Real-Time Monitoring Method for Cow Rumination Behavior Based on Edge Computing and Improved MobileNet v3

[Objective]Real-time monitoring of cow ruminant behavior is of paramount importance for promptly obtaining relevant information about cow health and predicting cow diseases.Currently,various strategies have been proposed for monitoring cow ruminant behavior,including video surveillance,sound recognition,and sensor monitoring methods.How‐ever,the application of edge device gives rise to the issue of inadequate real-time performance.To reduce the volume of data transmission and cloud computing workload while achieving real-time monitoring of dairy cow rumination behavior,a real-time monitoring method was proposed for cow ruminant behavior based on edge computing.[Methods]Autono‐mously designed edge devices were utilized to collect and process six-axis acceleration signals from cows in real-time.Based on these six-axis data,two distinct strategies,federated edge intelligence and split edge intelligence,were investigat‐ed for the real-time recognition of cow ruminant behavior.Focused on the real-time recognition method for cow ruminant behavior leveraging federated edge intelligence,the CA-MobileNet v3 network was proposed by enhancing the MobileNet v3 network with a collaborative attention mechanism.Additionally,a federated edge intelligence model was designed uti‐lizing the CA-MobileNet v3 network and the FedAvg federated aggregation algorithm.In the study on split edge intelli‐gence,a split edge intelligence model named MobileNet-LSTM was designed by integrating the MobileNet v3 network with a fusion collaborative attention mechanism and the Bi-LSTM network.[Results and Discussions]Through compara‐tive experiments with MobileNet v3 and MobileNet-LSTM,the federated edge intelligence model based on CA-Mo‐bileNet v3 achieved an average Precision rate,Recall rate,F1-Score,Specificity,and Accuracy of 97.1%,97.9%,97.5%,98.3%,and 98.2%,respectively,yielding the best recognition performance.[Conclusions]It is provided a real-time and effective method for monitoring cow ruminant behavior,and the proposed federated edge intelligence model can be ap‐plied in practical settings.

Computer Simulation of Turbulent Flow through a Hydraulic Turbine Draft Tube

Based on the Naviev-Stokes equations and the standard κ-ε turbulence model, this paper presents the derivation of the governing equations for the turbulent flow field in a draft tube. The mathematical model for the turbulent flow through a draft tube is set up when the boundary conditions, including the inlet boundary conditions, the outlet boundary conditions and the wall boundary conditions, have been implemented. The governing equations are formulated in a discrete form on a staggered grid system by the finite volume method. The second-order central difference approximation and hybrid scheme are used for discretization. The computation and analysis on internal flow through a draft tube have been carried out by using the simplee algorithm and cfx-tasc flow software so as to obtain the simulated flow fields. The calculation results at the design operating condition for the draft tube are presented in this paper. Thereby, an effective method for simulating the internal flow field in a draft tube has been explored.

Contrast Enhancement Using Weighted Coupled Histogram Equalization with Laplace Transform

Histogram equalization is a traditional algorithm improving the image contrast,but it comes at the cost of mean brightness shift and details loss.In order to solve these problems,a novel approach to processing foreground pixels and background pixels independently is proposed and investigated.Since details are mainly contained in the foreground,the weighted coupling of histogram equalization and Laplace transform were adopted to balance contrast enhancement and details preservation.The weighting factors of image foreground and background were determined by the amount of their respective information.The proposed method was conducted to images acquired from CVG⁃UGR and US⁃SIPI image databases and then compared with other methods such as clipping histogram spikes,histogram addition,and non⁃linear transformation to verify its validity.Results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively enhance the contrast without introducing distortions,and preserve the mean brightness and details well at the same time.

Dynamics analysis on transverse cutting mechanism of straw checkerboard paving robot

The transverse cutting mechanism of the checkerboard paving robot, which directly affects the robot＇s operation, is regarded as the most important part in a transverse pavement system This research aims at designing a new system which is appropriate for desert wofidng en- vironments and finishing cutting the rope of straw. In this paper, computer emulating technology is applied, and with three-dimensional modeling by Pro/ENGINEER software, can observe whether or not interference exists. Also, the speed and displacement parameters of the main parts of the cutting system are given by the dynamic emulation by Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System （ADAMS）, which theoretically assures the feasibility and appropriateness of the cutting mechanisrn~ Finally, results of the experinaent shows that the cutting mechanism can cut the straw strand as designed.

Experimental study of hydrodynamic performance of full-scale horizontal axis tidal current turbine

In this paper, experiments of both the model turbine （1 kW） and the full scale （10 kW） turbine are carried out in a towing tank and a basin, respectively, and the test of the full scale turbine on the sea is conducted. By comparison between the model turbine （D = 0.7 m） and the full scale turbine （D = 2.0 m）, it is shown that the maximum power coefficient increases with the increase of the diameter of the turbine. The test results on the sea are used to study the hydrodynamic performances of the horizontal axis turbine, and provide a basis for the design. Experimental results can validate the accuracy of the numerical simulation results.

Application of insulation padding in a heavy turbine guide vane casting

To replace metal padding by insulation padding for castings can save the melt and reduce cleaning work of castings. The design of insulation padding was investigated. The equation of the modulus extension factor for insulation padding and the ratio of its thickness over the modulus of a casting were improved to deter- mine the thickness of insulation padding. The insulation padding was designed for a turbine guide vane casting weighing 3.5 t. A sound casting was obtained with 750 kg steel saved. On the other side, the cast- ing obviously expanded at the interface with the insulation padding, which is perhaps the reason that the use of insulation padding has been suspended for many years. To avoid the expansion of insulation pad- ding, a shielding layer made of a kind of material of good fire resistance was adopted to prevent the insula- tion layer from touching the melt. The shielding layer serves as a cushion of heat and expansion during so- lidification process so as to resist the expansion of castings and guarantee the feeding effect at the same time. Furthermore, insulation padding can be placed by a certain offset into the mold cavity so as to coun- teract the expansion of castings.