Essential oil has been used as sedatives,anticonvulsants,and local anesthetics in traditional medical remedies;as preservatives for food,fruit,vegetable,and grain storage;and as bio-pesticides for food production.Lina...Essential oil has been used as sedatives,anticonvulsants,and local anesthetics in traditional medical remedies;as preservatives for food,fruit,vegetable,and grain storage;and as bio-pesticides for food production.Linalool(LL),along with a few other major components such as methyl eugenol(ME),estragole(EG),and citronellal,are the active chemicals in many essential oils such as basil oil.Basil oil and the aforementioned monoterpenoids are potent against insect pests.However,the molecular mechanism of action of these chemical constituents is not well understood.It is well-known that the c-aminobutyric acid type A receptors(GABAARs)and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)are primary molecular targets of the synthetic insecticides used in the market today.Furthermore,the GABAAR-targeted therapeutics have been used in clinics for many decades,including barbiturates and benzodiazepines,to name just a few.In this research,we studied the electrophysiological effects of LL,ME,EG,and citronellal on GABAAR and nAChR to further understand their versatility as therapeutic agents in traditional remedies and as insecticides.Our results revealed that LL inhibits both GABAAR and nAChR,which may explain its insecticidal activity.LL is a concentration-dependent,noncompetitive inhibitor on GABAAR,as the half-maximal effective concentration(EC50)values of c-aminobutyric acid(GABA)for the rat a1b3c2L GABAAR were not affected by LL:(36.2±7.9)lmol-1 and(36.1±23.8)μmol·L-1 in the absence and presence of 5 mmol·L-1 LL,respectively.The half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of LL on GABAAR was approximately 3.2 mmol·L-1.Considering that multiple monoterpenoids are found within the same essential oil,it is likely that LL has a synergistic effect with ME,which has been previously characterized as both a GABAAR agonist and a positive allosteric modulator,and with other monoterpenoids,which offers a possible explanation for the sedative and anticonvulsant effects and the insecticidal activities of LL.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC. METHODS: Epidemiologic,...AIM: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC. METHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, and follow-up data were obtained from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR). IBD-associated cases were identified from self-report of physician diagnosis. For a subset of participants, medical records were examined to confirm self-report of IBD. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95%CI of mortality, comparing IBD-associated to non-IBD-associated CRC, adjusted for age at CRC diagnosis, sex, Colon CFR phase, and number of prior endoscopies. Following imputation to complete CRC stage information, adjustment for CRC stage was examined. RESULTS: A total of 7202 CRC cases, including 250 cases of IBD-associated CRC, were analyzed. Over a twelve year follow-up period following CRC diagnosis, 2013 and 74 deaths occurred among non-IBD associated CRC and IBD-associated CRC patients, respectively. The difference in survival between IBD-associated and non-IBD CRC cases was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.36). However, the assumption of proportional hazards necessary for valid inference from Cox regression was not met over the entire follow-up period, and we therefore limited analyses to within five years after CRC diagnosis when the assumption of proportional hazards was met. Over this period, there was evidence of worse prognosis for IBD-associated CRC (aHR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76). Results were similar when adjusted for CRC stage, or restricted to IBD confirmed in medical records. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that IBD-associated CRC has a worse prognosis than non-IBD-associated CRC.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the socio-demographic profiles, academic habits, and lived experiences of baccalaureate nursing students at a private university in Hawaii. Methods: A m...Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the socio-demographic profiles, academic habits, and lived experiences of baccalaureate nursing students at a private university in Hawaii. Methods: A mixed method design of descriptive statistics and analysis was used. For this study, a semi-structured, twenty-five item survey was developed by the researchers and reviewed by other faculty for veracity. A convenience sample included level one (LV1) students (n = 91) and level five (LV5) students (n = 64) attending class on the day of the survey. Results: Analysis revealed that contemporary students have complex lives with multiple work, family, financial, program, and health challenges that impact their lives as students. The majority of students in this sample were identified as Asian or Pacific Islander. Fifty percent of students in both levels worked 20 hours per week and about 1/4 in both levels had children. About 25% spent more than 15 hours per week on social media and studied 1-2 hours per day. Fourteen percent of both levels reported getting less than five hours of sleep. Beginning students identified time management and work as the top two barriers to success. Those completing the program identified issues with the nursing program and family obligations. Conclusions: Factors identified in this study not only impact students’ performance in the classroom but also have implications for performance in the clinical areas. These factors suggest that nursing faculty take into consideration the perceived needs of students while maintaining ethics and high academic standards. The understanding gained from this study will inform curriculum revision and program development.展开更多
Understanding the radiation background at the north crossing point （NCP） in the tunnel of BEPCII is crucial for the performance safety of the High Purity Germanium （HPGe） detector, and in turn of great significanc...Understanding the radiation background at the north crossing point （NCP） in the tunnel of BEPCII is crucial for the performance safety of the High Purity Germanium （HPGe） detector, and in turn of great significance for long-term stable running of the energy measurement system. Therefore, as the first step, a NaI（T1） detector is constructed to continuously measure the radiation level of photons as background for future experiments. Furthermore, gamma and neutron dosimeters are utilized to explore the radiation distribution in the vicinity of the NCP where the HPGe detector will be located. Synthesizing all obtained information, the shielding for neutron irradiation is studied based on model-dependent theoretical analysis.展开更多
The deep ocean piezosphere accounts for a significant part of the global ocean,hosts active and diverse microbial communities which probably play a more important role than hitherto recognized in the global ocean carb...The deep ocean piezosphere accounts for a significant part of the global ocean,hosts active and diverse microbial communities which probably play a more important role than hitherto recognized in the global ocean carbon cycle.The conventional biological pump concept and the recently proposed microbial carbon pump mechanism provide a foundation for our understanding of the role of microorganisms in cycling of carbon in the ocean.However,there are significant gaps in our knowledge and a lack of mechanistic understanding of the processes of microbially-mediated production,transformation,degradation,and export of marine dissolved and particulate organic matter(DOM and POM)in the deep ocean and the ecological consequence.Here we propose the POM-DOM piezophilic microorganism continuum(PDPMC)conceptual model,to address these important biogeochemical processes in the deep ocean.We propose that piezophilic microorganisms(bacteria and archaea)play a pivotal role in deep ocean carbon cycle where microbial production of exoenzymes,enzymatic breakdown of DOM and transformation of POM fuels the rapid cycling of marine organic matter,and serve as the primary driver for carbon cycle in the deep ocean.展开更多
Hadal trenches are the least explored marine habitat on earth. Archaea has been shown to be the dominant group in trench sediments. However, the activity potentials and detailed diversity of these communities as well ...Hadal trenches are the least explored marine habitat on earth. Archaea has been shown to be the dominant group in trench sediments. However, the activity potentials and detailed diversity of these communities as well as their inter-trench variations are still not known. In this study, we combined datasets from two pairs of primers to investigate at high resolution the structure and activity potentials of the archaeal communities in vertically sectioned sediment cores taken from the deepest points of the Mariana (10,853 m) and Mussau (7011 m) trenches. The compositions of the potentially active communities revealed, via 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and RNA (rRNA), significant differences between samples. Marine Group I (MGI), with nine identified subgroups, was the most dominant class in the active archaeal communities of the two trenches. Significantly different species composition and vertical variations were observed between the two trenches. Vertical transitions from aerobic MGI α to anaerobic MGI η and υ subgroups were observed in MST but not in MT sediments, which might be related to the faster microbial oxygen consumption in MST. These results provide a better understanding on archaeal activity and diversity in trench sediments.展开更多
基金This project was supported by grants from Bayer AG Crop Science(Grant4Targets 201701018)the National Center for Research Resources(5P20RR016467-11)the National Institute of General Medical Sciences(P20GM103466)of the National Institutes of Health.
文摘Essential oil has been used as sedatives,anticonvulsants,and local anesthetics in traditional medical remedies;as preservatives for food,fruit,vegetable,and grain storage;and as bio-pesticides for food production.Linalool(LL),along with a few other major components such as methyl eugenol(ME),estragole(EG),and citronellal,are the active chemicals in many essential oils such as basil oil.Basil oil and the aforementioned monoterpenoids are potent against insect pests.However,the molecular mechanism of action of these chemical constituents is not well understood.It is well-known that the c-aminobutyric acid type A receptors(GABAARs)and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)are primary molecular targets of the synthetic insecticides used in the market today.Furthermore,the GABAAR-targeted therapeutics have been used in clinics for many decades,including barbiturates and benzodiazepines,to name just a few.In this research,we studied the electrophysiological effects of LL,ME,EG,and citronellal on GABAAR and nAChR to further understand their versatility as therapeutic agents in traditional remedies and as insecticides.Our results revealed that LL inhibits both GABAAR and nAChR,which may explain its insecticidal activity.LL is a concentration-dependent,noncompetitive inhibitor on GABAAR,as the half-maximal effective concentration(EC50)values of c-aminobutyric acid(GABA)for the rat a1b3c2L GABAAR were not affected by LL:(36.2±7.9)lmol-1 and(36.1±23.8)μmol·L-1 in the absence and presence of 5 mmol·L-1 LL,respectively.The half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of LL on GABAAR was approximately 3.2 mmol·L-1.Considering that multiple monoterpenoids are found within the same essential oil,it is likely that LL has a synergistic effect with ME,which has been previously characterized as both a GABAAR agonist and a positive allosteric modulator,and with other monoterpenoids,which offers a possible explanation for the sedative and anticonvulsant effects and the insecticidal activities of LL.
基金Supported by The American Society of Preventive Oncology/Prevent Cancer Foundation/American Society for Clinical Oncology Cancer Prevention Research Fellowship to SVAthe Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry, No. U01CA097735+5 种基金the Familial Colorectal Neoplasia Collaborative Group, No. U01 CA074799the Mayo Clinic Cooperative Family Registry for Colon Cancer Studies, No. U01 CA074800the Ontario Registry for Studies of Familial Colorectal Cancer, No.U01 CA074783the Seattle Colorectal Cancer Family Registry,No. U01 CA074794the University of Hawaii Colorectal Cancer Family Registry, No. U01 CA074806the University of California, Irvine Informatics Center, No. U01 CA078296
文摘AIM: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC. METHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, and follow-up data were obtained from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR). IBD-associated cases were identified from self-report of physician diagnosis. For a subset of participants, medical records were examined to confirm self-report of IBD. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95%CI of mortality, comparing IBD-associated to non-IBD-associated CRC, adjusted for age at CRC diagnosis, sex, Colon CFR phase, and number of prior endoscopies. Following imputation to complete CRC stage information, adjustment for CRC stage was examined. RESULTS: A total of 7202 CRC cases, including 250 cases of IBD-associated CRC, were analyzed. Over a twelve year follow-up period following CRC diagnosis, 2013 and 74 deaths occurred among non-IBD associated CRC and IBD-associated CRC patients, respectively. The difference in survival between IBD-associated and non-IBD CRC cases was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.36). However, the assumption of proportional hazards necessary for valid inference from Cox regression was not met over the entire follow-up period, and we therefore limited analyses to within five years after CRC diagnosis when the assumption of proportional hazards was met. Over this period, there was evidence of worse prognosis for IBD-associated CRC (aHR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76). Results were similar when adjusted for CRC stage, or restricted to IBD confirmed in medical records. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that IBD-associated CRC has a worse prognosis than non-IBD-associated CRC.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the socio-demographic profiles, academic habits, and lived experiences of baccalaureate nursing students at a private university in Hawaii. Methods: A mixed method design of descriptive statistics and analysis was used. For this study, a semi-structured, twenty-five item survey was developed by the researchers and reviewed by other faculty for veracity. A convenience sample included level one (LV1) students (n = 91) and level five (LV5) students (n = 64) attending class on the day of the survey. Results: Analysis revealed that contemporary students have complex lives with multiple work, family, financial, program, and health challenges that impact their lives as students. The majority of students in this sample were identified as Asian or Pacific Islander. Fifty percent of students in both levels worked 20 hours per week and about 1/4 in both levels had children. About 25% spent more than 15 hours per week on social media and studied 1-2 hours per day. Fourteen percent of both levels reported getting less than five hours of sleep. Beginning students identified time management and work as the top two barriers to success. Those completing the program identified issues with the nursing program and family obligations. Conclusions: Factors identified in this study not only impact students’ performance in the classroom but also have implications for performance in the clinical areas. These factors suggest that nursing faculty take into consideration the perceived needs of students while maintaining ethics and high academic standards. The understanding gained from this study will inform curriculum revision and program development.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10491303, 10775412, 10825524)Instrument Developing Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (YZ200713)+1 种基金Major State Basic Research Development Program (2009CB825200, 2009CB825203,2009CB825206)Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX2-YW-N29)
文摘Understanding the radiation background at the north crossing point （NCP） in the tunnel of BEPCII is crucial for the performance safety of the High Purity Germanium （HPGe） detector, and in turn of great significance for long-term stable running of the energy measurement system. Therefore, as the first step, a NaI（T1） detector is constructed to continuously measure the radiation level of photons as background for future experiments. Furthermore, gamma and neutron dosimeters are utilized to explore the radiation distribution in the vicinity of the NCP where the HPGe detector will be located. Synthesizing all obtained information, the shielding for neutron irradiation is studied based on model-dependent theoretical analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91328208,41240039,41373071)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.201200-72110026)
文摘The deep ocean piezosphere accounts for a significant part of the global ocean,hosts active and diverse microbial communities which probably play a more important role than hitherto recognized in the global ocean carbon cycle.The conventional biological pump concept and the recently proposed microbial carbon pump mechanism provide a foundation for our understanding of the role of microorganisms in cycling of carbon in the ocean.However,there are significant gaps in our knowledge and a lack of mechanistic understanding of the processes of microbially-mediated production,transformation,degradation,and export of marine dissolved and particulate organic matter(DOM and POM)in the deep ocean and the ecological consequence.Here we propose the POM-DOM piezophilic microorganism continuum(PDPMC)conceptual model,to address these important biogeochemical processes in the deep ocean.We propose that piezophilic microorganisms(bacteria and archaea)play a pivotal role in deep ocean carbon cycle where microbial production of exoenzymes,enzymatic breakdown of DOM and transformation of POM fuels the rapid cycling of marine organic matter,and serve as the primary driver for carbon cycle in the deep ocean.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Number 2018YFC0310600)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 91951210,41773069,41906134)by Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Grant Number 20ZR1423700).
文摘Hadal trenches are the least explored marine habitat on earth. Archaea has been shown to be the dominant group in trench sediments. However, the activity potentials and detailed diversity of these communities as well as their inter-trench variations are still not known. In this study, we combined datasets from two pairs of primers to investigate at high resolution the structure and activity potentials of the archaeal communities in vertically sectioned sediment cores taken from the deepest points of the Mariana (10,853 m) and Mussau (7011 m) trenches. The compositions of the potentially active communities revealed, via 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and RNA (rRNA), significant differences between samples. Marine Group I (MGI), with nine identified subgroups, was the most dominant class in the active archaeal communities of the two trenches. Significantly different species composition and vertical variations were observed between the two trenches. Vertical transitions from aerobic MGI α to anaerobic MGI η and υ subgroups were observed in MST but not in MT sediments, which might be related to the faster microbial oxygen consumption in MST. These results provide a better understanding on archaeal activity and diversity in trench sediments.
