΔT)have been related to the greases'components(thickener,base oil-type,and composition)and the structural degradation of the lubricating greases.Furthermore,a theoretical approach was proposed for calculating the internal temperature change of lubricating greases during shear stress.All greases showed an internal temperature profile characterised by a sudden rise inΔT within the first 4 h from starting the test and subsequentΔT decay until it reaches the steady state value.Furthermore,it was found that greases C1 and C5,formulated with lithium and calcium soap,respectively,with different soap content(16.1 wt%and 9.7 wt%,respectively),but the same base castor oil,showed the highest value of the maximumΔT,c.a.3.2 K,and the most drastic drop ofΔT.These greases showed both the highest specific densities and heat capacities.In addition,they showed the lowest ratio of expended energies(Rtee),which means more structural degradation in the stressed grease.On the contrary,the grease C3,with 13 wt%of Li-soap but the lowest base oil's viscosity,showed the lowest maximumΔT and the temperature profile was characterised by a moderate variation ofΔT along the test.The biogenic grease B3 developed a low-temperature change in the group of pure bio-genic greases close to grease C3.

Light weighting opportunities and material choice for commercial vehicle frame structures from a design point of view

This paper focuses on an estimation of light weighting opportunities for the frame structure of com- mercial road vehicles. This estimation is based on simpli- fied static load cases which play a predominant role for the dimensioning of a frame structure and therefore these simplifications are not putting the general validity of the conclusions into question. A comparison of different ma- terials under this scenario shows that light metals do not show any weight reduction advantage in comparison to steel while a material-independent topology optimization has more weight reduction potential for the frame structure than a simple change of materials. Considering the con- straints of part complexity which is directly linked with production and assembly cost, the ladder frame structure has become the current state of the art design. Thus the paper also puts a spotlight on basic rules of node design and vertical load induction in order to keep the weight of such a design as low as possible. Practical examples from manufacturers show that the weight of a commercial vehicle could be reduced by 10%, and main parts of the frame structure could be reduced by 30% using high strength steel in combination with innovative production methods like roll forming.

Eco-toxicity of water, soil, and sediment from agricultural areas of Kilombero Valley Ramsar wetlands, Tanzania

This study was conducted in the KVRS to;evaluate the seasonal eco-toxicity of water,soil and sediment samples;establish the suitability of using temperate biotest batteries in tropical systems;classify the toxicity of samples using Fuzzy Rules to estimate potential ecological risks.143 water,sediment,and soil samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons in plantation areas.Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,Aliivibrio fischeri and Arthrobacter globiformis bioassays were used to assess the toxicity of the samples.Results were categorized and classified into toxicity classes.Dry season presented a significantly higher mean inhibition of 31%than 5%shown by rainy season samples(p<0.001)in the bacterial bioassays,indicating a lower concentration of contaminants due to flooding and increased surface runoff.A few sediment samples resulted into 100%inhibition of A.globiformis,implying organisms were physiologically inactive upon exposure to contaminants.Seventy-three percent of samples posed little or no toxic potential risk,25%posed critical risk and 1%posed elevated critical risk,implying the KVRS ecosystem might be at risk if the extensive usage of pesticides in the area is not well managed and monitored.The temperate micro-biotests can be used in tropical systems,but with further research on suitable organisms and standardized methods.

A critical review of policies and legislation protecting Tanzanian wetlands

Introduction:The benefit of wetlands for reducing poverty depends on the effectiveness of governance systems that influence peoples’behaviour in the wise use of wetlands.Objectives:This article critically analyses the current poverty reduction strategies,agrarian policies and economic investments governing wetland usage,especially in Tanzania,with regard to their impact on sustainable Ramsar wetlands management.Methodology:It analyses the management structure,domestic policies and legal framework relating to the protection of wetlands in Tanzania in accordance to the wise use concept of the Ramsar Convention.Outcomes:Tanzanian legal provisions for wetland protection are uncoordinated and too limited in their coverage and scope to sufficiently address the destruction of wetland ecosystems.There is no comprehensive national legal framework to guide sustainable management of Ramsar wetlands in Tanzania as laid out by the Ramsar Convention,which the country ratified in the year 2000.Conclusion:Without a sound legislative and policy-making framework,Tanzanian wetlands and their diverse ecosystem services will continue to degenerate with current strategies of increasing agribusiness and other developmental projects or economic investments.This paper provides critical baseline information to inform decision makers to develop appropriate policy and laws,which promote the wise use of wetlands in Tanzania.

ADAM10 sheddase activation is controlled by cell membrane asymmetry

Dysregulation of the disintegrin-metalloproteinase ADAM10 may contribute to the development of diseases including tumorigenesis and Alzheimer's disease.The mechanisms underlying ADAM10 sheddase activation are incompletely understood.Here,we show that transient exposure of the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylserine(PS)is necessarily required.The soluble PS headgroup was found to act as competitive inhibitor of substrate cleavage.Overexpression of the Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblase Anoctamin-6(AN06)led to increased PS externalization and substrate release.Transfection with a constitutively active form of AN06 resulted in maximum sheddase activity in the absence of any stimulus.Calcium-dependent ADAM10 activation could not be induced in lymphocytes of patients with Scott syndrome harbouring a missense mutation in AN06.A putative PS-binding motif was identified in the conserved stalk region.Replacement of this motif resulted in strong reduction of sheddase activity.In conjunction with the recently described 3D structure of the ADAM10 extracellular domain,a model is advanced to explain how surface-exposed PS triggers ADAM 10 sheddase function.