Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are the main cause of tumor growth,invasion,metastasis and recurrence.Recently,CSCs have been extensively studied to identify CSCspecific surface markers as well as signaling pathways that play ...Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are the main cause of tumor growth,invasion,metastasis and recurrence.Recently,CSCs have been extensively studied to identify CSCspecific surface markers as well as signaling pathways that play key roles in CSCs self-renewal.The involvement of CSCs in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal(GI)cancers also highlights these cells as a priority target for therapy.The diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of GI cancer have always been a focus of attention.Therefore,the potential application of CSCs in GI cancers is receiving increasing attention.This review summarizes the role of CSCs in GI cancers,focusing on esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreatic cancer.In addition,we propose CSCs as potential targets and therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of GI cancers,which may provide better guidance for clinical treatment of GI cancers.展开更多
Background Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has played an important role in the rapid growth of medical imaging diagnostic technology,especially in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors owing to its non invasive c...Background Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has played an important role in the rapid growth of medical imaging diagnostic technology,especially in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors owing to its non invasive characteristics and superior soft tissue contrast.However,brain tumors are characterized by high non uniformity and non-obvious boundaries in MRI images because of their invasive and highly heterogeneous nature.In addition,the labeling of tumor areas is time-consuming and laborious.Methods To address these issues,this study uses a residual grouped convolution module,convolutional block attention module,and bilinear interpolation upsampling method to improve the classical segmentation network U-net.The influence of network normalization,loss function,and network depth on segmentation performance is further considered.Results In the experiments,the Dice score of the proposed segmentation model reached 97.581%,which is 12.438%higher than that of traditional U-net,demonstrating the effective segmentation of MRI brain tumor images.Conclusions In conclusion,we use the improved U-net network to achieve a good segmentation effect of brain tumor MRI images.展开更多
Cardiac thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is most commonly found in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The incidence of LAA thrombus ranges from 1.2% to 22.6%, with the vast variation in incidence attri...Cardiac thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is most commonly found in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The incidence of LAA thrombus ranges from 1.2% to 22.6%, with the vast variation in incidence attributed to the patient’s condition. The effective rate of anticoagulation for thrombus dissolution therapy is only 50%-60%, and long-term anticoagulation treatment increases the risk of bleeding. Direct percutaneous LAA closure in AF patients with LAA thrombus in a suitable location is another alternative treatment option. LAA resection with cardiac surgery is also an effective treatment. This review presents the development of the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombus in LAA.展开更多
基金Supported by the Youth Medical Talent of Jiangsu Province,No.QNRC2016475.
文摘Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are the main cause of tumor growth,invasion,metastasis and recurrence.Recently,CSCs have been extensively studied to identify CSCspecific surface markers as well as signaling pathways that play key roles in CSCs self-renewal.The involvement of CSCs in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal(GI)cancers also highlights these cells as a priority target for therapy.The diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of GI cancer have always been a focus of attention.Therefore,the potential application of CSCs in GI cancers is receiving increasing attention.This review summarizes the role of CSCs in GI cancers,focusing on esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreatic cancer.In addition,we propose CSCs as potential targets and therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of GI cancers,which may provide better guidance for clinical treatment of GI cancers.
基金Research Fund of Macao Polytechnic University(RP/FCSD-01/2022).
文摘Background Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has played an important role in the rapid growth of medical imaging diagnostic technology,especially in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors owing to its non invasive characteristics and superior soft tissue contrast.However,brain tumors are characterized by high non uniformity and non-obvious boundaries in MRI images because of their invasive and highly heterogeneous nature.In addition,the labeling of tumor areas is time-consuming and laborious.Methods To address these issues,this study uses a residual grouped convolution module,convolutional block attention module,and bilinear interpolation upsampling method to improve the classical segmentation network U-net.The influence of network normalization,loss function,and network depth on segmentation performance is further considered.Results In the experiments,the Dice score of the proposed segmentation model reached 97.581%,which is 12.438%higher than that of traditional U-net,demonstrating the effective segmentation of MRI brain tumor images.Conclusions In conclusion,we use the improved U-net network to achieve a good segmentation effect of brain tumor MRI images.
基金supported by Collaborative Medical-Enterprise Project of Hangzhou Health and Health Commission (2021JWCY239).
文摘Cardiac thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is most commonly found in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The incidence of LAA thrombus ranges from 1.2% to 22.6%, with the vast variation in incidence attributed to the patient’s condition. The effective rate of anticoagulation for thrombus dissolution therapy is only 50%-60%, and long-term anticoagulation treatment increases the risk of bleeding. Direct percutaneous LAA closure in AF patients with LAA thrombus in a suitable location is another alternative treatment option. LAA resection with cardiac surgery is also an effective treatment. This review presents the development of the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombus in LAA.
