Obstetric Anesthesia Practice Significantly Evolved: A Field for Cesarean Delivery Parturient for the Provision of Safe Anesthesia in Urgent Circumstances

General anesthesia and Obstetric Anesthesia is the gold standard for a cesarean section but there are some cases where general anesthesia is unavoidable. The use of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery has decreased in recent years due to the widespread use of neuraxial techniques. The choice of anesthesia techniques for cesarean delivery depends on several factors, including the patient’s psychology and the attending physician’s experience. It is chosen because of its safety profile and its benefits to the mother and fetus. It may be indicated due to emergency, maternal refusal of regional techniques, or regional contraindications. Major complications include failed intubation, gastric content aspiration, and increased bleeding risk. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a newly launched team on obstetric anesthesia practice.

Passive Study of Energy Efficiency of a Building with PCM on the Roof during Summer in Casablanca

Energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at national and international levels. Because the residential and commercial energy consumption has steadily increased reaching figures between 20% and 40%. The use of thermal insulation of the building envelope is one of the most currently requested solutions to reduce this energy consumption. Phase Change Materials (PCM) have received increased attention due to their ability to store large amounts of thermal energy within narrow temperature ranges. This property makes them ideal for storage of passive heat in the building envelopes. An experimental study was conducted to analyze the influence of PCM in the construction of exterior walls. Two test cells are constructed in the Faculty of Science Ain Chock, Casablanca. One is equipped with a 0.56 cm layer of PCM on its roof while the second is a reference cell without PCM. The results presented for the period from 8th to 10th July 2014 show that the integration of PCM layer reduces the amplitude of instantaneous heat flux through the horizontal wall. The indoor and the internal vertical wall temperatures, in the case of the cell with PCM, are relatively decreased compared to those of the reference one. For example, the maximum deviation between the indoor temperatures of the cubicles is not more than 1.5℃ while the one on the west faces reaches 3℃ by mid day. Also the inclusion of a layer of PCM shifts the time of peak load and discharge.

The Late Neoproterozoïc Continental Tholeiitic Basalts of the Toubkal Inlier (Western High-Atlas, Morocco): A Post-Pan-African Rifting Witness in the Northern Margin of the West African Craton

The late Neoproterozo&#239c Toubkal inlier (Ancient Massif of the High-Atlas, Morocco) contains two igneous basaltic series (Tircht and Sidi Chamharouch). Investigated rocks display characteristics of within-plate continental tholeiitic and are similar to rocks originated in orogenic contexts. The geochemical results allow the assumption that subduction active processes are indirectly responsible for the genesis of theses rocks. The orogenic signature is linked probably to a Pan-African magmatic source previously metasomatized in the northern margin of the West African Craton.

Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Behavior of a System with a Partition Wall Incorporating a Phase Change Material

The work deals with the thermal behavior of a conventional partition wall incorporating a phase change material(PCM).The wall separates two environments with different thermal properties.The first one is conditioned,while the adjacent space is characterized by a temperature that changes sinusoidally in time.The effect of the PCM is assessed through a comparative analysis of the cases with and without PCM.The performances are evaluated in terms of dimensionless energy stored within the wall,comfort temperature and variations of these quantities as a function of the amount of PCM and its emplacement.

Optimization by the Taguchi Method of a Robust Synthesis Protocol of Calcium Carbonate Phosphate

The experimental processes are difficult to model by physical laws, because a multitude of factors can intervene simultaneously and are responsible for their instabilities and their random variations. Two types of factors are to be considered;those that are easy to manipulate according to the objectives, and those that can vary randomly (uncontrollable factors). These could eventually divert the system from the desired target. It is, therefore, important to implement a system that is insensitive to fluctuations in factors that are difficult to control. The aim of this study is to optimize the synthesis of an apatitic calcium carbonate phosphate characterized with a Ca/P ratio equal to 1.61 by using the experimental design method based on the Taguchi method. In this process, five factors are considered and must be configured to achieve the previously defined objective. The temperature is a very important factor in the process, but difficult to control experimentally, so considered to be a problem factor (noise factor), forcing us to build a robust system that is insensitive to the last one. Therefore, a much simpler model to study the robustness of a synthetic solution with respect to temperature is developed. We have tried to parameterize all the factors considered in the process within a wide interval of temperature variation (60˚C - 90˚C). Temperature changes are no longer considered as a problem for apatitic calcium carbonate phosphate synthesis. In this finding, the proposed mathematical model is linear and efficient with very satisfactory statistical indicators. In addition, several simple solutions for the synthesis of carbonate phosphate are proposed with a Ca/P ratio equal to 1.61.

Evaluation of the Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) on the Ground from the Images of the Second Generation European Meteorological Satellites MSG

The measurement of solar irradiation is still a necessary basis for planning the installation of photovoltaic parks and concentrating solar power systems. The meteorological stations for the measurement of the solar flux at any point of the earth’s surface are still insufficient worldwide;moreover, these measurements on the ground are expensive, and rare. To overcome this shortcoming, the exploitation of images from the European meteorological satellites of the second generation MSG is a reliable solution to estimate the global horizontal irradiance GHI on the ground with a good spatial and temporal coverage. Since 2004, the new generation MSG satellites provide images of Africa and Europe every 15 minutes with a spatial resolution of about 1 km × 1 km at the sub-satellite point. The objective of this work was to apply the Brazil-SR method to evaluate the global horizontal GHI irradiance for the entire Moroccan national territory from the European Meteosat Second Generation MSG satellite images. This bibliographic review also exposed the standard model of calculation of GHI in clear sky by exploiting the terrestrial meteorological measurements.

Wave Reflection by Rectangular Breakwaters for Coastal Protection

In this study,we focus on the numerical modelling of the interaction between waves and submerged structures in the presence of a uniform flow current.Both the same and opposite senses of wave propagation are considered.The main objective is an understanding of the effect of the current and various geometrical parameters on the reflection coefficient.The wave used in the study is based on potential theory,and the submerged structures consist of two rectangular breakwaters positioned at a fixed distance from each other and attached to the bottom of a wave flume.The numerical modeling approach employed in this work relies on the Boundary Element Method(BEM).The results are compared with experimental data to validate the approach.The findings of the study demonstrate that the double rectangular breakwater configuration exhibits superior wave attenuation abilities if compared to a single rectangular breakwater,particularly at low wavenumbers.Furthermore,the study reveals that wave mitigation is more pronounced when the current and wave propagation are coplanar,whereas it is less effective in the case of opposing current.

Study of Sodium-Chromium-Iron-Phosphate Glass by XRD, IR, Chemical Durability and SEM

Chromium iron phosphate glass was investigated for use as waste form because of its improved chemical durability. The introduction of chromium in sodium-iron-phosphate glass is used to compare its effect with iron in inhibition of corrosion. The sodium-chromium-iron phosphate glass of composition 10Na2O-30Fe2O3-5Cr2O3-55P2O5 (mol%) was produced by melting batches of (99, 98% pure) Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Na2CO3, and (NH4)2HPO4 at 1080°C for one hour and pouring the liquid into steel mold. The sample was annealed at 680°C for 48 h. We have performed the measurement of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Infra-Red spectroscopy (IR), and the chemical durability. The IR of the glass studied, contains two dominant bands, which were characteristic of pyrophosphate groups, (P-O) stretching mode of P-O non bridging oxygen at 1055 cm-1 and sym stretching mode of bridging oxygen at444 cm-1 respectively. There is also a band at603 cm-1 attributed to isolated tetrahedral units (PO4)3-. The chemical durability of the glass was investigated by measuring the weight loss in distilled water at 90°C for 22 days.

D-InSAR Analysis of Sentinel-1 Data for Landslide Detection in Northern Morocco, Case Study: Chefchaouen

Land surface displacement caused by landslides is among the most damaging phenomena in northern Morocco. In this paper, we measure ground deformation in the Chefchaouen area which is a zone characterized by geological formations and structurally complex losses that promote instability (landslide, mudflow, block falls, etc.) leading to slow to extremely slow deformation phenomena, which require an interferometric study, using the DinSAR (differential interferometric synthetic Aperture Radar) technique with sentinel 1 images in bance C, which is a powerful tool for the detection and analysis of interferences and monitoring of ground deformations. We worked on four areas of the study area. Its points are provided by the direction of the roads, which generates Interferograms and then deformation maps with precision in mm/year.

Lineaments Extraction and Analysis Using Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) in the Northeast of Morocco

Northeastern Morocco is made up of several units belonging to the Alpine belt and its foreland. Miocene to plio-quaternary volcanic rocks with variable mineralogy and geochemistry dominate the geology of this region. The presence of active faults in different directions explains the high tectonic instability and the high frequency of earthquakes. This study contributes to the effort of understanding the geothermal potential of the Northeast of Morocco. Heat source and permeability are both key factors in the geothermal process. Indeed, lineaments analysis constrains the structures and their directions and indicates severely faulted zones, which are the most promising areas for geothermal exploration. For this purpose, we used Landsat data combined with geological and structural maps available in this region. Different image processing techniques were applied including band ratio (6/2) and directional filters. To validate the results, we conducted a comparative study between linear structures, available geological data, and previous studies. Results of the automatic extraction method of lineaments from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS indicate three main lineament systems: 1) a NE-SW system ranging from N40 to N70;2) an N-S system ranging from N10 to N45;3) an EW to WNW-ESE systems ranging from N80 to N120. Most of lineaments extracted are localized in Kebdana, Amejjaou, Nador and Melilla regions. Compared to previous studies, the NE-SW system is consistent with an extensive period (Tortonian to Pliocene);the NW-SE system is consistent with the last compressive episode (Pliocene);the N-S system is consistent with the first compressive period (Late/End Tortonian).

Effects of Lizardite Addition on Technological Properties of Forsterite- monticellite Rich Ceramics Prepared from Natural Magnesite and Dolomite

Lizardite rich peridotite has never been used to prepare ceramic specimens,especially in Morocco.For this raison,potential use of naturally abundant lizarditic material from the Rif domain,as a supply for ceramic industry,has been evaluated.The effects of lizardite addition to magnesite and dolomite mixtures on the thermomechanical properties of the calcined ceramics were also detailed.To achieve this target,natural lizardite,magnesite and dolomite samples were collected in ultrabasic Beni Bousra massif.Those raw samples were used for the synthesis of a forsterite-monticellite rich ceramics.Both raw and sintered samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope and fourier transform infrared.The obtained results showed that both magnesite and dolomite were mainly composed of MgCO_(3) and CaCO_(3).In contrast,lizardite sample showed high amounts of SiO_(2),MgO and Fe2O_(3).An increased amount of lizardite in the initial mixtures enhanced mechanical and dimensional properties of the prepared ceramic specimens,and subsequently,the production of ceramics with the required technological properties.Thus,the preparation of Moroccan lizardite-based ceramics is technically feasible,economically justifiable and socially desirable due to the contribution to the economic growth of the raw materials sector,especially ceramic industry.

Apatite phosphate doped by cobalt as hight efficient catalyst of multi-component synthesis of therapeutic spiropyrimidine compound

Spiropyrimidines vanquish a significant situation in the field of heterocyclic chemistry, they are broadly utilized as an antibacterial, an inhibitor of multidrug opposition, or an antiplatelet and antithrombotic drug. Phosphate, the principal Moroccan mineral wealth occupies a vital spot in the economic sector and its valuation is a goal continually looked for. Among the conceivable outcomes of valorization, its utilization in heterogeneous catalysis which thought about an exceptionally encouraging new way. In this context, the focus on the reaction of the synthesis of spiropy-rimidine, catalyzed by natural phosphate (NP) and by fluoroapatite (Fap), are used alone or doped by cobalt. These phosphate catalysts were characterized by XRD, IR and SEM, while the synthesized spiropyrimidine was identified by IR, GC-MS and NMR. The obtained yield with fluorapatite doped by cobalt (Co/Fap), at room temperature in ethanol is very high and shows a high impact performance induced by a synergistic effect compared to that of NP alone.

Effect of Postmortem Ageing on Quality Parameters,Contents of Proteins,Lipids and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Oxidative Stability in the Camel Meat during Cold Storage

The effect of ageing was evaluated on quality parameters(pH,electrical conductivity(EC),osmolality,drip loss(DL)and cooking loss(CL)),proteins,fat and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH-D)total levels and antioxidant status(malondialdehyde(MDA)and catalase(CAT)activity)in meat of camels during storage at 4±1°C.Samples were taken from the brachial triceps muscle(triceps barchii)and were stored at 4±1°C for 10 d.Quality parameters,chemical composition and antioxidant status were assessed at 3 h and 24 h postslaughter and 5,7 and 10 d postmortem during cold storage.CAT activity significantly decreased while osmolality,EC,DL,CL and MDA contents significantly increased,from the 5th or 7th postmortem day of cold storage of the camel meat.However,proteins,lipids and 25-OH-D total contents showed no significant differences during all period of ageing.In conclusion,in the dromedary camel,ageing time of triceps muscle influenced significantly its quality characteristics and antioxidant status from the 5th or 7th postmortem day of refrigerated storage,without any variation of proteins,fat and 25-OH-D contents.

The First Occurrence of Red Tide Caused by Karenia sp.in the Atlantic Moroccan Coast(Oualidia Lagoon)

An intense bloom of Karenia sp.was reported in the Oualidia lagoon,part of Atlantic Moroccan coast.The highest concentrations are 1.04×10^7 cells/L,and have been noted at the park station 7.High nutrient concentrations have been observed,and PO4 was the highest value(av.396.18μg/L)recorded at Parc 7.This massive proliferation caused a red tide which extended over 25 km from the Atlantic coast.This event was accompanied by stranding of macroalgae.

Presence of G84E Allelic Heterogeneity of the European Prostate Cancer SNP Mutation of HOX13B-G84E Associated with the European R-Haplogroup of Y-Chromosome and Absence of Gene Flow into Moroccans Patients

SNP mutations in the HOXB13 gene associated with prostate cancer were determined in Moroccans prostate cancer patients (PCa). All PCa SNP mutations were new and belong to the SNP point-mutations located on the stop codon of HOXB13 exon 1 and 2 located in chromosome 17. The five mutations and their frequencies were as follows: rs1197613952 (12%), rs1597934612 (4%), rs1597933874 (4%), rs1597933837 (4%) and rs867793282 (4%). The European HOXB13-G84E (rs138213197) PCa mutation was not detected among Moroccan patients. The Y-chromosome genealogical haplotypes of the Western European (R1b1b2-M2G9) and the Eastern European (R191a-M-17) were not observed in Moroccans PCa patients. The patients have their own haplotypes E1b1 and J with a frequency of 55 and 35%, respectively. The results of the SNP mutations in the HOXB13, the absence of the HOXB13-G84E of the European in the Moroccans PCa patients, the absence of the European-lineage haplogroups (R1a1a-M17 and R1b1b2-M269) and the presence of E1b1b and J in Moroccans PCa patients would clearly indicate the absence of gene flow from European to Moroccans gene pool.

Efficient Choice of a Multilevel Inverter for Integration on a Hybrid Wind-Solar Power Station

DC/AC converters are very important components that have to be chosen efficiently for each type of power station. In this article, we present in details, a comparison between three different architectures of multilevel inverters, the flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), the diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI), and the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHMLI). Thus the comparison is focused on the output voltage quality, the complexity of the power circuits, the cost of implementation, and the influence on a power bank inside the renewable power station. We also investigate trough simulation the efficient number of levels and suitable characteristics for the CHMLI that showed the most promising performance. The study uses Matlab Simulink platform as a tool of simulation, and aim to choose the most qualified inverter, for a potential insertion on a hybrid renewable energy platform (wind-solar). In all the simulations we use the same PWM control type (SPWM).

Toward an Evolutionary Multi-Criteria Model for the Analysis and Estimation of Wind Potential

The main objective of this paper is to model, analyze and estimate wind energy at East region of Mohammedia and other Moroccan sites. The basic data were taken from meteorological records of each region. In this context, this work is focused on a methodological approach of a decision support system for optimal choice of wind turbine using multi-criteria model that takes into consideration both the accurate Weibull distribution in the area (wind speed-ground roughness) and the technical parameters of the wind turbine. In this approach we realized an adapted modeling of each element of the turbine (rotor-multiplier-generator). This article also offers a way to forecast wind speed in a region where wind data are not accessible using an artificial neural network.

Genome Sequences of COVID-19 from Jordanian Patients in Comparison with the Global Pandemic Strains and the Transmission Route

In this research study, we reported a pioneer investigation on the phylogenetic profile of genomic sequences and the prevalence of COVID-19 strains in Jordan;in comparison with global strains, as part of concerted global efforts in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 28 genome sequences of the hCoV-19/Jordan strain were employed in this study. The phylogenetic analysis of the genome sequences of hCoV-19/Jordan strain, which was conducted on the databases of NCBI and GASAID revealed that the hCoV-19/Jordan strain belongs to the G, V, and S clades with distribution coverage rates of 89%, 7% and 4%, respectively. Comparison of the hCoV-19/Jordan clades with global clades distribution profile showed evidently and conclusively, a unique pandemic profile of multiple geographical sources of COVID-19, imported into Jordan primarily through cryptic means from European countries (UK, Belgium, Sweden, Russia) and Morocco, which are entry points into Jordan. This is due to the reciprocal heavy air traffic route between Jordan and the capitals of these European countries, with Morocco being the primary entry point into Jordan. The results of this study represent a marked addition to investigations on the prevalence rate of the hCovid-19/Jordan strain in comparison to the global strains sequences, and provides a better understanding on comparative diagnosis technique for COVID-19 worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis of the top 100 and top 10 taxonomic trees revealed almost identical homology (99.98% - 100%) between hCoV-19/Jordan strain and the strains that broke out in Wuhan, the MT642226.1. Furthermore, it can be inferred that there was no marked change in the virus mutation that occurred during the period of this study taking into cognizance the fact that there was identical homology (99.98% - 100%) among the 28 sequences of hCoV-19/Jordan strains. Similarly, all sequences of the Jordanian strains of hCoV-19/Jordan were compared to the England and American strains and showed identical homology of (99.98% - 100%).

Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in a Real Scale Building Incorporating PCM in the Air Layer of the Vertical Walls

The purpose of this paper is to study the energy efficiency of a local living space exposed to solar radiation in the subtropical climate of Casablanca. The study was mainly focused on the contribution of a phase change material (PCM), inserted into a 7-cm thick air layer of a double brick wall, in two different locations. We note that the experimental study was conducted using two real-scale test cavities, located in the Faculty of Science Ain Chock-Casablanca. Two PCM mounting methods were used for the south and west walls, in order to test its energy efficiency as a storage and retrieval means of the solar flux coming from the outside. In the case of the southern wall, the PCM is put directly on the internal side of the outside part of the double wall (Case 1). For the west wall, the PCM is placed 1.2 cm away from the internal side of the outer part of the double wall (Case 2). The first result shows that the PCM placed to the wall allows storing the solar heat during the day and releasing it to the outside of the building at night. While in the second case, the PCM keeps the heat stored day and night.

Clinical and Epidemiological Evolution of Sheep Pox in Morocco

Sheep pox is an infectious viral disease that affects specifically sheep and it is caused by the Capripoxvirus genus.The clinical signs include fever,diarrhea,difficulty breathing,nodules,lung lesions and death.In Morocco,the 2010 epidemic of sheep pox was characterized by the emergence of a nodular form of the disease.The local strain was isolated and the analysis of affected animals was positively confirmed by virus isolation and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The epidemiological analysis of 911 data records showed that the virus is endemic in the country;an average of 350 cases per year with an epizootic evolution was observed in 2010.The incidence varies depending on provinces and the disease appears confined to the central and the eastern regions of the country where a very intensive sheep breeding activity is taking place.The statistical analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between the endemicity and the significant factor of the rural market(p=0.006).The annual average morbidity and mortality rates were 2.96%(1.26%to 4.32%)and 0.71%(0.41%to 0.94%),respectively.The clinical findings associated to the epidemiological data analysis confirmed the presence of sheep pox in its nodular form and suggest that new pathogenic strains may have been introduced from Mauritania.The purpose of this work was to provide a better description of the spatiotemporal evolution of sheep pox disease based on some epidemiological indicators and to put forward plausible hypotheses regarding the emergence of the virus in order to implement an adequate control strategy.