Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are multifaceted diseases with genotypic,pathological and clinical overlap.One such overlap is the presence of SQSTM1/p62 mutations.While traditional...Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are multifaceted diseases with genotypic,pathological and clinical overlap.One such overlap is the presence of SQSTM1/p62 mutations.While traditionally mutations manifesting in the ubiquitin-associated domain of p62 were associated with Paget’s disease of bone,mutations affecting all functional domains of p62 have now been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients.p62 is a multifunctional protein that facilitates protein degradation through autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system,and also regulates cell survival via the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway,the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and apoptosis.Dysfunction in these signaling and protein degradation pathways have been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration,and mutations that affect the role of p62 in these pathways may contribute to disease pathogenesis.In this review we discuss the role of p62 in these pathways,the effects of p62 mutations and the effect of mutations in the p62 modulator TANK-binding kinase 1,in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathogenesis.展开更多
The 14th Scientific Congress of the Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Science was held on October 11‐12,2018 in Qingdao,China.During this congress,an international forum on the development of Laboratory Anima...The 14th Scientific Congress of the Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Science was held on October 11‐12,2018 in Qingdao,China.During this congress,an international forum on the development of Laboratory Animal Sciences(LAS)worldwide was held in which participants learnt about the development of new LAS resources and technologies,as well as the progress of LAS in China.The main points that were discussed are as follows.After nearly a century of development,there are more than 200 species of experimental animals,and more than 20 000 inbred lines,outbred lines,genetic engineered animals,animal models of diseases,and other resources all over the world,which provide abundant experimental animal resources for scientific research.These resources are widely used in life science research.展开更多
AIM To identify and characterize the effect of phosphorylation on the subcellular localization of Ankrd54.METHODS HEK293 T cells were treated with calyculin A, staurosporin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA). Cel...AIM To identify and characterize the effect of phosphorylation on the subcellular localization of Ankrd54.METHODS HEK293 T cells were treated with calyculin A, staurosporin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA). Cells were transfected with eG FP-tagged Ankrd54 with or without Lyn tyrosine kinase(wild-type, Y397 F mutant, or Y508 F mutant). The subcellular localization was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging of cells, immunoblotting of subcellular fractionations. The phosphorylation of Ankrd54 was monitored using Phos-tagT M gel retardation. Phosphorylated peptides were analysed by multiplereaction-monitoring(MRM) proteomic analysis.RESULTS Activation of PKC kinases using PMA promoted nuclear export of Ankrd54 and correlated with increased Ankrd54 phosphorylation, assayed using Phos-tag TM gel retardation. Co-expression of an active form of the PKCδisoform specifically promoted both phosphorylation and cytoplasmic localization of Ankrd54, while PKCδ, Akt and PKA did not. Alanine mutation of several serine residues in the amino-terminal region of Ankrd54(Ser14, Ser17, Ser18, Ser19) reduced both PMA induced cytoplasmic localization and phosphorylation of Ankrd54. Using MRM proteomic analysis, phosphorylation of the Ser18 residue of Ankrd54 was readily detectable in response to PMA stimulation. PMA stimulation of cells co-expressing Ankrd54 and Lyn tyrosine kinase displayed increased coimmunoprecipitation and enhanced co-localization in the cytoplasm.CONCLUSION We identify phosphorylation by PKCδ as a major regulator of nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Ankrd54, and its interaction with the tyrosine kinase Lyn.展开更多
The establishment of multipotent pancreas progenitors(MPP) should have a significant impact not only on the ontology of the pancreas, but also for the translational research of glucose-responding endocrine b-cells. De...The establishment of multipotent pancreas progenitors(MPP) should have a significant impact not only on the ontology of the pancreas, but also for the translational research of glucose-responding endocrine b-cells. Deficiency of the latter may lead to the pandemic type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder. An ideal treatment of which would potentially be the replacement of destroyed or failed b-cells, by restoring function of endogenous pancreatic endocrine cells or by transplantation of donor islets or in vitro generated insulin-secreting cells. Thus, considerable research efforts have been devoted to identify MPP candidates in the preand post-natal pancreas for the endogenous neogenesis or regeneration of endocrine insulin-secreting cells. In order to advance this inconclusive but critical field, we here review the emerging concepts, recent literature and newest developments of potential MPP and propose measures that would assist its forward progression.展开更多
Pancreatic insulin-secretingβcells are essential in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis accomplished byhighly specialized transcription of insulin gene,of which occupies up to 40%their transcriptome.Deficiency of ...Pancreatic insulin-secretingβcells are essential in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis accomplished byhighly specialized transcription of insulin gene,of which occupies up to 40%their transcriptome.Deficiency of these cells causes diabetes mellitus,a global public health problem.Although tremendous endeavors have been made to generate insulin-secreting cells from human pluripotent stem cells(i.e.,primitive cells capable of giving rise to all cell types in the body),a regenerative therapy to diabetes has not yet been established.Furthermore,the nomenclature ofβcells has become inconsistent,confusing and controversial due to the lack of standardized positive controls of developmental stagematched in vivo cells.In order to minimize this negative impact and facilitate critical research in this field,a postgenomic concept of pancreaticβcells might be helpful.In this review article,we will briefly describe howβcells were discovered and islet lineage is developed that may help understand the cause of nomenclatural controversy,suggest a post-genomic definition and finally provide a conclusive remark on future research of this pivotal cell.展开更多
The number of genetically modified mouse models that mimic human disease is growing rapidly,but only a tiny fraction has been commonly used.According to The Knockout Mouse Program(Lloyd,2011),a public resource of mous...The number of genetically modified mouse models that mimic human disease is growing rapidly,but only a tiny fraction has been commonly used.According to The Knockout Mouse Program(Lloyd,2011),a public resource of mouse embryonic stem cells containing a null mutation in every gene in the mouse genome,8,916 mutant mice lines were phenotyped up to 19 July 2022.Due to the poor correlation between the genomic responses in the mouse models and those responses in human disease,and since humans differ significantly in their genetic vulnerability to common diseases,we still need better mouse models,especially for common and chronic human diseases,including cancer,pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases,obesity and diabetes,behavioral disorders,and neurodegenerative diseases.These new models will be placed into a public repository,The China National Human Disease Animal Model Resource Center(NAMR).This project is funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China and specializes in the creation,introduction,collection,preservation,and supply of animal model resources forhuman diseases.展开更多
The Collaborative Cross( CC) is a powerful genetic resource with a wide range of applications in medical research. It is a multiparental genetic reference population,composed of 200 recombinant inbred mouse strains. I...The Collaborative Cross( CC) is a powerful genetic resource with a wide range of applications in medical research. It is a multiparental genetic reference population,composed of 200 recombinant inbred mouse strains. It was designed to be a resource for rapid mapping of genes that mediate complex traits. The CC has been produced following an intense breeding program that had taken over ten years to complete. It is now becoming available to the research community. While advances in human genetic technologies over the last decade have been substantial,the CC provides the ability to make discoveries not possible with other methods or resources. It can be applied to any subject that can be measured or modelled in the mouse. Here,we discuss a range of applications for which the CC can be used,with examples taken from the early characterization of this powerful resource.展开更多
Biopolymers play a critical role as scaffolds used in tendon and ligament(TL)regeneration.Although advanced biopolymer materials have been proposed with optimised mechanical properties,biocompatibility,degradation,and...Biopolymers play a critical role as scaffolds used in tendon and ligament(TL)regeneration.Although advanced biopolymer materials have been proposed with optimised mechanical properties,biocompatibility,degradation,and processability,it is still challenging to find the right balance between these properties.Here,we aim to develop novel hybrid biocomposites based on poly(p-dioxanone)(PDO),poly(lactide-co-caprolactone)(LCL)and silk to produce high-performance grafts suitable for TL tissue repair.Biocomposites containing 1-15%of silk were studied through a range of characterisation techniques.We then explored biocompatibility through in vitro and in vivo studies using a mouse model.We found that adding up to 5%silk increases the tensile properties,degradation rate and miscibility between PDO and LCL phases without agglomeration of silk inside the composites.Furthermore,addition of silk increases surface roughness and hydrophilicity.In vitro experiments show that the silk improved attachment of tendon-derived stem cells and proliferation over 72 h,while in vivo studies indicate that the silk can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines after six weeks of implantation.Finally,we selected a promising biocomposite and created a prototype TL graft based on extruded fibres.We found that the tensile properties of both individual fibres and braided grafts could be suitable for anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)repair applications.展开更多
Background: Major burns are life threatening. Fluid resuscitation is required for survival to maintain intravascular volumes and prevent hypovolemic shock. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been recognised as a pote...Background: Major burns are life threatening. Fluid resuscitation is required for survival to maintain intravascular volumes and prevent hypovolemic shock. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been recognised as a potential method of monitoring fluid shifts after burn and in other disease states. The aims of this study were to examine the reliability of BIS across different dressing conditions and electrode positions, establish the influence of Acticoat?on BIS variable measures and determine the validity of whole-body BIS to assess net fluid shift in the presence of moderate to major burns. Methods: An observational longitudinal cohort study was conducted from December 2014 to February 2016. Patients with over 15% total body surface area (TBSA) burns and injury less than 48 h were enrolled in the study. BIS triplicate measures were collected in an open wound and with an ActicoatTMdressing (at 5 half hour intervals). Standard and alternate electrode placements were utilised for the reliability analysis and standard placement only for determining the validity of BIS in moderate to major burns. The ImpediMde SFB7 was used to collect whole-body and segmental BIS measures. Stata statistical software, release 14 was utilised to analyse all results. Descriptive analyses were performed and were reported using the means and standard deviations (SD). Results: BIS-repeated measures established BIS raw resistance (R), and predicted volume variables were reliable in any condition (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.996-0.999, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.996-0.999) without a systematic difference. Acticoat?dressings significantly influenced all BIS-predicted volumes (p≤0.01) as determined by multilevel mixed effects (MLME) linear regression analysis. Validity of BIS was demonstrated by resistance variables significantly decreasing with increasing net ionic fluid shift and increased TBSA (severity of injury) and calculated fluid volumes increasing with increasing net fluid shift and TBSA. BIS resistance also decreased with time as oedema reduced. For clinical use, a calculator was developed to adjust BIS variables when an Acticoat?dressing is in situ, thus facilitating BIS variable change estimates in real time, with dressings intact. Conclusion: BIS may be used clinically to monitor fluid volume change in major acute burns.展开更多
Background:Lower limb burns can significantly delay recovery of function.Measuring lower limb functional outcomes is challenging in the unique burn patient population and necessitates the use of reliable and valid too...Background:Lower limb burns can significantly delay recovery of function.Measuring lower limb functional outcomes is challenging in the unique burn patient population and necessitates the use of reliable and valid tools.The aims of this study were to examine the test-retest reliability,sensitivity,and internal consistency of Sections 1 and 3 of the Lower Limb Functional Index-10(LLFI-10)questionnaire for measuring functional ability in patients with lower limb burns over time.Methods:Twenty-nine adult patients who had sustained a lower limb burn injury in the previous 12 months completed the test-retest procedure of the study.In addition,the minimal detectable change(MDC)was calculated for Section 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10.Section 1 is focused on the activity limitations experienced by patients with a lower limb disorder whereas Section 3 involves patients indicating their current percentage of pre-injury duties.Results:Section 1 of the LLFI-10 demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability(intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC)0.98,95%CI 0.96–0.99)whilst Section 3 demonstrated high test-retest reliability(ICC 0.88,95%CI 0.79–0.94).MDC scores for Sections 1 and 3 were 1.27 points and 30.22%,respectively.Internal consistency was demonstrated with a significant negative association(rs=?0.83)between Sections 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10(p<0.001).Conclusions:This study demonstrates that Section 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10 are reliable for measuring functional ability in patients who have sustained lower limb burns in the previous 12 months,and furthermore,Section 1 is sensitive to changes in patient function over time.展开更多
Tendon and ligament(TL)injuries affect millions of people annually.Biopolymers play a significant role in TL tissue repair,whether the treatment relies on tissue engineering strategies or using artificial tendon graft...Tendon and ligament(TL)injuries affect millions of people annually.Biopolymers play a significant role in TL tissue repair,whether the treatment relies on tissue engineering strategies or using artificial tendon grafts.The biopolymer governs the mechanical properties,biocompatibility,degradation,and fabrication method of the TL scaffold.Many natural,synthetic and hybrid biopolymers have been studied in TL regeneration,often combined with therapeutic agents and minerals to engineer novel scaffold systems.However,most of the advanced biopolymers have not advanced to clinical use yet.Here,we aim to review recent biopolymers and discuss their features for TL tissue engineering.After introducing the properties of the native tissue,we discuss different types of natural,synthetic and hybrid biopolymers used in TL tissue engineering.Then,we review biopolymers used in commercial absorbable and non-absorbable TL grafts.Finally,we explain the challenges and future directions for the development of novel biopolymers in TL regenerative treatment.展开更多
A recent study by Lu et al.1 suggests a novel approach to increasing responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. ICB is a promising form of cancer immunotherapy that aims to boost the anti-tumoral immu...A recent study by Lu et al.1 suggests a novel approach to increasing responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. ICB is a promising form of cancer immunotherapy that aims to boost the anti-tumoral immune response. This response is primarily driven by the presentation of different types of antigens at the cancer cell membrane via the type I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I). Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens that are small (mostly 9-mers) mutated peptides that generally result from somatic mutations. High tumor mutational burden, which results in the formation of many neoantigens, is currently one of the main biomarkers for ICB response prediction. Because ICB is only effective in a minority of patients, new therapeutic strategies are required to augment this response.展开更多
A cancer susceptibility gene(CSG)is a gene whose variants can increase the cancer risk of those bearing such variants.1 By defining an individual’s CSG profile,it may be possible to assess their cancer risk and may p...A cancer susceptibility gene(CSG)is a gene whose variants can increase the cancer risk of those bearing such variants.1 By defining an individual’s CSG profile,it may be possible to assess their cancer risk and may provide insights for future prevention and treatment of cancer.The methods used for discovery of CSGs have evolved from single candidate gene analysis to population-based next-generation sequencing.展开更多
基金supported by the NHMRC-ARC Dementia Research Development Fellowship Grant(AP1102977)an Australian Government Research Training Program(RTS)Scholarship。
文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are multifaceted diseases with genotypic,pathological and clinical overlap.One such overlap is the presence of SQSTM1/p62 mutations.While traditionally mutations manifesting in the ubiquitin-associated domain of p62 were associated with Paget’s disease of bone,mutations affecting all functional domains of p62 have now been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients.p62 is a multifunctional protein that facilitates protein degradation through autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system,and also regulates cell survival via the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway,the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and apoptosis.Dysfunction in these signaling and protein degradation pathways have been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration,and mutations that affect the role of p62 in these pathways may contribute to disease pathogenesis.In this review we discuss the role of p62 in these pathways,the effects of p62 mutations and the effect of mutations in the p62 modulator TANK-binding kinase 1,in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathogenesis.
文摘The 14th Scientific Congress of the Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Science was held on October 11‐12,2018 in Qingdao,China.During this congress,an international forum on the development of Laboratory Animal Sciences(LAS)worldwide was held in which participants learnt about the development of new LAS resources and technologies,as well as the progress of LAS in China.The main points that were discussed are as follows.After nearly a century of development,there are more than 200 species of experimental animals,and more than 20 000 inbred lines,outbred lines,genetic engineered animals,animal models of diseases,and other resources all over the world,which provide abundant experimental animal resources for scientific research.These resources are widely used in life science research.
基金Supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council,Nos.403987,513714 and 634352the Medical Research Foundation of Royal Perth Hospital+4 种基金the Cancer Council of Western AustraliaEvan Ingley received support from the Cancer Council of Western Australiathe Harry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchSock-it-to-Sarcoma and the Hollywood Private Hospital Research Foundationthe MACA Ride to Conquer Cancer
文摘AIM To identify and characterize the effect of phosphorylation on the subcellular localization of Ankrd54.METHODS HEK293 T cells were treated with calyculin A, staurosporin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA). Cells were transfected with eG FP-tagged Ankrd54 with or without Lyn tyrosine kinase(wild-type, Y397 F mutant, or Y508 F mutant). The subcellular localization was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging of cells, immunoblotting of subcellular fractionations. The phosphorylation of Ankrd54 was monitored using Phos-tagT M gel retardation. Phosphorylated peptides were analysed by multiplereaction-monitoring(MRM) proteomic analysis.RESULTS Activation of PKC kinases using PMA promoted nuclear export of Ankrd54 and correlated with increased Ankrd54 phosphorylation, assayed using Phos-tag TM gel retardation. Co-expression of an active form of the PKCδisoform specifically promoted both phosphorylation and cytoplasmic localization of Ankrd54, while PKCδ, Akt and PKA did not. Alanine mutation of several serine residues in the amino-terminal region of Ankrd54(Ser14, Ser17, Ser18, Ser19) reduced both PMA induced cytoplasmic localization and phosphorylation of Ankrd54. Using MRM proteomic analysis, phosphorylation of the Ser18 residue of Ankrd54 was readily detectable in response to PMA stimulation. PMA stimulation of cells co-expressing Ankrd54 and Lyn tyrosine kinase displayed increased coimmunoprecipitation and enhanced co-localization in the cytoplasm.CONCLUSION We identify phosphorylation by PKCδ as a major regulator of nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Ankrd54, and its interaction with the tyrosine kinase Lyn.
基金Supported by Telethon Perth Child Health Research Foundationthe Diabetes Research Foundation of Western Australia+1 种基金the University of Western Australiathe National Health and Medical Research Council Program,No.53000400
文摘The establishment of multipotent pancreas progenitors(MPP) should have a significant impact not only on the ontology of the pancreas, but also for the translational research of glucose-responding endocrine b-cells. Deficiency of the latter may lead to the pandemic type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder. An ideal treatment of which would potentially be the replacement of destroyed or failed b-cells, by restoring function of endogenous pancreatic endocrine cells or by transplantation of donor islets or in vitro generated insulin-secreting cells. Thus, considerable research efforts have been devoted to identify MPP candidates in the preand post-natal pancreas for the endogenous neogenesis or regeneration of endocrine insulin-secreting cells. In order to advance this inconclusive but critical field, we here review the emerging concepts, recent literature and newest developments of potential MPP and propose measures that would assist its forward progression.
基金The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation(4-2006-1025)Medical Research Foundation of Royal Perth HospitalPerth Children’s Hospital Research Fund(TPCHRF2013)Grant(to F.X.Jiang)partially
文摘Pancreatic insulin-secretingβcells are essential in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis accomplished byhighly specialized transcription of insulin gene,of which occupies up to 40%their transcriptome.Deficiency of these cells causes diabetes mellitus,a global public health problem.Although tremendous endeavors have been made to generate insulin-secreting cells from human pluripotent stem cells(i.e.,primitive cells capable of giving rise to all cell types in the body),a regenerative therapy to diabetes has not yet been established.Furthermore,the nomenclature ofβcells has become inconsistent,confusing and controversial due to the lack of standardized positive controls of developmental stagematched in vivo cells.In order to minimize this negative impact and facilitate critical research in this field,a postgenomic concept of pancreaticβcells might be helpful.In this review article,we will briefly describe howβcells were discovered and islet lineage is developed that may help understand the cause of nomenclatural controversy,suggest a post-genomic definition and finally provide a conclusive remark on future research of this pivotal cell.
基金supported by grants from CAMS initiative for Innovative Medicine of China(No.2021-I2M-1-034)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFF0703200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82041008 and 82161138027).
文摘The number of genetically modified mouse models that mimic human disease is growing rapidly,but only a tiny fraction has been commonly used.According to The Knockout Mouse Program(Lloyd,2011),a public resource of mouse embryonic stem cells containing a null mutation in every gene in the mouse genome,8,916 mutant mice lines were phenotyped up to 19 July 2022.Due to the poor correlation between the genomic responses in the mouse models and those responses in human disease,and since humans differ significantly in their genetic vulnerability to common diseases,we still need better mouse models,especially for common and chronic human diseases,including cancer,pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases,obesity and diabetes,behavioral disorders,and neurodegenerative diseases.These new models will be placed into a public repository,The China National Human Disease Animal Model Resource Center(NAMR).This project is funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China and specializes in the creation,introduction,collection,preservation,and supply of animal model resources forhuman diseases.
基金supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (Program 1037321 and Project 1069173)by Diabetes Research Western Australia
文摘The Collaborative Cross( CC) is a powerful genetic resource with a wide range of applications in medical research. It is a multiparental genetic reference population,composed of 200 recombinant inbred mouse strains. It was designed to be a resource for rapid mapping of genes that mediate complex traits. The CC has been produced following an intense breeding program that had taken over ten years to complete. It is now becoming available to the research community. While advances in human genetic technologies over the last decade have been substantial,the CC provides the ability to make discoveries not possible with other methods or resources. It can be applied to any subject that can be measured or modelled in the mouse. Here,we discuss a range of applications for which the CC can be used,with examples taken from the early characterization of this powerful resource.
基金The authors also gratefully acknowledge funding from the Australian Research Council(IC170100061)through the Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies,and the Science-Industry PhD Fellowship from the Western Australia Department of Jobs,Tourism,Science and Innovation(awarded to B.S.H.).
文摘Biopolymers play a critical role as scaffolds used in tendon and ligament(TL)regeneration.Although advanced biopolymer materials have been proposed with optimised mechanical properties,biocompatibility,degradation,and processability,it is still challenging to find the right balance between these properties.Here,we aim to develop novel hybrid biocomposites based on poly(p-dioxanone)(PDO),poly(lactide-co-caprolactone)(LCL)and silk to produce high-performance grafts suitable for TL tissue repair.Biocomposites containing 1-15%of silk were studied through a range of characterisation techniques.We then explored biocompatibility through in vitro and in vivo studies using a mouse model.We found that adding up to 5%silk increases the tensile properties,degradation rate and miscibility between PDO and LCL phases without agglomeration of silk inside the composites.Furthermore,addition of silk increases surface roughness and hydrophilicity.In vitro experiments show that the silk improved attachment of tendon-derived stem cells and proliferation over 72 h,while in vivo studies indicate that the silk can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines after six weeks of implantation.Finally,we selected a promising biocomposite and created a prototype TL graft based on extruded fibres.We found that the tensile properties of both individual fibres and braided grafts could be suitable for anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)repair applications.
文摘Background: Major burns are life threatening. Fluid resuscitation is required for survival to maintain intravascular volumes and prevent hypovolemic shock. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been recognised as a potential method of monitoring fluid shifts after burn and in other disease states. The aims of this study were to examine the reliability of BIS across different dressing conditions and electrode positions, establish the influence of Acticoat?on BIS variable measures and determine the validity of whole-body BIS to assess net fluid shift in the presence of moderate to major burns. Methods: An observational longitudinal cohort study was conducted from December 2014 to February 2016. Patients with over 15% total body surface area (TBSA) burns and injury less than 48 h were enrolled in the study. BIS triplicate measures were collected in an open wound and with an ActicoatTMdressing (at 5 half hour intervals). Standard and alternate electrode placements were utilised for the reliability analysis and standard placement only for determining the validity of BIS in moderate to major burns. The ImpediMde SFB7 was used to collect whole-body and segmental BIS measures. Stata statistical software, release 14 was utilised to analyse all results. Descriptive analyses were performed and were reported using the means and standard deviations (SD). Results: BIS-repeated measures established BIS raw resistance (R), and predicted volume variables were reliable in any condition (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.996-0.999, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.996-0.999) without a systematic difference. Acticoat?dressings significantly influenced all BIS-predicted volumes (p≤0.01) as determined by multilevel mixed effects (MLME) linear regression analysis. Validity of BIS was demonstrated by resistance variables significantly decreasing with increasing net ionic fluid shift and increased TBSA (severity of injury) and calculated fluid volumes increasing with increasing net fluid shift and TBSA. BIS resistance also decreased with time as oedema reduced. For clinical use, a calculator was developed to adjust BIS variables when an Acticoat?dressing is in situ, thus facilitating BIS variable change estimates in real time, with dressings intact. Conclusion: BIS may be used clinically to monitor fluid volume change in major acute burns.
基金We wish to thank Larissa Boon for her assistance in patient recruitment.We also appreciate Phil Gabel's work in developing the LLFI-10 and approving its use within this study
文摘Background:Lower limb burns can significantly delay recovery of function.Measuring lower limb functional outcomes is challenging in the unique burn patient population and necessitates the use of reliable and valid tools.The aims of this study were to examine the test-retest reliability,sensitivity,and internal consistency of Sections 1 and 3 of the Lower Limb Functional Index-10(LLFI-10)questionnaire for measuring functional ability in patients with lower limb burns over time.Methods:Twenty-nine adult patients who had sustained a lower limb burn injury in the previous 12 months completed the test-retest procedure of the study.In addition,the minimal detectable change(MDC)was calculated for Section 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10.Section 1 is focused on the activity limitations experienced by patients with a lower limb disorder whereas Section 3 involves patients indicating their current percentage of pre-injury duties.Results:Section 1 of the LLFI-10 demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability(intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC)0.98,95%CI 0.96–0.99)whilst Section 3 demonstrated high test-retest reliability(ICC 0.88,95%CI 0.79–0.94).MDC scores for Sections 1 and 3 were 1.27 points and 30.22%,respectively.Internal consistency was demonstrated with a significant negative association(rs=?0.83)between Sections 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10(p<0.001).Conclusions:This study demonstrates that Section 1 and 3 of the LLFI-10 are reliable for measuring functional ability in patients who have sustained lower limb burns in the previous 12 months,and furthermore,Section 1 is sensitive to changes in patient function over time.
基金supported by the Department of Jobs,Tourism,Science and Innovation(JTSI),Government of Western Australia,through the Science Industry PhD Fellowship Program.
文摘Tendon and ligament(TL)injuries affect millions of people annually.Biopolymers play a significant role in TL tissue repair,whether the treatment relies on tissue engineering strategies or using artificial tendon grafts.The biopolymer governs the mechanical properties,biocompatibility,degradation,and fabrication method of the TL scaffold.Many natural,synthetic and hybrid biopolymers have been studied in TL regeneration,often combined with therapeutic agents and minerals to engineer novel scaffold systems.However,most of the advanced biopolymers have not advanced to clinical use yet.Here,we aim to review recent biopolymers and discuss their features for TL tissue engineering.After introducing the properties of the native tissue,we discuss different types of natural,synthetic and hybrid biopolymers used in TL tissue engineering.Then,we review biopolymers used in commercial absorbable and non-absorbable TL grafts.Finally,we explain the challenges and future directions for the development of novel biopolymers in TL regenerative treatment.
基金Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg.
文摘A recent study by Lu et al.1 suggests a novel approach to increasing responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. ICB is a promising form of cancer immunotherapy that aims to boost the anti-tumoral immune response. This response is primarily driven by the presentation of different types of antigens at the cancer cell membrane via the type I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I). Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens that are small (mostly 9-mers) mutated peptides that generally result from somatic mutations. High tumor mutational burden, which results in the formation of many neoantigens, is currently one of the main biomarkers for ICB response prediction. Because ICB is only effective in a minority of patients, new therapeutic strategies are required to augment this response.
文摘A cancer susceptibility gene(CSG)is a gene whose variants can increase the cancer risk of those bearing such variants.1 By defining an individual’s CSG profile,it may be possible to assess their cancer risk and may provide insights for future prevention and treatment of cancer.The methods used for discovery of CSGs have evolved from single candidate gene analysis to population-based next-generation sequencing.