基于人工智能的医学图像多器官分割及其在医药领域的应用

准确的医学图像多器官分割对临床应用和医药发展意义重大。然而,传统基于手工特征设计的图像处理方法难以处理图像中的组织纹理和复杂形态。近年来,随着人工智能的兴起,端到端的深度学习方法展现出在自动化医学图像分析方面的强大潜力。尤其是基于卷积神经网络和Transformer的U-Net系列网络,实现了对医学数据的精确语义分割,更在临床决策和疗效评估中提高了诊断和治疗的准确性。简介目前基于深度学习的医学图像多器官分割算法,重点关注U-Net系列网络的发展及多器官分割在医药领域的应用。

Clinical translation and challenges of biodegradable magnesium-based interference screws in ACL reconstruction

As one of the most promising fixators developed for anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction,biodegradable magnesium(Mg)-based interference screws have gained increasing attention attributed to their appropriate modulus and favorable biological properties during degradation after surgical insertion.However,its fast degradation and insufficient mechanical strength have also been recognized as one of the major causes to limit their further application clinically.This review focused on the following four parts.Firstly,the advantages of Mg or its alloys over their counterparts as orthopaedic implants in the fixation of tendon grafts in ACL reconstruction were discussed.Subsequently,the underlying mechanisms behind the contributions of Mg ions to the tendon-bone healing were introduced.Thirdly,the technical challenges of Mg-based interference screws towards clinical trials were discussed,which was followed by the introduction of currently used modification methods for gaining improved corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.Finally,novel strategies including development of Mg/Titanium(Ti)hybrid fixators and Mg-based screws with innovative structure for achieving clinically customized therapies were proposed.Collectively,the advancements in the basic and translational research on the Mg-based interference screws may lay the foundation for exploring a new era in the treatment of the tendon-bone insertion(TBI)and related disorders.

Update on the research and development of magnesium-based biodegradable implants and their clinical translation in orthopaedics

Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)or its alloys are desirable materials for development into new-generation internal fixation devices or implants with high biocompatibility,adequate mechanical modulus,and osteopromotive properties,which may overcome some of the drawbacks of the existing permanent orthopaedic implants with regard to stress-shielding of bone and beam-hardening effects on radiographic images.This review summarises the current research status of Mg-based orthopaedic implants in animals and clinical trials.First,detailed information of animal studies including bone fracture repair and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the use of Mg-based orthopaedic devices is introduced.Second,the repair mechanisms of the Mg-based orthopaedic implants are also reviewed.Afterwards,reports of recent clinical cases treated using Mg-based implants in orthopaedics are summarised.Finally,the challenges and the strategies of the use of Mg-based orthopaedic implants are discussed.Taken together,the collected efforts in basic research,translational work,and clinical applications of Mg-based orthopaedic implants over the last decades greatly contribute to the development of a new generation of biodegradable metals used for the design of innovative implants for better treatment of orthopaedic conditions in patients with challenging skeletal disorders or injuries.